Occipital pfupa riri revanhu kana mhuka dehenya: Photo uye mamiriro

The occipital pfupa yeDehenya, pikicha kuti chinopiwa munyaya, ndiye unpaired. It riri neshure pasi musoro. chaikosha ichi inoumba chikamu kwedenga uye zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe hwaro. Kazhinji kubva kuchikoro kunzwa mubvunzo: "occipital bvupa Nemadehenya - sandarara kana tubular?" Kazhinji, zvose chakasimba zvinhu musoro ndivo chete marongerwo. Occipital pfupa, uyewo vamwe, vari sandarara. Rinosanganisira wandei okunze. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Occipital pfupa rimwe dehenya: Anatomy

chaikosha iri kwakabatana zvenyama parietal kubudikidza sutures. The occipital pfupa yeDehenya zvinosanganisira migove mina. It ane cartilaginous uye membranous mavambo. The occipital bvupa Nemadehenya yemhuka zvinosanganisira:

1. Scales.
2. Two articular condyle.
3. Muviri.
4. Two jugular muitiro.

Pakati akati zvikamu kunounza buri. Post therethrough kunoitika pakati uropi uye musana Canal mhango. Human dehenya occipital mapfupa articulates pamwe chinhu achikanganisa uye 1st remuromo vertebra. Zvinosanganisira:

1. Scales.
2. Condyles (lateral guru).
3. Muviri (basilar chikamu).

Pakati pavo guru pore. Ivo cranial mhango zvakabatana kuti musana mugero.

pakafunuka

Chinhu spherically zvakaumbwa ndiro. Kunze kwayo pamusoro ndiye convex, uye dzimwe - concave. Tichitarisa nemamiriro occipital mapfupa ari dehenya, vanofanira kuongorora nemamiriro ndiro. On rayo pamusoro varipo:

1. The protrusion (inion). Ngachipiwe muchimiro yakakwirira pakati pachikero. On palpation zvakanaka zvakakwana kuti akanzwa.
2. Occipital nzvimbo. It chinomiririrwa mafunurwa mugove pamusoro fungidziro.
3. Highest nuchal mutsetse. Rinotanga kubva pamusoro pamuganhu INION.
4. Nuchal pamusoro mutsetse. It Anomhanyira pamwero pakati rezasi muromo uye chepamusoro kumahombekombe.
5. Bottom mutsetse. Chobudira pakati rokumusoro pamucheto uye occipital buri.

Yomukati pamusoro

Rine:

1. Cruciform kukwidza. It riri mharadzano womukati muhomba uye muforo wacho transverse uye mukuru sagittal sinus.
2. Internal protrusion. It riri panosangana ari venous sinuses.
3. Internal muhomba.
4. Mihoronga, imwe sagittal uye vaviri transverse sinuses.
5. Opistion. Izvi Nokuzivikanwa pfungwa. It unoenderana pakati rwemberi pamucheto foramen magnum.
6. Basion. Izvi zvimiso kubva pfungwa unoenderana pakati pamberi pamucheto foramen magnum.

Yomukati pamusoro ane ruyamuro scale, izvo anokonzerwa chimiro uye pfungwa membranes pedyo nazvo.

lateral uremu

In sezvamunoita kwavo rine:

1. Jugular kwendangariro. Ivo kushomeka Panovhurwa chete zita panhivi. zvinhu izvi dzinoenderana vertebral transverse kwendangariro.
2. Sublingual gwara. Ndiye kubva kurutivi uye pamberi foramen magnum. It aripo XII tsinga.
3. Condylar ndima anoda seri condyle. It aripo emissarnaya Vienna.
4. Jugular tubercle. Riri kumusoro mugero ari hypoglossal etsinga.

muviri

Zvinomirira mberi. Top uye pamberi muviri ikakohwewa. It akasiyanisa:

1. Bottom penyika. It aripo pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal suture kuda nzvimbo.
2. Vaviri dzokunze Mitsetse (kumicheto). Vari zvakabatana kuti remazera zvenyama maatomu akafanana.
3. Scat (pamusoro penyika). It nechinangwa mune cranial mhango.

The lateral Chikamu matombo pasi paburi kusiyanisa sinus.

nekunyatsotsanangura

The occipital bvupa Nemadehenya uye rinobatanidza kuna mujinga kwedenga zvinhu. It anoita somunhu kubatana pakati musoro nomuzongoza. Sezvo ini ataurwa pamusoro apa, pane kufunga musoro chokuita nhengo yacho achikanganisa uye occipital mapfupa ari dehenya. Mhando coupling - synchondrosis. Connection chinoitwa nomukombiyuta pamberi pechiso muviri. Sezvo ari parietal mapfupa occipital articulated rwakashodoka. In Nzvimbo kwakajairika kubatana pfungwa iri. Inonzi "lambda". Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinofanirawo dzakaonekwa interparietal pfupa. Zvinonzi aumba kubva pamusoro pachikero uye vakaparadzaniswa nayo pedyo transverse musono. Sezvo zvenyama bvupa Nemadehenya occipital chinhu articulated majoini:

1. Petro-jugular. Jugular muitiro articulates pamwe tenderloin zvakafanana zita iri zvenyama pfupa.
2. Petro-basilar. The lateral Chikamu pechingoro zvakabatana kune petrous maatomu akafanana.
3. Occipital-mastoid. Mastoid mugove articulates pamwe rwenyama pasi musana ndege nhengo.

With Atlanta pasi convex penyika condyles kwakabatana kusvikira concave chikamu 1st vertebra kwemitsipa. Pane aumbwa Joint mhando diarthrosis. Mairi pane Kamudzira, synovium, shwashwa.

mwanda

Ivo dzaitaurwa muchimiro membranes:

1. Front. Riri pakati mujinga pfupa uye kwedenga pakati atirasi.
2. Back. tsapo ichi rwakaramba pakati migove rwemberi vertebra kwemitsipa uye occipital buri wokutanga. Rinowanikwawo mune runoenzanirana penyika musana mugero.
3. Lateral. Kamudzira ichi chinobatanidza jugular muitiro pamuchinjikwa-vertebral.
4. The pechifukidziro. Zviri zvakawedzerwa longitudinal rwemberi Kamudzira kurutivi pamberi yakakura. tsapo ichi zvinoenda periosteum zvinhu dehenya chawo.

Uyezve, pane:

1. Alar nemarunda. Vanoenda lateral chikamu guru buri.
2. zino shwashwa. Chobudira kubva muitiro pamusoro 2nd vertebra kwemitsipa pamberi kumucheto hombe buri.
3. Zvachero aponeurosis. It wanamatira pamusoro yokumusoro nuchal mutsetse.
4. Deep aponeurosis. Zvinonzi ndee pachishandiswa ari occipital mapfupa.

tsandanyama

Ivo vokutoruma:

1. Occipital soro mutsetse. Pane ndee pana mudumbu epicranius.
2. Upper nuchal mutsetse. Kune wakaiswa bhandi, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius tsandanyama. Panzvimbo payo wakasimba uye occipital chiputu netsandanyama.

Pasi mutsetse vari wakaiswa

1. Direct tsandanyama rwemberi musoro diki. Zvinonzi vasiyana spinous muitiro womunhu 1st vertebra kwemitsipa.
2. Back guru twasu. Vari makamuisa kune spinous muitiro womunhu 2nd vertebra kwemitsipa.
3. Oblique yokumusoro tsandanyama musoro. Zvinonzi vasiyana transverse muitiro womunhu 2nd remuromo vertebra.

Brain (zvakaoma goko) uye utano hwake

Kurutivi micheto ari transverse grooves wanamatira tentorium cerebelli. Jeko uropi yakatarwa navaivanda mugove. Iye wanamatira kumicheto pakati grooves ari pevane sagittal sinus. Falcula pazvinhu occipital romukati penyika. Kuburikidza jugular foramen vari yegwara tsinga:

1. Glossopharyngeal (IX).
2. Vagus (X).
3. Extension (XI). musana Midzi yake nomunyika foramen magnum.

On condyles anoyera mugero kuburikidza hypoglossal etsinga chiutsi anoenda XII.

kukuvara

The nemamiriro occipital bvupa Nemadehenya zvokuti zviri kwazvo kubatwa zvokuimba kukuvara. Zvisinei, vanogona kuva pamwe zvakakomba, mune zvimwe zviitiko, nokufa kwomunhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti occipital pfupa rimwe dehenya inodzivirira optic etsinga. Uye kungakonzera kuvadza zvakazara kana rushoma nokurasikirwa kukwanisa kuona.

marudzi akuvara

Zvinotevera kukuvadza:

1. kutsemuka mwoyo pamusoro occipital mapfupa ari dehenya. Anobva zvokuimba zvazvinoita ane sevakagurika chinhu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uropi kazhinji unowira pamusoro zhinji mutoro.
2. Comminuted kukuvara. It kutyora kuvimbika chinhu, aine paumbwe zvimedu inosiyana. Izvi zvinogona kuguma kwazvinoita uropi mamiriro.
3. Linear pakakuvara ari occipital mapfupa ari dehenya. Uyewo rinomiririra kutyora kuvimbika maatomu akafanana. Panyaya iyi, kukuvara kunowanzoguma mitswe mamwe mapfupa, chipaparadzungu uye pfungwa contusion. Kwakadaro kunotevera radiograph sokunge nhete zviuno. Anogovana dehenya, kureva, ake occipital mapfupa.

Last kukuvara inozivikanwa mukuti misha zvinhu hama mumwe - hapana kupfuura sendimita. kuchinja uku kunogona rwakaonekwa uye kwete chero nenzira dzinooneka. Kukuvara kwakadai kazhinji kunoitika muna vana panguva kushingaira kutamba. Kana mwana rinopembererwa pashure pakupunzika nomusoro uye kuda kurutsa, unofanira kubvunza chiremba.

chinokosha nyaya

Skull anogona kukuvaradzwa, iro kunokanganisa foramen magnum. Muchiitiko chino, vane akuvara uye pfungwa tsinga. The mufananidzo zvekuchipatara kunoratidzwa bulbar zviratidzo. Zvinonzi pamwe zvinetso zviri kufema uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa. Migumisiro akuvara dzakadaro zvakakomba zvakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kuva kutyorwa zvimwe mashandiro anoita uropi, uye osteoma namafupa pamutsipa, uye kunyange rufu.

TBI

Kune mhando huru matatu uropi:

1. Chipaparadzungu.
2. Kudzvinya.
3. Injury.

Vakawanda Zviratidzo ane chipaparadzungu zvinosanganisira kufenda mamiriro nguva mumasekonzi 30. kusvika hafu yeawa. Uyezve, munhu akacherechedza kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, dzungu, kurwadziwa mumusoro. Mukana pfupi-rokuti kuyeuka, kushatirwa, ruzha uye chiedza. Panguva iyoyowo kukuvara nguva kuti occipital pfupa uye chipaparadzungu vakachengeta chiratidzo yakaoma. Minor Kukuvara anoratidzwa kurasikirwa chavanoziva. Kungava pfupi (maminitsi mashoma) kana wokupedzisira kwemaawa anoverengeka. Kazhinji akacherekedza rutivi rwomuviri kuti tsandanyama dzechiso, kutaura zvirwere. Kana zvakuvadza mwero nekuomarara segwapa maitiro akaipa vevaanodzidzisa kuti chiedza, hapana nystagmus - involuntary twitching ziso. Kana chakakomba kukuvara wacho anogona kuwira kwemazuva anoverengeka ari pakoma. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo zvingaitikawo compression wouropi. Izvi imhaka kukura hematoma. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, compression kunogona kukonzera edema, kana pfupa zvimedu. Kazhinji ichi ezvinhu kunoda pakarepo kuvhiyiwa.

migumisiro

Kukuvara of occipital mapfupa anogona kukonzera munhu ane mativi visuospatial agnosia. Ichi chirwere vanachiremba vanodana kutyorwa akasiyana siyana maonero. Munhu wacho, zvikurukuru, haagoni kuona uye kunzwisisa nzvimbo chakasara nezvazvo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanhu vanofunga kuti akatyoka dehenya, zvavakange vagamuchira, hadzibudisi ngozi kwavari. Zvisinei, mune chero zvayo kukuvara, pasinei kwokuomerwa kudiwa kuenda kuchipatara. No Zviratidzo proyavlyayayuscheesya mamiriro pakutanga mumatanho zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba.