Pamwe nekurutsa yenhaka pachishandiswa mutemo muna Russian Federation

Sezvaunoziva, nhaka inogona kuitika nekuda kana nemutemo. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, imba yacho yakakamurwa pakati pevakatsiva kuti zvive zvakakosha. Ndezvipi zvikamu zve nhaka nemutemo muRussian Federation zvichataurwa mubhuku rino.

Apo paine nhaka nemutemo

Mutemo wehurumende unosimbisa iyo nhaka nemutemo inogona kuitika chete kana imwe yematambudziko anotevera aripo:

• Hakuchina chido kana mauri mhedzisiro yekuti haisi yose ye testator inoratidzwa.
• Muhurongwa hwakasimbiswa nemutemo, kuda kwacho kwakaratidzwa kusina kukodzera.
• Vatsigiri vanoratidzira mukuda kwavo vakaramba kugamuchira nhaka, vasipo, vakafa, vanoregererwa kodzero yekuva nhaka.
• Kana pane vagari venhaka pamwe nekodzero yekugovera chikamu.
• Nefa recheat.

General information

Maererano nemitemo, vagari vese vakanga vari vapenyu pavakafa we testator, uyewo vana vake, vakaberekwa mushure mekufa kwake, vanogona kugamuchira nhaka. Kudanwa kwevakatsiva kuva nhaka kunogadziriswa maererano nemirairo. Izvi zvakatevedzana nehuwandu hwehukama hwee testator nedzimwe hama. Nheyo huru yekugara nhaka nemutemo ndeyokuti hama dzepedyo dzinobviswa kubva pakugamuchira nhaka yevamwe hama. Pakazara, zvino mutemo wehurumende unopa zvikamu zvitanhatu zvefa nhaka nemutemo. Pakati pevangagari vagari venhaka iye zvino (kusiyana neiyo yapfuura) ikozvino inosanganisira vanaamai vokurera, vana vekurera, vanababa vokurera uye vanasikana vekurera, vanhu vakachengetwa nevakafa, hama, kusvika padanho rechitanhatu rehama, pamwe nehurumende.

Mutemo wevanhu vevanhu, iyo inogona kuva vatsigiri, inotsanangurwa. Nhamba yavo, yakaratidzwa mu Civil Code yeRussian Federation, yakwana, haigoni kuwedzerwa. Pamusana pekuita pasi pekufungisisa, tsanangudzo yakasimba yefa inhu hunhu, izvo, kutendeuka kwega kwega kwega kune mukana wekuva mugari wenhaka kunze kwekushaiwa kwemuganhu wekare wenhaka nemutemo. Neshoko rokuti "kusavapo" kunonzwisisika pano kwete kungovapo kwevanhu chaivo-vagari venhaka, asiwo mhaka apo ivo vanoregererwa nekodzero, vakaramba kugamuchira pfuma yemufi, havana kuigamuchira panguva, kana kuti vakaonekwa vasina kukodzera.

Kuve pakati pevatsigiri vemutsara mumwechete mukuwana nhaka inogoverwa muzvikamu zvakaenzana. Kunyanya, kana imba yemunhu akafa yaparadzaniswa ikava mai vake nemudzimai, avo vari mumutsara wakafanana, ipapo vachawana nhaka nenzira ye ½ kugovera mumwe nomumwe. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti, haikwanise kupfuura, somuenzaniso, 1/3 yegove, uye imwe - 2/3 yegoverwa nzvimbo yekugara.

Kutanga kutendeuka. Vana

Chokutanga kune vose vatsigiri vemunhu akafa ndiye mudzimai wake, vana nevabereki. Vana vanogona kugamuchirwa, pamwe chete nekuberekwa mushure mokufa kwake, asi kwete mushure memazuva mazana matatu kubvira panguva yechiitiko ichi. Pasi pevabereki zvinorehwa zvakare uye vabereki vanorera. The Civil Code, pakusarudza ava vagari venhaka, inoreva mitemo yemitemo yemhuri, maererano nezvinodiwa kuti ione kuti ndeupi hama uye kuti kugoverwa kwenhaka kunodiwa nemutemo.

Vana ve testator vanogona kudanwa kuti vagamuchire fuma yavo mushure mekufa chete kana kuonekwa kwavo kwakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo nemitemo yakagamuchirwa, kureva, maererano neMhuri Code. Vana vanoberekwa kubva kuvabereki avo vakaroorwa, zvirokwazvo, vachagara nhaka kubva kuvabereki vose. Asi avo vakaonekwa muchato chisina kubhadhara vachakwanisa kugara nhaka kubva kuna amai vavo, uye mune dzimwe nguva kubva kuna baba vavo. Kana hurumende ikasimbiswa zviri pamutemo (kunyange kana vabereki vasiri mumhuri yakanyoreswa), saka vana vanogona kuva vatsigiri kumutsara wokutanga wenhaka nemutemo.

Muzviitiko izvi kana munhu asina kuroorwa nemudzimai, asi akabvumirwa nezviito zvake nemabasa ake kuti ndiye baba vemwana wake, uyu mwana, mushure mekufa kwebaba vake, anogona kushanda kudare. Ichokwadi chekuberekwa kunogona kusimbiswa musangano rekutonga. Pamusoro penheyo yematare, mwana akadaro anogona kuva mugari wenhaka yekutanga.

Kana vana vakaberekerwa muwanano, iyo yakazowira yakaparadzana, baba vavo vachiri kufungidzirwa kuva murume wavo wekare. Kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo muchato wapedzeredzwa pakati pevanhu unoonekwa seusina kunaka. Kana vana vakadaro vakaberekerwa mumitambo yakadai, saka sarudzo yakadaro yedare rekuziva kuti imba isina kukodzera haibatsiri vana nenzira ipi zvayo. Pano mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinjwa chete nechiito chekutonga, maererano nezvinosimbiswa kuti waimbova mudzimai wako, somuenzaniso, haasi baba vemwana, kana kuti baba mumwe munhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, vana pavanogara nhaka kubva kumudzimai waamai kana waimbova nemudzimai, vana vakadai vachabatwa sevanotsigira pasi pemutemo wekutanga kwefa nhaka nemutemo. Izvi hazvirevi pane chaiyo chaiyo yehutano uye huchabatwa kusvikira imwe nzvimbo yakaratidzwa mune yakarongeka.

Iko kunofanirwa kuverengwa kuti havasi ivo chete vana ve testator vanozvarwa vanogona kuva vatsigiri vake. Saka, pamuviri vana vanogonawo kunge vakadaro, kana vakaberekwa vasati vapfuura mazuva mazana matatu mushure mekufa kwababa vake. Pano, zvakare, mitemo yeMhuri Code yakashandiswa, maererano nevana vanoberekwa vasati vapera mazuva makumi matatu mushure mekurambana, kuonekwa kwekuroorana kusina kubhadhara kana kufa kwewakaroorana naamai vevana ava, vanoonekwa sevana vomudzimai waamai vakadaro.

Kuregererwa kwekodzero dzevabereki hakupindirani kodzero dzemwana uyo uyo, mushure mekufa kwevabereki vakadaro vasina kukodzera, achava mugari wenhaka yekutanga yefa nhaka nemutemo. Hapana mimwe mitemo, yakadai sekugara pamwe chete kana yakadaro, inofanirwa kana kubatana kwevabereki kuchibvumirwa zviri pamutemo.

Vana avo vakagamuchirwa kwenguva yakafanira vachamirirwa sevatsigiri kuvabereki vavo vatsva, uye panguva imwechete havazogari nhaka mushure mekufa kweamai vavo chaivo uye baba.

Kutanga kutendeuka. Vakaroorana

Mudzimai weafa achapinda muhoro wekutanga wefa nemutemo, kana panguva yekufa aive muwanano yakanyoreswa pamwe nemuenzaniso. Inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti imba yakadaro inofanira kubhadharwa nemitemo yakagamuchirwa. Imba yemhuri yakagadzirirwa nenzira isinganzwisisiki iyo isingazivikanwi nehurumende, somuenzaniso, dzimwe tsika dzechitendero, pamwe neukama hwepabonde hwemurume nemudzimai, munharaunda inonzi "mararamiro ehurumende," haazoiti seyakakodzera. Nokudaro, "vakaroorana" vakadai havazogari nhaka yevamwe mushure mekupera.

Mushure mekuparara kwehukama hwemhuri pakati pevanhu, avo vekare vakaroorana vanorasikirwa nekodzero dzavo dzefa kana vakaponesa murume wavo wekare (mudzimai). Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, imwe pfungwa inonakidza. Ino ndiyo nguva yekurambana. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kurambana kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nehofisi yekunyora kana kuburikidza nehutongi. Kana kukanganisa kwemuchato kuchiitika mudare, saka kupera kwakadaro kunonzi kunopihwa panguva yekupinda kushanda kwebhuku rekutonga rakakodzera. Nokudaro, kana murume kana mudzimai akafira pakati penguva iyo mutemo wekurambana wakasimbiswa nemutongi asi asati awana simba rawo repamutemo, mukadzi iyeye anopona achaonekwa achiri kushanda, uye kwete wekare, saizvozvo, pasina mubvunzo achave nekodzero dzefa. Mutsara wokutanga wenhaka nemutemo uchava wewakadaro.

Zvinotarisirwawo kusiyanisa pakati pekurambana nekugamuchirwa kwemumwe wako kumunhu akafa muruvanze. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kunyange kana mudzimai anenge achiripo akapinda mushure mekufa kwee testator mune imwe imba, iyo ichazonyorwa mubasa rakakodzera, iye acharamba achidaidzwa kuti awane nhaka.

Kutanga kutendeuka. Vabereki

Pamwe chete nevana uye vakaroorana, vabereki vane ropa rehama pazera rakakwira rinokwira vanobatanidzwa munzvimbo yekutanga. Kodzero yavo haibatanidzwi nezera ravo kana kuremara. Kungofanana nevana, vabereki vanoita kodzero dzavo pamusana pekuberekwa kwevana vavo (yakatanga) yakagadzirirwa nenzira yakakodzera. Kana uine nhaka kubva kuvana, mitemo yakafanana inotorwa, uyewo nhaka kubva kuvabereki. Vabereki vanorera vanofananidzwawo nevabereki, pamwe chete, uye munharaunda inowanikwa nhaka vane kodzero dzakafanana, chero chii chingava vabereki venyama.

Vabereki ivavo vakashandura kurega kuzadzisa mabasa avo ekurerwa nekuchengetedzwa kwemwana, avo vakadzingwa kodzero dzavo dzevabereki nevanhurume mumatare, havasi nhaka yeimba shure kwekufa kwevana vavo, asi vanozivikanwa sevadyi venhaka. Uyezve, vabereki vanorera havazovi vagari venhaka, kana kubvumwa kwakadaro kwapera. Kana vabereki vasina kuregererwa kodzero dzavo kumwana, asi zvishoma chete, havakwanisi kutsanangurwa nevasati vatsigiri, vasingateereri izvozvi.

Grandchildren

Nzvimbo yekutanga yenhaka nemutemo, sezvinotsanangurwa nemutemo wehurumende, inotorawo kuti vazukuru ve testator vanogona kupinda mairi. Pasi pevazukuru vanoreva vana vechipiri-degree testator, avo vari munzira yakananga ichidzika kubva kwaari. Inogona kuva vana vakadai semwanakomana kana mwanasikana, kana vana vanogamuchirwa na testator.

Zvinotendwa kuti vazukuru vanomiririrwa nevatendi vemutambo wekutanga nekodzero yekumiririra. Izvozvi, vane kodzero yepfuma, kana panguva iyo nhaka yakavhurwa, kuti mubereki wavo uyo aizove mugari wenhaka yekutanga rokutenderana nemutemo haisipo. Vakuru vangave vasiri ivo voga vagari venhaka nekodzero yekumiririra. The Civil Code hairi kupa pachena, asi inofungidzirwa kuti, kunze kweivo, nekodzero yekumiririra, vana vavo, uye kazhinji vose vanobva mumadzinza eropa vari mumuganhu wakarurama, vanogona kuva vagari venhaka. Apo kugovera zvikamu zveimba yevakafa kune vakadyi venhaka, mugove wakadaro unokonzerwa nekodzero yekumiririra, iyo ingadai yakarasikirwa nomubereki wavo afa. Ichi chikamu chakagoverwa muzvikamu zvakaenzana.

Semuenzaniso: kana munhu akafa akafa ane mwanakomana akafa asati avhura nhaka, ipapo vana vomwanakomana uyu akafa (vazukuru ve testator) vachabatanidzwa mune nhaka. Nhaka yose ichagoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pavo. Panguva imwecheteyo vazukuru vakadai vanobvisa kubva kune nhaka yevatadyi venhaka dzose dzinotevera. Kana iyo testator ine vana vaviri, somuenzaniso, mwanakomana nemwanasikana, uye nenguva yekuzarura nhaka iyo mwanakomana akafa, ipapo iyo ichagoverwa seyotevera: hafu kumwanasikana, hafu yechipiri yakagoverana zvakaenzana pakati pezukuru va testator.

Chikamu chechipiri. Sisters nehama

Kunze kwemigwagwa 8 yenhaka nemutemo, hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi dzevakafirwa vanoshanyira yechipiri. Sezvatotaurwa, maererano nehutano hwekutanga, vanogona kuva vagari venhaka mukushaikwa kwevanhu vose vanogona kuva vatsigiri vekutanga. Ivo vanoonekwa sevanotsiva mumutsara weafteral of degree yechipiri yeukama. Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvisizvo kuti hama nehanzvadzi dzine vabereki vanowanzofa nevakafa, chimwe chazvo chakakwana. Iko ndiko kuti, vatsigiri vechikamu chechipiri vanosanganisira zvose zvakakwana-nevana nehafu, hama. Izvo hazvina basa kuti ndeupi mubereki mumwe chete aine - amai kana baba. Munguva yekugoverwa kwenhaka yefa yehama kana hanzvadzi yakafa, hanzvadzi dzehama nehanzvadzi dzine kodzero dzakakodzana nehanzvadzi dzakazara nehanzvadzi.

Hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi dzisina vabereki vanowirirana nevakafa, avo vanonzi vanobatanidzwa, havana kodzero yekugara nhaka nemutemo. Nzira dzevadyi venhaka dzevakadaro vasina kudzingiswa hazvizvibatanidzi pachavo.

Nezvevana vakagamuchirwa nevabereki vemunhu anofa akafa, tinogona kutaura kuti vane kodzero dzakafanana nevana vanozvarwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana akaberekwa ari akaenzana mune kodzero dzaro kune hama dzekuropa kwete chete chete maererano neanotora, asiwo kune dzimwe hama dzevabereki vakadaro. Somugumisiro, vana vakagamuchirwa nevabereki vemutongi vanove nekodzero dzakafanana nevana vavo uye vachafananidzirwa vagari venhaka dzechikamu chechipiri pasina chero zvipingamupinyi maererano navo.

Mune mamiriro ezvinhu apo, semuenzaniso, hama mbiri dzinoparadzana kubva kune umwe nekugamuchirwa mumhuri dzakasiyana, kushamwaridzana kwavo kunoratidzika kuregerera, saka hama dzakadaro hadzigoni kugara nhaka.

Chikamu chechipiri. Ambuya nakurukuru

Mutsara wechipiri wenhaka nemutemo, kunze kwehanzvadzi nehanzvadzi, inosanganisira mbuya nakurukuru kune vagari venhaka. Zvisinei, kuitira kuti ivo vave vatsigiri, ukama hweropa nevakafa hunodikanwa. Amai nababa vamai va testator vangagara vari vagari venhaka yechipiri. Asi baba namai vebaba vemunhu akafa chete kana chiitiko chekuti mhuka yemwana nevana vakagadziriswa sei maererano nehutano hwakarongwa. Vakatora mai kana baba ve testator vachakwezvawo kune nhaka muchechi yechipiri.

Kugoverwa kwepakati pakati pekuru na vanambuya, hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi dzinotora zvakaenzana.

Nekukodzera kwekuzviisa pasi, vatevedzeri ve testator vanogona kungove vana vehama nehanzvadzi, kureva, vanin'ina nemadzimai emucherechedzi akafa.

Mutsara wechitatu

Nzira yakagadziriswa yekutsvaga nhaka nemurairo inoenderera mberi nekutendeuka kwechitatu, inosanganisira hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi dzevabereki vakafa, ndiko kuti, vanun'una vake nababamunini pamwe nechekukwira kwechikwata chinokwira. Ukama hwemhuri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hunotsanangurwa zvakafanana neukama hwehama nehanzvadzi dze testator, vabereki vake, uyewo vana.

Nezvakarurama zvekutaura, vana vainini nababamunini vomutongi, ndiko kuti, vakoma vake nehanzvadzi, vanobatanidzwa mukutendeuka kwechitatu. Kugoverwa kwemajeri kunowanikwa nenzira imwecheteyo sezvinoitika munharaunda nekodzero yekumiririra mune mamwe mitsara.

Dzimwe hama nehanzvadzi dziri kure ye testator (vakoma vechipiri uye kunyanya) havabvumirwi kugara.

Mimwe misoro

Dzimwe dzose hama dzee testator, dzisina kunyorwa pamusoro apa, ndivo vagari venhaka dzematafura anotevera. Zvinonyanya kusanganisira yekukwira nekuburuka kwemafudzi ehama. Uye kunyange zvazvo mutongi ari munguva pfupi yapfuura akawedzera nhamba yevangagara vagari venhaka, asi mazita avo haasi asingagumi, uye anoguma pachikoro chechishanu chekuyanana. Murairo wakadaro unogona kutaurirwa zvakajeka mukuda kwehurumende, sezvo kusina kwehama kubva ku testator, ndiani angagari nhaka, iyo pfuma ichaziviswa yakatorwa uye ichiendeswa kuhurumende. Kuzvidzivirira pamusoro penhaka nemutemo kunowanikwa kune vakadaro vari kure sevanin'ina vedzinza, vana vazukuru, nezvimwewo.

Chiito chepamutemo chebumbiro rehukama hwepamutemo chinogadzirisa kuti chiyero chekudyidzana chinofanira kutarirwa zvichienderana nenhamba yekuzvarwa inoparadzanisa hama dzevamwe.

Nokudaro, kusvika kumutsara wechina ndewehama dze testator, ukama naye uyo akatarirwa mudigiri yechitatu. Ivo vakuru-vanasekuru uye vanambuyakuru vevakafa. Mutsara wechishanu, pamwe chete, pachava nenhengo dzemhuri dzechidimbu chechina, uyo mutongi ari kutumira vana vevana vavo vega nevanasikana vavo, avo vanogonawo kunzi vazukuru. Mutsva wechishanu, vakoma nevanasekuru vanoramba vachibatanidzwa, kureva, hama nehanzvadzi yaambuya nakurukuru we testator.

Mutsara wechitanhatu vana vevana-vazukuru, vazukuru, vanin'ina, hanzvadzi, vanasekuru, vanambuya. Vanogona kunzi vazukuru vazukuru-vazukuru, vazukuru-vazukuru, vazukuru, vanamunini, vanamunini.

Stephens, vakomana vekurera, vanaamai vokurera uye baba vokurera vari munharaunda yechinomwe yefa nhaka nemutemo. CC RF 8 kutendeuka, ndiko kuti, yekupedzisira, inopa vanovimba - vanhu vasina kuiswa mumiganhu yakasara yenhaka. Zvisinei, vanhu vakadaro vanogona kudanwa kuti vagare nhaka pamwe chete nedzimwe misoro.

Nokudaro, pasinei nezvose zvakaonekwa zvakaoma zvehutano hwezvakakosha, kana tikanyatsonzwisisa nyaya iyi, tinogona kugumisa: iri nyore. Zvechokwadi, mumatambudziko ose ehutano hwekutsvaga nhaka, nyanzvi inofanirwa kutarisirwa, iyo inotungamira bhizimusi renhaka. Ndiye uyo anofanira kudana kugoverwa kwepfuma yose miganhu yenhaka nemutemo. RB (Belarus), pamwe chete neRussian Federation nedzimwe nyika dzeCIS, dzakabatana munyaya iyi, naizvozvo mutemo unotungamirira mutemo wenhaka unofanana zvikuru neyekare nyika yeSoviet camp.