American actress Francis Farmer: biography, filmography uye zvinhu zvinonakidza

Kune vanhu vose, mutambikadzi, zvichida, anozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwenhoroondo yakaoma yehupenyu hwake. Inofungidzira uye inowanzofungidzirwa nyaya pamusoro pezviitiko zvinoshungurudza zvinosanganisira Murima akawanikwa mune pepanhau, kunyanya kumanikidzirwa kwake muchipatara chepfungwa. Vane tarenda uye vakakavadzana naFrancis Farmer yaiva nyaya yekupa mhosva kune vamwe uye museki kune vamwe. Unhu hwemutevedzeri uye hupenyu hwake hwakashanda sechikonzero chekuumba mafirimu matatu, mabhuku matatu, nziyo dzakawanda nemagazini.

Ubwana uye huduku

Frances Elena Farmer akaberekwa musi waSeptember 19, 1913 muSeattle, Washington. Baba vake vaiva gweta, uye amai vake vashandi vehupfumi. Utano Francis hwakabatwa mukunyaradza nekubudirira, aigona kunzi anofara, kana kwete kuti arambe achipikisana naamai vake, uyo aiva munhu ane simba zvikuru. Akatova mumakore ake echikoro, musikana wacho akawana ruzha rwetarenda rekuita uye runyoro. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, Francis akakunda mutsara wokuti "Best Intsanangudzo", nokuda kwebasa rinokakavadzana rakanzi "Mwari ari kufa," akawana mubayiro wemadhora zana. Muna 1931, akapinda muYunivhesiti yeWashington, kwaakadzidza mutori wenhau, mutambo uye akatora chikamu muzvigadzirwa zvemudzidzi wechitambo.

Kuratidzwa kwokutanga kwehupenyu hunopandukira

Nguva dzose kupesana naamai vake kwakakonzera unhu hwakapandukira waFrancis Farmer. Nyaya yemuitevedzeri, zvichida, inogona kunge yakasiyana, kana isiri tsika yekudzivisa huchenjeri hunowanikwa. Musikana anonzwira tsitsi nemasangano evanhu evanhu vasingatendi Mwari uye kuenzana kwepasi rose uye nekuendesa nguva dzose kune pepanhau rinonzi "The Voice of Retribution" muna 1935 inopiwa rwendo kuenda kuSoviet Union. Pasinei nekupikisa kwamai uye kupomerwa kwevanhu kwekunzwira tsitsi kune communism, Francis anoenda kuU.SR. Iye anopandukira anoda kuzviratidza zvakasununguka maonero ake pamusoro penyika yevashandi nevashambadziri, uyewo kuti azive chikoro cheRussian theater, achishanyira mukurumbira weMoscow Art Theatre.

Hollywood

Paari kudzoka, musikana anosarudza kuchinja muupenyu hwake uye kutora kuita basa. Muna 1936, tarenda duku yakatumira kuNew York, kwaakasangana neA agent Paramount Pictures, iyo inofanidza kuedza kwemukomana wechidiki. Kuonekwa kunotyisa uye inzwi rehupenyu raFrancis Farmer haana kusiya vaiti vese vasina hanya, uye studio yakasayirwa naye kwemakore manomwe echibvumirano. Saka iyo nyaya yeHollywood yemuitevedzeri inotanga. Basa rokutanga Francis mufirimu "Vabereki Vakawanda Kwazvo", rakabudiswa pazvikwereti muna 1936, rinogamuchira rave kuongororwa kwevatsoropodzi. Pane kuchinja muupenyu hwake hwehupenyu hwake, iye anozivawo mutambi weLeif Erikson pachidimbu chemufananidzo , iyo yaanochata mugore rimwe chete. Nzvimbo yekumusoro kweHollywood star, Francis Farmer, inotanga. Filmography inoramba ichizadzikiswa nemabasa matsva. Mufirimu yemimhanzi "Rhythm Pamakumbo" Francis anoita basa guru revakadzi, uye shamwari yake pachigadzirwa inova mukurumbira weBing Crosby. Murairiki Samuel Goldwyn anopa Murima basa rakaoma mumutambo we "Uya Uitore" kubva munhoroondo yaEdna Ferber. Francis akanyatsotarisana nebasa racho, vatsoropodzi uye vanhu vanokoshesa mifananidzo yavo yakasikwa naamai nemwanasikana, basa iri mufirimu iyi rinonzi ndiro rakaoma uye rakanakisisa basa romusikana. Francis ari kushanda nesimba, uye muna 1937 mafirimu aine chikamu: "Exclusive", "Unofarira New York" uye "Otliv." Zvose zvinongedzera kune ramangwana rakanaka remusikana.

Kupikiswa kweHollywood kunotonga

Pasinei nokubudirira kukuru uye mukurumbira wayo, haana kunzwa kugutsikana kwakakwana nebasa raFrancis Farmer. Mafirimu uye mabasa ayo aipiwa kwaari, muiti wemitambo aifunga kuti akazvimirira. Maererano nenyenyeredzi, varairi vakamutumira basa iro rinomiririra kunze kwedata rekunze, asi usati razarura tarenda yake inoshanda. Nokudaro, Francis aigara achikwikwidzana nevatungamiri veyo studio, yakanga iri nechisimba pakupfura uye yakaramba kupinda muzviitiko zvenyika zveHollywood. Munguva imwe nguva apo mafirimu epafirimu aitaura kune nyeredzi mitemo yekufambisa mune zvese zvehupenyu, hutsika iyi yaifungidzirwa yakaipa fomu. Nokudaro, maitiro ekutsvaga muhurukuro akatsiviwa ne caustic nyaya kutsoropodza mutambikadzi.

Theatre

Nechinangwa chekuwana kushandisa kwakakodzera tarenda rake nekuzvisimbisa semusikana mukuru mukuraira muna 1937, Francis Farmer akabva kuHollywood ndokuenda kuConnecticut kuti atore chikamu mumitambo yemitambo paPinebrook. Ikoko nyanzvi yeHollywood yefilimu inonyatsoziva mutungamiriri weHarold Krumman uye mutambi wemitambo Clifford Odets uye anobvuma chikumbiro chokubatana neboka remitambo iri pasi pekutungamirirwa kwavo. Nenguva isipi yekutanga maitirwoti "The Golden Boy" nekubatanidzwa kweMurimi. Kunyange zvazvo mutambo wemusikana wacho wakasangana nokusagamuchirwa nevatsoropodzi, kubudiswa kwechitambo nekuda kwekuita kwake kunowanzozivikanwa, uye Murimi anoenderera mberi nechitambo. Pakati pebasa rekubatana pamusoro pekushanda pakati paFrancis naClarfford Odets, imwe nyaya yakatanga. Muchengeti wechirungu ainge akaroora uye, kusiyana neMurimi, akanga asingazoparadzi imba uye kutora mitezo mitsva. Mutori wenhau aifunga maitiro aya ekutengesa uye kupomerwa Odets yekuti iye akashandisa iyo kuwedzera kukosha kwekugadzirwa.

Dzokera kuHollywood

Kutevera mitemo yesungano neParamount Pictures, Francis Farmer anodzokera kuHollywood. Anoramba achienda, uye munguva yake isina nguva inobatanidzwa mumitambo ye Broadway, asi haauye nemusikana wacho kubudirira. Francis anonzwa akaora mwoyo uye achiwedzera kuderedza kushungurudzika nedoro. Iyi nzira yehupenyu haifaniri kuenda kumusikisitendi kuti ave akanaka, iye atova hutano hwakaoma, akawedzererwa nehangover, anoramba asingatsvaki. Francis anonyanya kugadzirisa uye anowanzovhiringidza kupfura, maitiro ake anodzorera vaiti, uye kubva muna 1939, basa remuiti wechitema rave richichiradzika. Francis anowedzera kupa mabasa echipiri, uye muna 1942, studio inoputsa chikamu naye. Mune nguva kubva muna 1938 kusvika muna 1942, Murima akarayira mune mafirimu "The Curve of the Curve of the Miles", "South Pago-Pago", "Golden Stream", "World Premiere", "Badlands of Dakota", "Pakati Penyu", "Mwanakomana weFury: Nhau Benjamin Blake. "

Zvinetso nemutemo

Upenyu hwemhuri hwomutevedzeri hunopawo zororo, mugore rimwe chete ra1942 akarambana naLeif Erickson. Kukundikana muhupenyu uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hunoita kuti uwedzere kudhakwa. Nokufambisa mumamiriro ekudhakwa nekunyomba mapurisa mukushanda kwaFrancis kwezuva rinowanikwa pasi pekusungwa pamapurisa eSanta Monica. Dare rakamutongerwa kuti aiswe mujeri kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye chidimbu chemadhora mazana mashanu. Mutambi wacho anobva atora chikamu uye anogamuchira nguva yakasimirirwa. Kunouya ruvara rwakasviba, kushungurudzika uye zvinokanganisa zvino zvinozadzwa nehupenyu hwaFrancis Farmer. Zvinyorwa zvezvimwewo, nemitambo uye zvikwereti, muiti wechitarisiko akanga achimirira, asi kusvuta kunowanzoitika, uye basa mumabhaisiko haawedzere. Mukuwedzera, muitiro wakaipa zvakare unozviratidza, uye muna 1943 mhirizhonga itsva yakapoteredza Francis. Mucheri we studio akapomera Mulimi wekukuvadza muviri. Sezvo chikamu chechipiri chechikwereti chechivi chekutanga chakanga chisati chabhadharwa, Themis akazosimbiswa, uye mutambi wechikadzi akazviwana zvakare kumashure. Dare rekuteerera raive rakati, Murimeri akadiridza mapurisa ane kutuka, akapomerwa mhosva yokuputsa kodzero dzavo dzevanhu, pakupedzisira akakanda kuvhara mutongi. Panguva ino, mutadzi uyu aisagona kupona mujeri. Pamberi pemapuranga, Francis akanga asiri kwenguva refu, mamiriro ake akawanikwa asina kugadzikana, uye munguva pfupi hama dzakakwanisa kuwana Farmer akatamira kune imwe chirwere chepfungwa yehurumende. Ikoko, vanachiremba vakaona Francis kuti "manic-depressive psychosis" uye akaziva kuti haana kukwanisa.

Kumanikidzira muzvipatara

Mukufamba kwemakore masere akare, Francis akazoongorora nekurapwa mumakiriniki akasiyana-siyana epfungwa. Munguva iyi, Murima akawanikwa akawana schizophrenia uye akashandisa kushungurudzika kwe insulin uye kuyeresa magetsi kumusana. Mutambi wechiitiko aiwanzotiza kubva kumakiriniki mushure mekutambudzwa kwakadaro, asi akadzorerwa zvakare. Kubudirira kugumisiro mukurapa kwaigona kukwanisa kuongororwa kwepfungwa veWalter Freeman, uyo akatungamirira transloglobotomy. Basa racho rakabudirira. Mamiriro emurimi akavandudzwa, uye kuziva kwakagadziriswa, uye muna 1950 akasunungurwa kubva kuchipatara pasi pekutarisira mai vake.

Upenyu hutsva

Kudzokera kuSeattle, Francis anoshanda paImbai "Olympic" pakutanga kokushambadzira kushanda, uye zvino mutungamiriri. Muna 1953, Murima akadzorerwa kune kodzero dzevanhu. Pane imwe nguva, Francis akaziva mutori wenhau ndokunyora nyaya pamusoro pake. Ichi chakavandudza chido muchitenzi. Murimi akakokwa kuti atore muzviratidzwa zveTV "Iyi ndiyo hupenyu hwako." Ikoko akaudza nezvekudhakwa kwake, iyo yaakavanza iye kutanga mushure mejeri, uye zvakare kumakiriniki epfungwa. Mutori wenhau ava ane nguva mbiri yekuroora. Muna 1951, akaenda kuAlfred Lobley, asi akatotanga muna 1957 akasangana naLeand Mikesell, uyo anoshanda semutsigiri weterevhizheni. Pakati pavo panotanga rudo rwechisimba, uye Francis anoenda kuSan Francisco nevanodikanwa. Muna 1958, Murimi akagamuchira kurambana uye akaroora Mikesell. Mune ruzivo rwakafarirwa mumunhu wake, Francis akaita basa mufirimu "Cayfolom." Iyi firimu ndiyo yekupedzisira mumabasa ake efirimu, mushure mokunge Hollywood yakakanganwa nezvake nokusingaperi.

TV

Zvikamu zvakati zvekare zvinosanganisira Murimi mune zveterevhizheni zvakakurudzira kutanga kweterevhizheni uye kusikwa kwekuzviratidza kwake. Talent Francis akazviratidza mune humwe hutsva, uye munguva pfupi paiterevhizheni zvionepo purogiramu yekuratidza "Francis Farmer Presents." Kwenguva yakareba purogiramu yakanga yakakurumbira kwazvo, asi muna 1964 kukanganisa doro zvakare kwakazviita. Murimi akamborambana zvakare, uye kuratidzwa kwake kwavharwa. Mutori wenhau anoedza kudzokera kunhandare yemitambo, asi doro panguva ino inozopedzisira yasvika, uye pamwe chete nebasa raMurimi raakagumisa pakupedzisira. Mutambikadzi Francis Farmer akafa muna 1970, akakanganwa nevanhu uye vanoyemura.

Afterword

Pashure pekudhinda "Ndizvo chaizvoizvo zvichava mangwanani" naFrancis Farmer, mufananidzo wezvinyorwa. Vanhu vose vachava nhoroondo yekugara kwavo mune zvipatara zvepfungwa. Nyika inodzidza pamusoro pemhirizhonga yehutongorori, kuongorora kunoseka kwechiremba nekunyadziswa kwevarwere. Uye muna 1982, zvikwangwani zvichabudiswa firimu "Francis", iyo inotaura nezvenguva inoshamisa yemusikana. Basa raFrancis rakashingaira rakagadzirwa naJessica Lange, nokuda kwebasa rake raakagadzwa kuva Oscar. Kurt Cobain, mutariri mukuru weboka reNirvana, rainzi Francis Farmer rake musevi uye akazvitsaurira rwiyo kwaari. Mucheka Gaultier, anonyatsozivikanwa seMerien Farmer, akachinja zita rake sechiratidzo chekuremekedza mutambikadzi.