Primordially Russian uye chikwereti mashoko: mienzaniso. Mashoko vatorwa mavambo

Mumwe zvikamu ndiyo Mabviro ezwi kwemashoko, kudzidza kwakabva mashoko ari pakanyorwa nokuchinja yose pakutaura mutauro. Primordially Russian uye mashoko rakumbirwa vanonzi chete mumaonero Mabviro. Ndivo akaturikidzana maviri, izvo zvinogona kukugoverai yose Mutauro mutauro wokuRussia, maererano mavambo. Izvi duramazwi chikamu anopa mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti sei Shoko rakanga, zvarinoreva, apo uye kana rakanga rakumbirwa, uye kuchinja inini.

Russian Mutauro

Mashoko ose zviripo mutauro, vanotaura mashoko. Uchibatsirwa wavo, tinoti dzakasiyana zvinhu, zviitiko, zviito, zviratidzo, nhamba, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Mutauro rinotsanagurwa kupinda necheSalvic mitauro ezvinhu, zvichiguma pamberi ravaigona nezvekutanga. Russian Mutauro midzi kare pakati necheSalvic amarudzi, uye kwemazana emakore kwakasimbiswa navanhu. Izvi zvinonzi chizvarwa mazwi kuvapo kwenguva refu.

Uyewo pane marongera kwemashoko rechipiri mashoko kwatiri kubva mitauro nokuda panowanikwa munhoroondo ukama.

Saka, kana tikafunga mashoko kubva pfungwa mavambo, zvinokwanisika chokubvisa veko mashoko Russian, uye rakumbirwa. Mienzaniso mashoko mapoka zviri mumutauro akawanda.

Origin mashoko Russian

Russian Mutauro chinosanganisira vanopfuura 150,000 mashoko. Ngationei mashoko chii vanonzi chizvarwa Russian.

Primordially Russian duramazwi ane nzendo dzakawanda:

1. Mune wokutanga, dangwe, unosanganisira mashoko anoratidza pfungwa yakadaro, zviri mumitauro yose (baba, amai, nyama, mhumhi uye vamwe);
2. Vanoumba weDanho pamusoro Proto-necheSalvic mashoko ndezvemamiriro necheSalvic madzinza ose (vanoondoroka, gorosi, imba, huku, kvass, chizi, etc ...) wechipiri;
3. The weDanho wechitatu chimiro mashoko akazviratidza kutaura pamusoro Eastern Slavs kubva pakati VI-VII (rima, mwanasikana wokurera, kumakuva, mapuroteni, nhasi);
4. The boka chechina - chaizvoizvo mazita Russian akaonekwa kuguma XVI-XVII emakore (jamhu, blizzard, gwenzi, yokudzura, leisurely, rimwe zuva, mumwe Mason, mutyairi, unyengeri, utsanana, etc ...).

Pfungwa nokukwereta

In mutauro wedu pamwe chizvarwa Russian uye rakumbirwa mashoko. Izvi imhaka nhoroondo kukura munyika.

Sezvo vanhu vekare vokuRussia vakapinda tsika, upfumi, enyika, zvechiuto, kutengeserana ukama nedzimwe nyika uye inoti. Zvinonzi zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa zvakatungamirira kuti mumutauro wedu akanga mashoko avanhu, naye isu pamwe. Zvikasadaro, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vakonana.

With izvi mitauro kwereta Russified pamusoro nguva, muboka tsika mashoko, uye isu varega kufunga nezvavo se dzavatorwa. Munhu wose ajaira nemashoko akadai sokuti "shuga", "bhati", "mumiriri", "pamwe", "chikoro", uye vamwe vakawanda.

Native mashoko Russian chikwereti uye akaratidzwa kumusoro, kwenguva refu uye kuva chikamu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, uye kubatsira kuvaka zvatinotaura.

Mashoko Foreign mumutauro Russian

Kuwana mumutauro wedu, mashoko dzimwe dzinofanira kuchinjwa. Yochinja inokanganisa mativi akasiyana: ari phonetics, Morphology, semantics. Borrowings inozviisa mitemo yedu uye nemirayiro. Mumashoko aya pane shanduko iri zviteshi, muna suffixes, kuchinja munhui. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "paramende" vane rume, uye muna German, kwarakabva - avhareji.

It kungachinja zvinoreva zvose. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "painter" isu inoratidza mushandi uye German - a "rokupenda."

Ukatora semantics. Somuenzaniso, chikwereti mashoko, "zvomumagaba", "kuchinja" uye "kuzvikudza" vauya kwatiri kubva mumitauro uye havana kuita. Asi mururimi rwaamai, French, chiLatin uye chiItalian, ukuwo, vakauya kubva muLatin uye kuti 'ponesai'.

Saka, zvinokosha kuziva kubva iyo mutauro rakumbirwa mashoko. Zvichakubatsira kuona zvavo lexical zvaanoreva.

Uyezve, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuziva chizvarwa Russian akakwereta mashoko ari mashoko chevanhu vakawanda, yatinoshandisa zuva nezuva. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, pane maduramazwi, izvo yakajekesa zvinorehwa uye kwakabva shoko rimwe nerimwe.

Kupatsanura pakati chikwereti mashoko

mapoka maviri chikwereti mashoko kumira kwenguva imwe mhando:

• vakabva mutauro necheSalvic;
• akatorwa kubva mumitauro dzisiri necheSalvic.

In boka rokutanga vanoumba guru guru staroslavyanizmy - mashoko, richipararira kubva IX remakore mumabhuku muchechi. Uye mashoko ikozvino kwakapararira akadai "muchinjikwa", "zvose", "simba", "kunaka", etc. Vazhinji staroslavyanizmy vane analogues Russian ( "pamatama." - "pamatama", "muromo" - "miromo" uye vamwe. ) vari dzinounzwa phonetic ( "masuo" - "gedhi"), morphological ( "nyasha", "kumupi"), kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ( "ndarama" - "ndarama") staroslavyanizmy.

Boka rechipiri ine nokukwereta nezvimwe mitauro, kusanganisira:

• Latin (muminda nesayenzi, zvemagariro upenyu, zvematongerwo enyika - "chikoro", "Republic", "Corporation");
• Greek (mhuri - "mubhedha", "dhishi", mazwi - "fanano", "mashoko");
• Western European (nemauto - "HQ", "kadheti" ounyanzvi - "easel", "nzvimbo", nautical mazwi - "chikepe", "Shipyard" "schooner" nziyo mashoko - "Aria", "libretto");
• Zimbabwe Turk (mu "Parera", "Caravan" tsika uye zvokutengeserana "simbi");
• Air (mhuri - "chinobata", "chamboko") Mashoko.

Dictionary of Words Foreign

Lexicology - sayenzi chaiwo chaizvo. Pano zvose muronga zvakajeka. Mashoko ose ari mapoka mapoka, zvichienderana chiratidzo, anoumba hwaro.

Primordially mashoko Russian uye chikwereti vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri pahwaro Mabviro, kureva mavambo.

Pane maduramazwi siyana kuti asangane chaizvo kushungurudza. Saka, unogona kudana duramazwi wemashoko vatorwa, rine mienzaniso mutauro vaiuya kwatiri kwemazana emakore akawanda. Vakawanda Mashoko aya anonzwisiswa ikozvino sezvo Russian. Duramazwi rinotsanangura zvazvinoreva uye rinoratidza apo shoko rakasvika kwatiri.

Dictionary mashoko yokumwe munyika yedu vane nyaya yose. The yokutanga yakavambwa mukuvamba nemasere remakore, zvakanga zvokunyorwa nemaoko. Panguva iyoyo vakauya mavhoriyumu matatu duramazwi, rakanyorwa N. Janowski. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri paiva yose akatevedzana dzimwe maduramazwi.

Pakati zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa anogona kunzi "Chikoro Dictionary Wemashoko Foreign", rakapepetwa VV Ivanova. Duramazwi kupinda anonzi mashoko nezvemavambo mashoko, vakapiwa kududzirwa zvainonyatsoreva, kushandiswa mienzaniso, kugadzikana mashoko naye.