Protein biosynthesis - sezvo zvinoitika?

Protein biosynthesis kunoitika muna zvomukati zvose, nyama uye masero. Kudeuka Huwandu mapuroteni synthesized ari chiropa. Ribosomes takura mapuroteni biosynthesis. Mishonga, ribosomes - nucleoproteins rinoumbwa RNA (50-65%) uye mapuroteni (35-50%). Ribonucleic asidhi muri zvinoumba granular endoplasmic reticulum, apo sangano kunoitika biosynthesis uye synthesized mapuroteni mamorekuru.

Ribosomes vanowanikwa mukati sero muchimiro masumbu 3 kusvika 100 inokwana zviyero - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes kazhinji interconnected chairwo neshinda kuonekwa pasi Erekitironi maikorosikopu - uye RNA.

Mumwe ribosome wevaNorse kuti synthesize yavo polypeptide cheni, rimwe boka - akawanda ngetani dzakadaro uye mapuroteni mamorekuru.

Matanho mapuroteni biosynthesis

Activation kuti amino acids. In hyaloplasm kubva interstitial mvura somugumisiro diffusion, osmosis kana kushingaira chokufambisa pamusoro amino acids vakagamuchira. Mumwe mufananidzo amino uye imino enzayemu interacts nomunhu wacho - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Reactions kusashanda magnesium cations, manganese, cobalt. Pane kusashanda amino acid.

Protein Biosynthesis (Danho rechipiri) - uye kuita mukomboni ane kusashanda amino iine acid M-RNA. Kusashanda amino acids (aminoacyl adenylate) kushandisa makemikari hwakatamisirwa t-RNA of cytoplasm. The muitiro iri catalyzed nokuda aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. amino iine acid vakasara dzinoenderana kuti hydroxyl boka carboxyl rechipiri atomu Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Protein Biosynthesis (Danho rechitatu) - zvokufambisa of zvakaoma kuti kusashanda amino asidhi pamwe M-RNA ari mumasero ribosome. The amino asidhi chokuita tRNA, iri kubva hyaloplasm pamusoro ribosome. The muitiro iri catalyzed nokuda dzakananga makemikari, umo muviri hausi asingasviki 20. Vamwe amino acids vari zvifambiswe dzakawanda tRNA (semuenzaniso, valine uye leucine - vatatu tRNA). Izvi anoshandisa simba pamusoro GTP uye ATP. Danho rechina biosynthesis kunoratidzwa nokusungwa aminoacyl-t-RNA yakaoma uye RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, kuenda ribosome interacts pamwe mamita-RNA. Mumwe t-RNA mugove Kunoumbwa nucleotides matatu - anticodon. The mRNA zano yakafanana nucleotides matatu - codon. Mumwe codon enderana tRNA anticodon uye mumwe amino acid. Panguva biosynthesis vari vasiyana ribosomes ari muchimiro aminoacyl-tRNA amino acids, izvo hereinafter uchitanga kutsunga iri placement pamusoro codons uye mRNA vari akaumba mune polypeptide cheni.

Inotevera Danho mapuroteni usage - ndiyo mharuro polypeptide cheni. Pashure maviri yakavakidzana aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon rakabatanidzwa ravo codon-RNA, mamiriro nokuti kwetunhu imwe polypeptide chain. Wezvamatongerwe peptide chisungo. pezvakaitwa aya catalyzed peptide synthetases, kusashanda MG cations uye mapuroteni hunhu kudzidziswa zvinhu F1, F2, F3. Panobva kwemakemikari simba iri guanozintrifosfatnaya acid.

Kugumiswa ari polypeptide cheni. The ribosome, iyo synthesized pamusoro pemvura polypeptide cheni, uye cheni rinosvika mugumo-RNA, hereinafter "akasvetuka" vabvemo. Kuti nevakomana mugumo mRNA wanamatira panzvimbo yayo imwe ribosome itsva, iyo synthesizes mumwe polypeptide mamorekuru. The polypeptide cheni riri roga kubva ribosome uye yabudiswa muna hyaloplasm. Izvi zvakaitwa rinoitwa kushandisa rimwe kusunungurwa chinhu (R), iro chokuita ribosome uye hwezvekukurukurirana ari hydrolysis ari Eteri linkage pakati polypeptide uye tRNA.

Ethers uye kuumbwa hyaloplasm polypeptide namaketani mapurotini dzakaoma. Kuvakwa chesekondari, tertiary uye kakawanda kacho - the quaternary nemamiriro puroteni Morekuru. Saka ipapo mapuroteni biosynthesis muchitokisi.