Pfungwa nemagariro: chepamusoro uye sangano

Culture kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, pfungwa tsika dzimwe nguva saka siyana uye kududzirwa kwadzo zvinowanikwa dzakasiyana siyana. Nokuda noupamhi kunzwisisa izwi varipo nharo nyaya, dzakadai: Pane musiyano pakati yemakambani tsika uye tsika sangano? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Culture - kududzirwa izwi.

Pfungwa tsika dzakatangira 160 BC. e. mune zvokurima bhuku Cato Mukuru, munyori, wenhoroondo uye yokutungamirira Ancient Rome. Kusiyanisa tsika uye chitendero chokuita Nyaya dzevanhu unhu. Izwi akanga adudzira zvichienderana dzakasiyana-siyana yaivapo yesayenzi uye nouzivi tsanangudzo. Somuenzaniso, mune mashoko nezvokuva nenyaya tsika: "Culture - Kuzadziswa iri tsika yokunamata uye munhu tsika." In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia Culture anotsanangura sei huripo pane imwe nhoroondo danho, pachiyero dzevanhu uye munzanga kukura, zvinoratidzwa Mhando mabasa evanhu uye sangano upenyu hwavo, uyewo vakasikwa vanhu pakunamata. In Lotman kwakaita yokuti tsika rinosanganisira kuva mashoko pamusoro maitiro evanhu, usina nhaka majini. Daniel Andreev aireva netsika dzose dziripo dzevanhu okusika mukwende. Mazuva ano kududzirwa tsika tsika kusiyanisa raora zvinhu nevanhu kuti vari mukati chaiyo magariro evanhu kuzivikanwa sezvo zvinokosha. mubatanidzwa wavo runozivisa pasocial uye nheyo dzayo pakunamata boka.

Pfungwa okuti "yemakambani tsika" uye "tsika kwesangano"

Kuramba tsvakurudzo, chinangwa ndeyokudzidza upenyu masangano, kutyora pfungwa mbiri "yemakambani tsika" uye "tsika yesangano", anenge achiishandisa sezvo anoreva zvakafanana. By maonero ichi kuuya mudzimba vatsvakurudzi V. A. Spivak, Os Vihanovsky nevamwe.

Asi pane misiyano pakati tsika yesangano ezvokutengeserana. We T. Yu. Bazarova ari vaidavira kuti pasi tsika kwesangano zvinokosha kunzwisisa mukuru zvechadenga sangano, rinosanganisira ukoshi hwayo, kuita kuti kuyera, mifananidzo maitiro, pfungwa nezvechinangwa sangano, nheyo maitiro uye norudaviro mikana. Iye anotsanangurawo yemakambani tsika sezvo unsubstantiated zvekungofungira unganidzwa mune kunzwisisa yakatarwa, izvo vabvuma nhengo dzose dzesangano yakaitwa pamatanda uye hunoronga maitiro nani chikamu chesangano. Saka, pfungwa yemakambani tsika rinosanganisira rakasiyana tsika uye nemaitiro, nomumwe nomumwe zvikuru sangano. AA Maksimenko kuedza kuzochera kusiyanisa tsika kwesangano ezvokutengeserana pamusoro kukura sangano, asi haritauri chii chinofanira kuva nhamba vashandi vacho.

Asi panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa tsika yesangano iri mamwemazwi chokuita "chepamusoro", sezvo asina sangano rose kungava repamutemo. Kana shoko rokuti "chepamusoro" rinoreva tsika nenyanzvi, ipapo achasanganisira tsika uye dzemunharaunda vashandi vaiita imwe nzvimbo uye kushumira sepokutangira kunzwisisa evanhu basa uye kukosha kwaari. Zvino tinogona kududzira "yemakambani tsika" somunhu seboka rokuti, nokupfupikisa sangano tsika emakambani, izvo zviri kuita chete mumunda basa.

Kuedza kupatsanura mazwi maviri aya, tinogona kugumisa kuti pfungwa nemagariro, kusanganisira sangano, rinowanika sezvo yakafarikana, zvakagadzirirwa kuratidza mabasa seboka zvebhizimisi (sangano), paumbwe "chikwata", kugadzirwa rimwe kwokukurukurirana basa vashandi vose. A yemakambani tsika muudzame chinofukidza mabasa chikwata, uye nhengo uzivi, tsika, dzemunharaunda yokuzvibata, maitiro tsika, izvo yakaumbwa musangano.