Pakukura marasha nembiya reRussia: unhu uye zvemaBhaibheri marasha mugodhi

Rakajairika munyika simba zvekuvaka anoonekwa kuti marasha. Aiva rudzi Zvisaririra huni, uyo akatanga kushandisa vanhu vokutanga. Nhasi muRussia pane dzakawanda guru mugodhi uye kugadzira zvinomera. Gare gare munyaya anopiwa hunhu Russian marasha nembiya.

tsananguro

Mumakore achangopfuura achishingaira dzakabudirira mafuta uye gasi uye marasha nembiya weRussia. RF ane hombe matura mbishi zvinhu. Zvisinei, kwete okunze zvose kubvumira vangu pamwero zvakakodzera. Coal achimiririrwa zvisaririra rekare Freshwater zvinomera. Ichi Zvisaririra chinotsva ndiye mhando mbiri. Kupatsanura pakati marasha kuitwa maererano ayo calorific ukoshi. Varidzi inonyanya anthracite yepasisa - lignite. High-mafuta marasha yaishandiswa simbi indasitiri, uye shoma-mafuta - iri simba zvekutepfenyura.

indasitiri budiriro

Pakapera 1980 yakawedzera yose simba rakawanda. Chinonyanya ndichibvunza tifambirane aona pakushandisa marasha. Saka, pamwe gore rimire pa 0,9% muna 1984 uye 1994. Mumakore gumi adarika iri kudyiwa Tourism kwakawedzera kunyange zvakawanda - kusvika 2.7%. Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa, kuti marasha reserves munyika vanofanira zvakakwana kwemakore 120. Huwandu zvachose RF maindasitiri vhoriyamu ndiyo 23%. Domestic kuchera uye kubudiswa zvivako vanoumba chete kwemauto zvoupfumi nhasi, zvizere musika chidimbu. Anenge zvose makambani nemasangano zvinobatanidzwa munzvimbo iyi ndivo private pfuma muchikwata.

Bhuku mafuta ari Russian Federation

Huru Russian marasha nembiya ane anenge 4 tiririyoni matani fungidzira reserves. Idzowo vanenge 30% yenyika yose. Ndicho chikuru pakati zvose nyika zvenyika. Russian marasha nembiya ane hombe reserves zvicherwa wayo subsoil. Nokuda kunyika iri mutungamiri kukura uye kutengeswa mafuta. Kubvira 2009, zvakanga pave nguva refu bhuku kunze kwenyika. Maererano Federal Customs Service data, hazvisi matani asingasviki mamiriyoni 8.5-9 zvachose ekisipoti vhoriyamu nokuda 2009 marasha -. Mamiriyoni 103 matani. Mafuta kuparadzwa zvose kumatunhu munyika. Russian marasha nembiya dziri muna 26 zvidzidzo. Vamwe vavo vakava kubva nguva Soviet. Next achapiwa tsanangudzo pfupi wokuRussia marasha nembiya.

Wokutanga munda

Of Kunyanya kukosha mune indasitiri vane Kuznetsk uye Pechora marasha nembiya weRussia. Yokutanga yakavhurwa 1721. Zvisinei, kukura kwake zvakawanda akatanga muna 1920. Muna 1934, Pechora bheseni mukudenga. Kuznetsk munda iri kumadokero chikamu kuSiberia, muna Kemerovo mudunhu. Pechora bheseni iri muna Komi Republic uye Nenets zvionera District. The nzvimbo - 26, uye wechipiri - 90 ^{km2 ..} Izvi zvikuru Russian marasha nembiya anopa guru chikamu Vhoriyamu dzakabudirira. On mundima Russian Federation ane minda makuru maviri vari dzakabudirira. Kansk-Achinsk uye South Yakutia Russian marasha nembiya vanoonekwa ne zvakasiyana ezvinhu okuwana. Kana munda rokutanga riri munzvimbo yakanaka nzvimbo, wechipiri - iri utsinye okunze, izvo zvinoita zvakaoma kutanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, mugove iyo weveta marasha nembiya Russia zvakakwirira zvikuru. Nharaunda rakavhurika chikamu Kansk-Achinsk deposits - 45 zviuru km ^2, zvachose nharaunda yeSouth Yakutia -. 25 zviuru km ^{2 ..} Russian marasha nembiya dzakabudirira mugodhi kana gomba rakashama. Kusarudza kunobva okunze, remoteness kubva vakawanda munzvimbo ine dzakabudirira kwezvivako. Saka, Pechora Basin raiva mhiri peArctic Circle. daro ichi, pamwe chete utsinye okunze ane chinokosha kukanganisa mari mbishi zvinhu. Kudziviswa budiriro uye South-Yakut madziva.

Kuznetsk zvangu

dziva ichi Anotambanudza kuti 800? km achitevedza Trans-Siberian njanji / D mutsetse. munda uyu ndomumwe vaikudzwa nzvimbo munyika reserves peturu. Nezvokuvandudzika anenge 60% muna Russian indasitiri. Munda munzvimbo yakanaka okunze uye Geological ezvinhu. Izviwo, inopa hwakanyatsorwisa pasi mari marasha. He Kuznetsk dhipoziti akasiyana duku padurunhuru kugutsikana (4.6%) uye yakakwirira (8.6 kcal) mafuta, pasi-phosphorus, uye nesarufa. Dzakananga kupisa 6-8.5 zviuru. Kcal / makirogiramu. Dziva riri dzichiitika zvinokosha matura coking marasha. Inzwi ravo -. About mabhiriyoni 643 matani pakukura kwangu rinoitwa, uye akazaruka nzira.

Pechora bheseni

It dzinounzwa 9 maindasitiri nzvimbo. Kupfuura kudzidzwa uye nyanzvi ndiwo: Halmeryunsky, kuVorkuta, Worgen Shor uye Inta. Anotarisirwa marasha reserves mumudziyo iri matani anenge mabhiriyoni 213., Mabhiriyoni 8,7 zviri mwero. Extraction rinoitwa kunyanya Akanyatsovharwa nzira. Izvi imhaka vanoshorwa okunze. Zvisinei nzira yangu kunovimbisa soro chatingatevedzera anobudiswa mbishi zvinhu.

Kansk-Achinsk munda

Yakafara zvichisiyana 50 kusvika 250? Km. Pool iri muzvikamu zviviri: okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero. Uchitikurudzira Geological kumucheto uri mukati mabhiriyoni 600 matani. Nokuti kukura nzira yakakodzera nezvazvo 140 Bln. The marasha-kubereka stratum deposits akanyora kunayisa Jurassic. Huru maindasitiri ukoshi ane inotungamirwa simba. It iri repamusoro jengachenga. Mazimbe zvinganaka vane manyowa sezvamunoita. The mwando zviri lignite - 21-44% Sarufa - 0.2-0.8%. Padurunhuru zviri chinotsva - 7-14%. Akaturikidzana vari akaronga pedyo pemvura iri chinjikira. Kansk-Achinsk munda ari kugadzirwa rakavhurika nzira. Izvi akwanise ne yakanaka Geological ezvinhu, chikuru dura yakawanda simba pamusoro munzvimbo yakakura.

South Yakut deposits

Zvinonzi munzvimbo iri Aldan rwenze. Kureba anenge 750? Km. Sezvo chikamu dziva riri dzinounzwa shanu inobereka marasha-nzvimbo: Gonamsky, Usmunsky, Tokyo, Ytymdzhinsky, Aldan-Chulmanskaya. General matura matani anenge mabhiriyoni 24.17. Pano nhema Semi-inopenya uye kupenyerera marasha. The mwando kugutsikana mairi 0.7-1.4% sarufa - 0.3-0.4%. Padurunhuru zviri zvicherwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana 10-18%. Total fungidzira reserves kutonhodza zvinhu, kufungisisa kumabvazuva chikamu Khabarovsk vari matani anenge mabhiriyoni 41,4. Kugadzirwa bheseni kwakaoma kwete chete kune utsinye okunze, asiwo vasina pokugara chokufambisa. Panyaya iyi, vanhu vade kudhura uye zvikaramba mbishi zvinhu.

In mhedziso

Russian marasha nembiya rwakakosha kuti upfumi vakawanda uye maindasitiri zvikuru. Pakati huru mabasa ehurumende ndiwo mubvunzo kuti tiwedzere logistics kumaruwa makuru matura mbishi zvinhu. munda kukura uye rine mazano kukosha. Paaisika anodiwa ezvinhu kuti Implementation okuwana, nyanzvi zvaachaitawo mukugadzirisa uye zvokufambisa, uchatanga imwe ndichibvunza kukura kumaruwa. A nzvimbo inokosha inogarwa nemari Implementation mabasa aya. Kunyanya, vaizotibata mirayiridzo ehurumende anoonekwa kukwezva wokumwe uye mudzimba vanoita zviri kupfuura Russian marasha nembiya. Panyaya iyi, pari pasi pave anobudirira zvirongwa, iri Implementation izvo achabvumira nyika kuramba achitungamirira nzvimbo yaro iri mugodhi indasitiri yose.