Nyika urongwa rondedzero: France. France: The nyika nhoroondo. France sezvivako tsika

France - mumwe mukuru nyika munyika, iyo iri kuumbwa, zvinogona kunzi, mumoyo Europe. Nemhaka yayo yakanaka nenzvimbo nzvimbo sezvo nhoroondo ivepo, zvave kukwanisa kupinza tsika pemarudzi mazhinji vaigara munharaunda yayo, marudzi avo vakakunda naye nyika, uye vaya uyo akanga ushamwari. Chero muverengi ruzivo urwu nyore uye nyore kunzwisisa, edza kukuudzai zvose pamusoro payo. Ngatitaurei shandisa nyore rondedzero yacho urongwa. France iri pamberi pedu unoriumba achinyepera kuti zvakanga yaingowanikwa ari kure yaitonga, uye zvishoma nezvishoma tinosvika nhasi.

Prehistory

Mumazuva iwayo, kana kumaodzanyemba nyika dzokuEurope rikabudirira tsika yekare, pamusoro nharaunda kuchamhembe nharaunda musha mamwe madzinza yomusango, iyo, kunyange vakanga nzira yavo youpenyu, asi haana kutsvaka pfeka pawo kusaroora. Panguva iyi, nharaunda kuitwa France yainzi Prehistoric Brittany, sezvo yaigarwa kunyanya Bretons. Gare gare, rudzi yavo wakafananidzwa pamwe vaCelt, Gauls uye Iberians, ichiri kunzi madzitateguru vose vari ikozvino kugara France. Nhoroondo yacho munguva iyi yakawanda rinyerere sezvo kunyora pacharo, madzinza ava, uye vose mhedziso kuti anogona kuita nyanzvi dzemazuva ano, anobva chete pamusoro monoliths kushumira sezvo nhoroondo Zvivako kakawanda avo, uye zvemumba.

Brittany achichinja kubva zvoutsinye kusvika kare

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vose kuti chikamu chikuru Europe kusvikira Ages vakanga ufuza. Kwakanga kusina Kusara uye nyika France, iyo panguva nheyo Western hweRoma akanga atova zvakakwana pakazara nokuda Gauls. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanhu ava vari kuda budiriro, vakaonekwa netsika dzayo neururami, asi ayo mugumo kukura nemagariro Vasvika. The Roman Emperor Gaius Yuliy Tsezar, pamwe dzakawanda dzimwe inoti nenharaunda, pasi nawo, idzi, rwakazokura kuzivikanwa Gaul. Kubvira ipapo, zvizvarwa zvemo akatanga kutaura muchiLatin, riri zvakasimba hwakakanyiwa vemo tumitauro. Zvinogona vakafunga kuti panguva iyoyo akaberekwa mutauro ano French.

Middle Ages

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kupfuura rima uye kwakakwidibira yenhoroondo ine midzi yawo ari 486 gore - panguva kuwa Western hweRoma. Kubvira, nyika yedu iri kuchinja uye ronga rondedzero. France ipapo akauya pasi nesimba vaFrank, ndudzi ndokunanga Clovis. Akapa nyika inonzi "vechiFrank nehurumende" uye akazova muvambi rokutanga merovingian dzinza. For wakakurumbira zita iri kuteverwa hapana zvishoma mbiri mumapeji nhoroondo yaAugust vanhu - Carolingians. MUVAMBI yavo, Pepin ari Short uye mwanakomana wake Karl Veliky akasika chinopa simba mamiriro, izvo ravanofanira chikamu chikuru Europe uye ane kwazvo-yakasimbiswa upfumi uye hondo.

Inotungamirwa pamiganhu ano uye nehurumende gadziriro

Muzana rechi10 remakore, hurumende iri kumadokero chikamu Europe, pamutemo vakagamuchira zita France. Cultural Zvivako vakanga chakavakwa - hwakawanda mumachechi nemisasa ari Romanesque manyorerwo. Kunyange dzinogarwa nharaunda, migwagwa kuti akaumba maguta makuru (Paris, Orleans), dzakavakwa vaduku dzimba zvachose Romanized pamwe conical matenga uye yakananga nezvikumbaridzo. Tikafunga sei pachena chechi uye enyika tsika yacho, uye akabata hondo dzakawanda. France akapinda kurwisana nezvombo pamwe Italy, Germany uye England, asi zvikuru akakurumbira munhoroondo yacho varambe nevaIslam. Dzakatangira, zvinokonzera uye zvose zvakavanzika zvaigamuchirwa pamusoro nzira vakashinga Knights anogona kutaura kwemakore. Asi tikacherechedza zvishoma nhoroondo iyi, tinoona kuti musimboti vakarwa pakutenda kwechiKristu, izvo zvakare uye zvakare kuratidza uye kunyange kwakaitwa munhu wose Panyika.

Education uye Reformation

Mumakore akatevera nehurumende akasangana zviitiko zvakawanda zvinonakidza, izvo dzakachinja sectors zvose zvoupenyu. Saka, zvose misi pazasi, isu kupa muchidimbu, achiunganidza navo chete sezvo rondedzero toronga nyika. France kubva 1598 aenda kuburikidza Dynasties zhinji, vamiririri izvo vakarwa sezvo ropa nokuda raivapo ndima, uye nokuda kukunda. Saka, vakauya pasi chokwadi kuti muna 1789 kwaiva French Revolution uye nemigumisiro yayo yakanga mahwanda weSeneti. Pashure pokutanga muumambo ichi umo musoro akatendeuka Napoleon akaziviswa. Pashure yakakundwa nenyika dzokuEurope zhinji, uyewo Egipita, akasangana Kukundwa muRussia muna 1812, uye umambo hwake Zvaparara. Kubva 1814 kusvika 1830 nyika yave kuzivikanwa nokuda hunyambiri umambo, vakatanga iyo akava Lyudovik Xviii uye Charles X. Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo hurumende Haasisina gravitate hondo, kumukira uye nezvimwe litigation, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuwana vanongogara mazuva ano hurongwa.

Vanhu France nhasi

Nhasi, nhamba yevanhu vanogara Continental uye ruwa France, avhareji mamiriyoni 65. Pamaguta kupfuura vaiona kupfuura urbanized Paris, Lyon uye Marseille. Zvikurukuru dzinonakidza musoro ndiyo chikamu French vakawanda, tichifunga nezvokuti hapana chinhu chakadai "nyika" kana "mavambo kwemadzinza" munyika vasingadaro. Zvakaita kuti vatende kuti 90 muzana yevanhu vanogara munyika - ndiye dzinza French. The yasara 10% inogarwa Armenian vaJudha Breton, Catalan, Alsatians, Corsicans uye Flemings.

Religion uye mutauro nyaya

Zvino edza kuita inobva madzinza Kuronga mutauro, uyewo imwe nyika rechitendero inotsanangura urongwa. France - a democratic chaizvo uye vakasununguka mamiriro, iyo kudzivirirwa kubva chero zvinofurira kudivi chechi kana mamwe masangano. The zvenyika hunhu uye kushaya mitemo yakasimba ndokubereka vaiita kwaita haazivikanwi moods vari munzanga, uye dzimwe nguva hakuna Musiki. Kunyange zvakadaro, 31% weFrance akasimbisa kuti vachiri kutenda muna Mwari, kana kupfuura ari yepamusoro simba. Maererano mutauro wenyika, ruzhinji kwevanhu anotaura French. In kure nharaunda uye neyenyika vanhu vanoshandisa tumitauro, kwakavakirwa German, Corsican uye wokuItaly.