Prague - guta guru Czech Republic. History, Prague Attractions

Ancient uye zvinoshamisa, yakasiyana uye akanaka, Golden Prague - guta guru Czech Republic. Kwezviuru zvemakore yakura uye vakava nenguva mharadzano dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Chitarisiko Its kuona nhoroondo yose European mapurani: Gothic nhare maberere, machechi Baroque uye Renaissance zvivakwa, chivakwa muna Rococo uye Art Nouveau. muzinda wekare muPrague wayo yakakura dzinoungana uye ichitenderera uye mugwagwa wakamanikana, cobblestone, UNESCO asarudze kuti zvinyorwe kuwanda World Cultural Heritage.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro nyika

Mumwoyo Europe, pakati pezvikomo, rakagumbatirwa Bohemian dondo uye Sudeten wemakomo eJudhiya, ndiwo Czech Republic. Izvi nyika haina nzira yokubudisa kugungwa uye bordered ne Austria, Germany, Poland neSlovakia. MuCzech Republic, zvichida kupfuura kumwe, mumwe anogona kunzwa mafungiro Middle Ages, nokungwarira akachengetedzawo akawanda mumaguta uye maguta, muzinda uye Castle zvivako. Beautiful nharaunda yakanaka puranga kuti mapurani sezvivako.

Contemporary Czech Republic

Somugumisiro, vanonzi vherevheti kurambana (kuparara muna January 1993 Czechoslovakia - Czech uye Slovak Federal Republic) pamusoro political panyika, pane vaviri changamire inoti - the Slovak Republic, guta guru iro rakava Bratislava, uye Czech Republic, iyo yakaramba guru kuPrague.
Mumakore nhoroondo European, zvichida ndicho chete chiitiko apo weboka nyika haina pamwe nemauto kana zvimwe kwemitemo mabasa. Contemporary Czech Republic - a zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende inotungamirirwa nemutungamiri, kusarudzwa dzakakurumbira vhoti. Nhasi, Czech Republic pasi utungamiriri kusarudzwa muna March 2013 President Milos Zeman chikamu European Union uye NATO.

Guta guru

Prague - guru, munhoroondo, tsika uye zvoupfumi "mwoyo" pakati ano Czech Republic, iri nechokuchamhembe kwenyika, pakati muCzech bheseni. It akavaka guta pazvikomo murwizi Vltava uye muzvikamu zviviri: okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero. Zvayaiva kurudyi kumahombekombe Visegrad, uye kuruboshwe ndiye Prague Castle. Nokuda kakawanda anotamisa pachigaro Czech vatongi kubva mumwe kugarwa mumwe vose vakasimuka zvakasimba uye anongoda akabatanidza kupinda chimwe.

Asi pamutemo Huru Prague yakaumbwa chete wokutanga kota remakore rapfuura, mushure guta mitemo akawanda dhazeni rakapotsa akabatanidza kupinda imwe nzvimbo dzakaisirwa. Pamberi raiva guta duku, ndiko chete 20 km ^2. Modern Prague pamepu ndokwenguva nzvimbo anenge 500 ^km2.

Prague ngano

Munhoroondo muzinda Prague ose imba, bindu uye cobblestone kwayo zambuko anogona kuudza yakawanda ngano uye nyaya. Fanned ne ngano uye nheyo guta rino. Mushure Czech madzinza vachitungamirirwa tateguru Cech vakauya uye vakatanga kuongorora nyika yaiva pakati penzizi Elbe uye Vltava, mutongi aiva Prince Krok, iye akamutsa vanasikana vatatu, muduku vacho, Libuse, pashure pokufa kwababa vake vakauya simba. Zvakanga iye, maererano nengano, rakavakirwa mabwe mabhanga ari Vltava Vyšehrad nhare, izvo vakazova yake yokugara. Princess Libuse akanga akangwara kwete chete uye akanaka, asi vaivawo chipo kufanoona. Rimwe zuva, ndakamira pamusoro paneshongwe kumahombekombe Vltava, akakwanisa 'ona "kuti guta dzichateyiwa munguva pfupi, inorumbidzwa inosvikira kudenga rose. Iye kunyange vakakwanisa kudana nzvimbo Castle ino ichavakwa: pachikumbaridzo cheimba, zvinofanira munhu tinkering. varanda yomuchinda pakarepo vakamhanyira kunzvera uye nokukurumidza akawana tenzi munguva Prague mu Czech rinoreva "pachikumbaridzo", mumwe murimi achirima nyore inonzi Přemysl. Libuse vaimuona murume, uye paakanga achiita chikumbaridzo yakatangwa nhare Castle, umo akakura Prague - guta sehofisi dzokugara akawanda zvizvarwa machinda Premyslid.

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika

Masayendisiti anodavira Libuse uye murimi achirima Premysl hapana zvinopfuura ngano hunhu. Kutaura zvazviri, Prague rakaumbwa hapana makore adarika pane 880 pashure Bořivoj, muchinda Přemyslid youmambo wokutanga, akatama yaaigara kubva Hradec nad Vltavou. Nokuti mashoko pamusoro Libuse inowanikwa rinozivikanwa basa Cosmas wokuPrague "Czech Chronicle," uye iye Mikoko navo 623 - 630 makore. Panguva iyoyo, mukuvamba remakore rechinomwe, maererano nyanzvi, ivo Czechs havana statehood uye paumbwe guta ungangova.

Ko zita reguta?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, vakawanda dzakakurumbira dzidziso ndechokuti Prague - guta ane zita rinobva Czech shoko Prah - «pachikumbaridzo». Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti Praha rinobva Old necheSalvic zita uye dzine mabwe Mangondo Vltava kumazambuko. Pane shanduro kuti zita reguta anogona chokuita neshoko pražení - roasting, zazharki, sezvo munharaunda iyi nemaonero yakawanda zviyo, uye zviyo kurimwa yambokurukurwa.

Vose shanduro idzi anobva chete pamusoro kuongorora kwomutauro hurongwa. Masayendisiti Modern vanotenda zvikuru anobata pfungwa pamusoro matombo Mangondo, dzakanga dzakawanda pamusoro Vltava.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Yokutanga yemapuranga Prague Castle rakaumbwa yechipiri yezana IX remakore muchinda Borzhevym. Pakutanga ari X remakore ari mhiri Vltava akamuka Visegrad. Over nguva kumativi ose nhare akatanga kuonekwa achitengesa uye ndege yawo. Saka, pamahombekombe rworuboshwe akaumba nzvimbo Old Town uye kurudyi, pasi Prague Castle, Zvikanganiso akasimuka. By Pakupera XIII remakore, panguva yaitonga mwanakomana wake Premysl Otakar II, Duke pakati Krakow naMambo Wenceslas II weBohemia Prague - guta guru, chikuru uye zvikuru mune zvoupfumi dzakabudirira guta, uyo akakwanisa hwokukurira vamwe.
Ichatonga zvine mbiri guta dzakapfuura rinenge rose XIII remakore uye rakaenderana ushe Yana Lyuksemburgskogo uye mwanakomana wake Charles IV. Zvapedzisira akakwanisa kumutsa muPrague chinzvimbo kuti hweRoma, guta guru, uye pamusoro kukura, zvakanga wechipiri chete kuConstantinople uye Paris. Charles IV munguva yokutonga kwake akaedza kuita zvose kuti aratidze kuti Prague - guta guru kwete chete zvoupfumi, asiwo tsika. Zvakange Ipapo vakavaka Charles Bridge uye yunivhesiti yokutanga, zvakatanga kuvakwa Cathedral of St. Vitus. Zvadaro arhiepiskopalnaya dhipatimendi akasikwa, uye paiva nzvimbo Novo zeme.

zvokukura budiriro

Somugumisiro ari Hussite Wars Prague akaona nguva yokuparadzwa uye kuora. Asi kuguma XV remakore pane zvishoma nezvishoma Kudzikamiswa mutaundi kunotanga kweDzimba itsva uye rokuvakazve aparadza zvivakwa. Panguva ino vachitungamirirwa mapurani Benedikta Rayta anouya Hradcany vavakezve Old Royal Palace.

The "yendarama zera" rechipiri Prague akasvika panguva yaitonga ari Habsburg youmambo, yakatanga muna 1526. YeAustria nevatongi paakapiwa yakawanda manpower nepfuma kukura kuPrague. Muna 1612, pashure pokufa kwaMambo Rudolf II, guta anorasikirwa chinzvimbo chayo sezvo youmambo pa simba zvizere vakatamira Vienna.

Rakatevera nguva yakanga ichatonga zvine mbiri Prague XVIII remakore, izvo rakaenderana National rumutsiriro. Panoperera rino remakore, panguva yaitonga Joseph II, pane sangano mugomba chete administrative nharaunda mana makuru dzomumaguta nzvimbo: Hradcany, Old Town, Town Zvikanganiso uye New Town.

Panoperera XIX - mangwanani XX remakore, apo paiva nokukurumidza kukura bhizimisi uye upfumi, uyewo akawanda European misoro Prague ari kushingaira dzakabudirira uye chiri kukura yekudyidzana. Kuwedzera iyi yakakanganiswa neWorld War First. Czechoslovakia - Muna 1918, yakazvimirira mamiriro rakaumbwa. MuHondo Yenyika II, kubva muna 1939 kusvika 1945, Prague - guta guru State - uyewo dzimwe nyika, yakanga iri muNazi basa. Pashure pehondo uye kusvikira 1989, apo paiva "vherevheti chimurenga" muCzechoslovakia aiva chikamu mugovanisi kwomusasa.

Prague maruwa

Modern Prague rinoumbwa zvikamu zvizhinji, vamwe chakanga emakore sechinhu kuzvitsaurira maguta. Ivo:

• Visegrad;
• Ndinototsvaka zeme;
• Zvikanganiso;
• Hradcany;
• Town New.

Mumazuva akare, havana chete vaiva zvakasiyana utariri mugadziriro uye kuzviisa pasi, mari, asi pakupikisana mumwe, dzimwe nguva kusvika muchiuto chiito. By kuguma XIX remakore zvaida chimiro Old Prague, pakati historiallinen izvo zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakadai Old uye New Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala Strana uye Josefov - Jewish Quarter.

Kuti dziri huru munhoroondo, mapurani uye tsika zvinokwezva muCzech guru. Mumakore akatevera, guta akakura, uye paiva munzvimbo itsva, asi dzinonakidza kuti vafambi zvinhu zvishoma.

Nhasi zvakaoma kwete chete kune vashanyi asiwo zvizvarwa vanhu kunzwisisa sei rakakamurwa mumaruwa kuPrague. Pamepu, maererano ano pfungwa kwekuronga muguta, nzvimbo ano chinozivikanwa dzavo miganhu kuva imwe Municipality. Saka, guta rose rakakamurwa mumatunhu 22, kusanganisira ayo nhengo 57 maruwa.

Pamwe chete chiito itsva uye yakare guta cadastral hurongwa nokupesana. Saka, Prague rakakamurwa 10 munzvimbo chikuru 112 nzvimbo. mutsauko akadaro anonzi Administrative uye zvinowanzoshandiswa akasiyana-siyana enguva dzomumaguta upenyu.