Prirazlomnoe munda mafuta muGungwa Pechora

Munyika havasi unexplored kumatunhu mazhinji. Imwe yenzvimbo idzi - kweArctic. Kudzidza kweArctic akatanga kubvira panguva yeMiddle Ages. Kukura nharaunda kuramba nhasi. Vanopfuura 2/3 cheminda munyika kweArctic pemvura mafuta uye gasi riri Russian pasherufu wongoramba. No kunze uye Prirazlomnoye munda mafuta ari muGungwa Pechora.

History of chirongwa

Prirazlomnoe munda Vanodzidza zvakawanikwa muna 1989. Shanduko hurumende enyika uye kudzivirira kukura default dhipoziti.

Chete muna 1993, mumwe chikamu kwe "Gazprom" - "ROSSHELF" - kutanga kuita basa kukura Prirazlomnoe. Geological ubanguranyika matsime matatu rakanyorwa kusvikira 1994. Nechekare muna 1996, boka vakagadzirira zvoupfumi uye michina feasibility. Muna 1997, zvakanga vanotenderwa chirongwa kuvaka wakaiswa papuratifomu.

Muna 1998, apo kuchikuva magadzirirwo akanga ari basa danho, ndakadaro basa nokuda zvoupfumi default. Pashure 5 years, chirongwa yave kugadziridzwa, uye ane idzva chikamu kambani "Gazprom" - "Sevmorneftegas" - kutangazve kuvaka. Chikuva chokugadza deadlines kwenguva refu vambomira. Chikamu chokutanga kuvakwa rakapera chete pakupera 2010. Uye chete pakupera 2013th akatanga kuva woshanda zvizere.

chikuva Features

The nharaunda umo Prirazlomnoe munda - Nefteyugansk yeRwizi Nenets zvionera District. Kuchikuva riri makiromita 60 kubva panyika yakaoma.

Nokuti kukura munda padunhu mumakungwa hwakagadzwa yakarongerwa chikuva kuti anogona kushanda panguva yakaderera tembiricha chando, mhepo yakasimba uye gungwa mafungu. Kusimba panguva iyo oiri rinoitwa - 20 M Chikuva richengetwe pasi pedyo negungwa kutsigisa igwa.. The zvachose kurema kwayo, kusanganisira kutsigisa igwa, ndiye matani 500,000. Maererano zano kuchikuva kuti vanochera matsime 36 kuitira kuti wepagore mafuta kugadzirwa matani mamiriyoni 6.5 pamusoro.

munda chinzvimbo

Prirazlomnoe oilfield yakasiyana zvechokwadi, sezvo basa iri dzokubudisa kuti "ndarama dema" vari kunze pairi pachikuva, kunyange chando. Zvisinei, murayiro wehurumende kunyoresa kuvaka mitemo Russian asati dzakabudirira.

Maererano Federal Law №187, chikuva - rakagadzirwa nevanhu kuvaka Continental pasherefu yeRussian Federation munharaunda. Kuyananisa Court of Moscow District muna 2009 akasarudza kuziva ngadzirambe zvivako hydraulic. Uyewo 2012 "Prirazlomnaja" vakanyorwa somudziyo gungwa-kuenda Register pamusoro Ngarava Russia uye anonzi chengarava Naryan-Mar.

Management makambani

Prirazlomnoe oilfield yakatanga achishingaira yakatanga kubva muna 1992. Izuva kushandiswa zvebhizimisi "ROSSHELF" hwakasikwa gore rino. The gwaro rakanyorwa makambani akasiyana 20, vamwe vavo mubasa ubanguranyika pamusoro Shtokman munda. Muna March 1993, JSC "ROSSHELF" vakawana rezinesi kuti tiite mabasa ubanguranyika, migodhi uye uchimutarira kuti matsime eoiri.

Kubvira muna 2001, boka "Gazprom" uye "Rosneft" akatanga kukudziridza mafuta uye gasi dziva pamusoro Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District, kusanganisira Prirazlomnoe munda. "Yuganskneftegaz" - mumwe chikamu kwe "Rosneft" - anodzora kupomba yemapurisa papuratifomu kubva 2006. Muna 2002, boka "Sevmorneftegas" vakawana rezinesi kushandisa mafuta deposits Prirazlomnoe. Muna 2009, "Rosneft" kutengeswa "Gazprom" ose chiito "Sermorneftegaza" uye kambani ainzi "Gazpromneftshelf". Sezvo 2014 yakava chikamu kwe "Gazprom Neft".

Features okuchengetera neyokufambisa yamafuta

Matangi emafuta kwakafumuka dziri nechepasi pechikuva - iri caisson. mbishi zvinhu okuchengetera michina nayo inonzi "akanyorova" nokuti zvisinei kuzara mafuta tangi iri vakaramba yakanyatsozara nemvura. Mafuta anopinda tangi Via imwe mashandiro - the diffuser. Kana rokuzadza tangi mvura anomanikidzwa kupinda kutsigisa igwa hurongwa, iyo anomhanyira mberi okuchenesa. The mvura iri ipapo kushandiswa pressurize mafuta reservoirs.

Nokuti ainge atumirwa chemafuta dura izere kubva pressurized mvura chekuchengeta. Mafuta pumped pachiso kupinda kutumirwa mugaba hurongwa. Sezvo kupomba kutsigisa igwa mvura anozadza tangi.

Transportation rinoitwa kuburikidza chomuruki kwematangi kuti vakasungira chikepe asiri kuonana papuratifomu.

Matanho kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza uye zvinetso zvemhoteredzo

Prirazlomnoe dhipoziti riri pedyo dzinoverengeka dzine zvikuru kudzivirirwa. Naizvozvo, zvakatipoteredza chinhu mafuta sezvo nguva dzose akakodzera.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti basa racho dzakatevedzana bvunzo, kwezvakatipoteredza kukuvadzwa richiri rikashandiswa. Kuderedza yakatakura kubva vanoverengeka mabasa:

• pamusoro Zvikwepa mvura yaunodya akagadzawo mano, hunoita 80% zvinoderedza rufu mhuka marina;
• basa tochi usiku ipfupi zvikuru kwazvo sezvinobvira kudzivisa kwemotokari pamwe shiri dzinobhururuka pedyo papuratifomu.

Hapana kumunda mafuta haisi kusiya yakatsvuka zvinhu inorasikira munyika. Prirazlomnoe munda ari dzakabudirira yegore, kunyange panguva polar usiku. Oil teura yakapedza zvakakurumidza kweArctic nharaunda zvisingaiti - chikamu inoenda chando. Equipment nokuti teura mhinduro iri kusvika 1,000 makiromita kubva "Prirazlomnaya" muna Murmansk. Akatakura nayo kunzvimbo tsaona uye mamiriro akaoma ekunze.

Prirazlomnoe munda chinhu yepamusorosoro yakaoma, iyo ine zvemberi nzira kuti kuchera, kugadzira, kutakurwa mafuta. kukura Its kukosha nokuda Russian upfumi hwenyika.