Nomuparadzi chirongwa 956 "Sarich": hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha

Zvikepe basa iri chingaitika zvikuru hombe muchikoro chacho. Vakanga aronga kuyangarara akawanda nokuda Navy wedu. vaparadzi makumi mashanu vokutanga chinzvimbo - a armáda nani kupedza rengarava yose. Uyewo, multi-chinangwa hunosanganisira kushandiswa kwavo kugadzirisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Head nomuparadzi "Modern" (chirongwa 956) akanga avata pasi 1975, wokupedzisira chikepe pane akatevedzana kwakatangwa mukupera 1993. Makumi mashanu vakaronga zviumbu kupinda basa Navy of USSR uye muRussia 17. Four nechikepe pasi Chinese mureza. Zvikepe zviviri zviri conserved, vaviri vari padariro mazuvaano, mamwe maviri - muhondo yacho Northern Fleet, vamwe zvakanyorwa kure. Chii chinoita kuti vakawanda nesimbi kwakadaro achicheka youngish, pamusoro wengarava Dzidziso vezvikwata?

Nei Soviet Union aida vaparadzi itsva

Zvikonzero kurambirwa vakawanda zvikepe chirongwa 956 kuti kutsvaka munguva aenda refu. Maiva muna nemakore mashanu, paiva anotambudzika chakajairika, yainzi mugungwa "Khrushchev kuti kukundwa." Kudhaka vabudirira epamba raketostroiteley kwakatungamirira chikuru zvine urongwa zvakakomba. Mukana ane ichipfuurira akaramba yakafanira vimbiso chokuparadzwa mose, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti hapana chikonzero chiri remunharaunda pamberi Soviet Navy, uye nechokwadi kuti zvakanga zvakaoma pasina kuvapo ari zvombo zvikepe makuru. Zviito squadrons, vari pabasa munzvimbo dzakasiyana sectors pakati kure mumakungwa vaiomerwa (nokuti vashoma vezvikwata, achiumba dzavo "Musimboti" uye anomupa kuramba). Vatakuri muna USSR havana kuvakwa nokuda kwavo kudhura, vaparadzi zvirongwa kwokutanga (pr. 30-2 uye 78) ngarawa (Eks. 68), akavaka pasi Stalin uye "nedorezanny" Khrushchev, kwete yechinyakare chete, asiwo munyama kusakadzwa. Rengarava replenishment akabvunza ngarava ano tonnage guru, akashongedzerwa - on ndima chete chitundumuseremusere launchers - a atirari simba. saizvozvi chakaumbwa Newest muparadzi Project 956, kudiwa nokukurumidza iyo yave ainyatsonzwisisa pashure hombe-pamwero muviri "Ocean", yakaitirwa muchirimo 1970.

Chii muparadzi uye nei uchifanira nayo

Nomuparadzi - pfungwa imwe tsika pane akazadzwa chaicho. Chokwadi, rwangu hakungoitwi maoko, asi nokuda kwayo motokari chinangwa asi vanogamuchirwa navies vazhinji kirasi nyika frigates, izvo zvaizoitawo hadziwirirani tsaru sailboats. Nomuparadzi chirongwa 956 "gora" (yaiva bumbiro remitemo) yakagadzirwa kuita zvakawanda muhondo mishoni, izvo zvinogona kuva yakawandisa BOD (hombe Anti-yepasi pemvura chikepe), anoumba hwaro Soviet Navy mukupera sixties. Pamutemo, chinangwa chacho chikuru akanga akagadzira kutsigira moto kumhara, kwakunoitwa kudzvinyirira zviduku zvevhu huru, kuona mhepo uye chombo kuzvidavirira zviyero vaidzika uye achiparadza zvikepe fungidzira mupikisi. Zvinonzi zvakare akaronga kuudza BOD (pr. 1155), iro unounza kunyatsoshanda kuti vaviri kwakadaro kune kurwa nezvaanogona zvikuru akura panguva iyoyo, American frigate "Spryuens". Zvichienderana zvinangwa muparadzi chirongwa 956. Ngarava mutengo iri bhajeti zvinodhura, izvozvo kuvaka pahwaro yokuzvidzivirira dzidziso kongiri, kunyanya kana totaura guru akatevedzana.

Pakuonekwa uye anoparadzirwa ukoshi aesthetics

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti uto michina chitarisiko hakusi kukosha sezvo kwayo functionality, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Basa sei chaizvo anotarisa muenzaniso kazhinji kunoenderana ndingangokuvara inobereka chitarisiko muvengi, kuti pasina hondo, anogona kuita basa rinokosha iri kukura makakatanwa, uye zvichida kuzvidzivisa. Kubva musi pafungidziro ichi, pakusika, uye muparadzi chirongwa 956. The womuenzaniso photos kuti chaipiwa Mutungamiriri IMF Admiral S. G. Gorshkovu pakupera 1971, yakanga vanotenderwa kukonzerwa kune zvinotyisa pamberi chikepe, ayo kwakavanzika panze uye anoparadzirwa maturo, izvo zvinogona kubudisa siluetti rayo pashure pakuonekwa mudziyo munyanza. Marongerwo, yakavakwa muna 1:50 scale, wengarava Vakuru vaifarira: zviri zvikuru kunoenderana dzidziso vatorwa wokuti Soviet Union uye akaratidza mberi mune zvesainzi yechipiri yezana XX remakore. Asi, chokwadi, zvakanga kwete chitarisiko - hwaisangova nyore S. G. Gorshkov, kuti zvinonyatsorehwa pfungwa chirongwa kuongorora muparadzi 956. Features chikepe zvaikosha, uye vaitaurirana pamusoro seaworthy chaizvo.

utsanzi shipbuilding

Rokutanga magadzirirwo nyanzvi mune shipbuilding aifarira kwete chete nemachira. The chikuru zviri kwokunze pakuonekwa chikepe rakava chomumba kwedzimba, ayo munotapira uta, vakabudirira nekutumirwa kwemauto zviri atirari zvombo huru moto, nzvimbo dzedenga kudzivirira mugadziriro panhivi (izvo akapa mikana yakanaka inoshandiswa pakutsigira yakawanda) uye yakakwirira kukwira radar antennas (nokuti nani radar ongororo). Hull urefu parinoperera inokwana shipyards ndivaitire. A. A. Zhdanova akanga haafaniri kupfuudza 146 metres uye wakafara makubhiti mamita 17. The Kugadzirwa nevakawanda dzematongerwe shipbuilding chikepe vaiva vokutanga vaishandisa michina zhinji. Vanoumba uta muchikumbira vasiri kutsvaira (kukwira 7 pfungwa mufaro) pakaunda chinozunguzirwa, bhodhi kuitwa ne miviri kutsemuka pamusoro kuderedza maonero. Paiva nezvimwe zvinhu kusiyanisa muparadzi chirongwa 956 Mifananidzo shop dzinoitwa uchiwirirana yavo yakatambarara zvisinei contours, iyo inovandudzika zvikuru workability naro. Dzimba rakakamurwa kuva gumi neshanu risingapindi mvura nezvikamu, vachandipfugamira "bulbous" pemvura chikamu kwete chete kunoderedza zvuva, asi ariwo yaizogara pambiru hydroacoustics (CIM-335MS, zviri kunzwisisa "Platinum). Rationally ndikarangarira simba nokuomesa okunze ari nzvimbo kunonyanyisa mupfungwa.

simba chirimwa

Zvazvakashatira dzino zvikepe anozivikanwa nyanzvi funga yechinyakare simba chirimwa. Nokuti ichi chaiva chikonzero. Pakusarudza rudzi turbine S. G. Gorshkov zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti bhaira redunhu, achiramba gasi. Izvi zvakaitwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu USSR gurukota Shipbuilding B. E. Butomy, munhu vaifunga pfungwa huru mutoro South turbine chirimwa uye kuti nerubatsiro mafuta huni kugara mune imwe nguva achava vakareruka kupfuura Diesel. Somugumisiro, muparadzi Project 956 akanga vakapakata mapatya bhaira-turbine chirimwa ane zvachose inokwana 100 zviuru. Marita. a. Nhasi zvakaoma kupa misoro kupima uye kutaura zvikuru nyasha chisarudzo ichi kana naro. Chokwadi ndechokuti mukutanga 70s paiva chinzvimbo chirongwa kuumba kumukira mune muzvigadzirwa chinoumba ramjet KTU, kana kubudirira, anovimbisa kuti rakasiyana nemamwe, asi hazvina kubudirira. Pakupedzisira, taifanira kumira pamusoro romuzvarirwo vakwegura kumusoro-kumanikidzwa boilers, tikaona, zvarwo, maiwe. Uye mumwe nharo dzavo nyasha kwakanga kune hama cheapness mafuta emotokari. World simba dambudziko akabata uye USSR.

cannons

Underestimating zvakapfuura emakore basa atirari mu nepagungwa yemitambo remapazi muchiuto akatungamirira CB "Sevmash" ruoko muparadzi "Modern" (Project 956) maviri akabatanidza zviyero AK-130, vakagadzirira pamwe chete "Leo-218" multichannel Kutarisira gadziriro (MP-184). Nhungamiro miseve pahwaro mashoko akapiwa radar siyana Finder (Laser) uye terevhizheni mano, uye kupatsanurwa digitaalinen kombiyuta vachiridzira parameters. Zvombo inosimbisa michini zvazvingava rinosvika 90 rds. / Maminitsi, kure kwazvo 24 km. By atirari simba muparadzi chirongwa kwazvo 956 battleships muHondo Yenyika I, yakanga isina zvimwe zvombo zvimwe pane kanoni. Weight akapa kupfura anoshongwa (miniti imwe) ndiyo matani anopfuura matanhatu.

Anti-ndege atirari nevasori kudzivirira kubva zvakaoma vanonangwa (kusanganisira rwendo zvombo) uye rinopa mbiri munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva pobortno 30mm zvivako AK-630M. Kurongwa izvi zvinosanganisira-dhiramu matanhatu mvura kutonhora ezvinhu kudzora kushandisa michina "pennant". Vanokwanisa yakarova mukuru-nokukurumidza zvinhu ari chinhambwe 4 km ane mwero 4 zviuru. Vaitenderera paminiti.

zvinokandwa

Zvombo zvinokandwa nomuparadzi "gora" akagadzirirwa kukurira mhepo uye gungwa kunangwa. Complex "Hurricane" (mushanduro yazvino "Hurricane dutu") riri vakashongedzerwa chete danda launchers, vachiridzira ZURami. In nechimwe vaviri zvombo PU - 48 ndege asingandirayiridzi zvombo. "Hurricane" - chombo nokudenga, zviri zvikuru akakodzera kuparadzwa pamusoro zvikepe tonnage diki (semuenzaniso, chombo kana Avangard magwa). Nhamba yakawana nhovo akaparadzwa - kuti nhanhatu (kana kutanga ose mumasekonzi 12).

Specialised antiship kuzvidzivirira muparadzi chirongwa 956 Anoita "mosquito" ( "Mosquito-M") yakaoma, ZM-82 vakapakata zvombo. miti miviri, izvo munodzivirirwa kuchengetedza, rimwe nerimwe rine projectile mana. Complex rwisana nharaunda iri 120? Km (170 pa "Mosquito-M"). Zvombo supersonic (M = 3), kuti vazhinji putika mu vachiridzira mundiro mupanda - vatatu quintal. All masere ZM-82 inogona wakabudiswa mukati hafu miniti volley chikwata chikepe kuzvidzora enyika.

Terms dzebasa

"Gora" zvakanaka nezvikepe zvizhinji Navy nani mamiriro ezvinhu habitability. Nomuparadzi akashongedzerwa rimwe chete kugadzwa microclimate ichipa hwomutambarakede ezvinhu panguva imwe zvokunze tembiricha kubvira -25 ° C kuti +34 ° C. Nokuti vamwe wechi vashandi kushumira 16 forecastles inokwana 10 kusvika 25 vanhu panguva iyoyo mumwe mukwasvi ane kune imwe nzvimbo kupfuura 3 m². Warandi mukuru (quadruple) uye mukuru (kuroorwa uye kaviri) vane cabins 10 mativi mamita. m. Two wakapamhama wardroom uye zvitatu dzokudyira vakajaira kudya. On bhodhi pane zvose zvaunofanira kurarama kure wadzo Mahombekombe: mabhaisikopo, waya TV, raibhurari, redhiyo dzakawanda, vakasununguka inopfunha sauna. In inopisa okunze, varayirwa mukuru chikepe kunogona kuvakwa dziva.

Inside the chikwata pane zvokurapa kiriniki, miviri insulator, chipatara uye uchishandisa nzvimbo.

Conditions ose habitability nenyaradzo pamusoro Project 956 vaparadzi havasi muduku kune dzimwe tsika, izvo zvakakanganisa aina zvinogona zvikepe izvi.

dzakaoma

Basa akasikwa kuvinga munyika kushandiswa, uye pamberi kuparara Soviet Union kuti kutengeswa nezvikepe ichi mhando haana kunyange mubvunzo. Gumi vaparadzi akabatana Soviet Navy munguva 1976-1881 makore, mumwe nomumwe wavo kwaibva avhareji yemakore mana. Zvikepe yakasvika kuna North (nhanhatu) uye Pacific (masere) fleets vakatora chikamu pamwero mukuru wengarava muviri, kuti nzendo refu, uye ushamwari kushanyira dzimwe zvengarava.

Mumakore okupedzisira makore Soviet uye pakarepo pashure pokuwa USSR zvinhu zvakachinja. Mavara akaderedza hurumende mari. The zviri warship asingadi kuuya husingakoshi. Over gumi, kakawanda akanyorwa kure, akaramba ari panhengo vaparadzi mashanu ichi mhando, vamwe akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara kana mothballed. "Admiral Ushakov" Makore gumi gare gare (muna 2011), kurwisana basa akatakurwa ari Northern Fleet ane mumwe chete nomuparadzi Project 956. "Persistent" waiva flagship pakati kuBaltic Fleet, uye "Quick" yaiva Pacific Ocean. Kune zvitatu chete namanomwe aripo chikepe kuvakwa.

Panguva ino, vakawanda mugadziriro zvombo giredhi "Sarich" yechinyakare. A vakaronga mazuvaano Project 956 vaparadzi pamwe rwendo zvombo Re-vaifungidzira uye itsva mhepo uye chombo kudzivirira enyika. Zvinodiwa yokutsiva uye Anti-Avangard kuzvidavirira. Panguva mukugadzirisa unhu vaparadzi zvakanga zvakanaka kwazvo. Range autonomously ne 4,5 zviuru. Miles, kumhanya uye simba pamusoro-bhodhi atirari kurudzira rengarava vehondo varegedze wakakwana kushaya kuti midziyo kubva pabasa.

Mazuvaano uye kunze kwenyika

Two konekwa chikepe, vakagamuchira kwenheyo zita "Kukosha 'uye" kufunga ", ipapo zita" Ekaterinburg "uye" Alexander Nevsky ", pakutanga kwezana makore chiuru apera uye kutengeswa China. The chirongwa chiri aina waivako yave kuchinja uye vano bumbiro remitemo 956 E. Names of Chinese zvikepe - "Hangzhou" uye "Fuzhou", vaibva 2000 kusvika pari zvino kushumira senhengo Eastern Naval Fleet Vanhu vaJehovha Rorusununguko of China. Mazuvaano Project 956 vaparadzi dzinoti "E" (ekisipoti) zvine chete simba zvinomera uye zvimwe zvombo nehurongwa.

kuchinja More chakakomba vakaitwa anotevera zviyero zviviri akagadzirirwa nokuda Chinese romugungwa. 956EM nomuparadzi chirongwa kwakatosiyana nadzurudzo ari "E" kukura, Anti chikepe zvombo pamwe nevazukuru siyana "Mosquito-ME" (vabvise kutumirwa nenzira nharaunda ine 200 km) uye mutsva Anti-nendege chombo uye atirari zviyero "Chestnut". The aft nepfuti mirwi yokurwa yakatsiva neherikoputa hanga. Basa iri, vaparadzi miviri ( "Taizhou" uye "Ningbo") yakavakwa muna 2005 uye 2006.

Kana kutengeswa midziyo miviri yokutanga prc they akatsanangura kunyanya kunzwisisa zvemari mamiriro ezvinhu post-kwokutanga nguva, chibvumirano romugove inotevera vaviri anganzi wokumwe akabudirira oparesheni. In pakati ezana remakore idzva rokutanga yatova aripo pamusoro hurongwa mudzinza mazuvaano yeRussian muchiuto, kusanganisira chiuto. Panguva iyoyo, ngarava vakasikwa zvikuru mberi pane muparadzi Project 956, ine pikicha kwakabatana yakapfuura eras. Muhombe superstructure uye akawanda antennas kuwirirana pakuonekwa fleets remakore rapfuura. Sezvineiwo, China haana kurasa, akatenga simba uye yakavimbika kurwa zviyero, nokuedza kwake Navy.