Records World Athletics. Mukuru nyika zvinyorwa mune zvemitambo

Tungamirira British Athletic Federation aisa mberi pfungwa kuti itangezve zvinyorwa nyika mitambo. Izvi imhaka huru nhamba kwakaita doping zvinonyadzisa muna 2015. The chirongwa awana kunzwisisa pamwe President of International Association of Athletics nemisanganiswa (IAAF) Sebastian Coe.

Iye zvinganaka ubvise "kufungira" pamusoro nemigumisiro kuti yaigona kuitwa nokushandiswa zvinorambidzwa. zvinyorwa kwakadaro uye ikozvino sokuti hazvibviri.

nyaya

Yokutanga vatambi vari nyanzvi akaonekwa pakati XIX remakore muEngland. Zvadaro kekutanga yakatanga kunyoresa yakanakisisa kunoguma marudzi akasiyana mitambo. Zvinyorwa World Athletics okutanga akanyorwa run 1 maira. Nesangano muna 1914, mitumbi international nedare, ari IAAF, nemitemo kuti kunyoresa dzakakwirira kubudirira uye mazita anoranga kunge yakatanga, mavakanga akanyorwa.

Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakava yaidzorwa nzira kuti kuyera migumisiro zvemupiro makwikwi kuti rekodhi ukoshi haisi mibvunzo. Muna 1968, muMexico City, panguva Olympic Games muna muchinjikwa nyika anoranga nayo yakatanga kushandiswa napo zvoga marongedzero kuyera nguva. Zvakaguma hwakanyorwa kusvika pedyo ramazana chechipiri. Records World Athletics mu nokukanda nokuuruka akatanga inyoreswe kushandisa kupfuura ano kuyera nhumbi uye zvemagetsi nehurongwa.

The inokosha mitemo ratification zvinyorwa zvenyika

Kuisa vatambi riri akamira wakaenzana, kuti vazive kukosha kunyora chaiko kuchengeta mitemo yakasimba wakasiyiwa IAAF. Nokudaro, unhani pamusoro treadmills, kupedza midziyo, marongerwo - zvose kunofanira kuenderana vanotenderwa nemitemo. zvinyorwa World vari usatsungirira - yakanakisisa kunoguma mitambo - ari makwikwi, apo kupindira nevatambi akasiyana pabonde, kana kana ataure chikwata nevatambi vemarudzi akasiyana kumhanya. Pakuitisa sprints kusvika 200 M uye zvido zvevanhu mhepo kupfuura akasvetuka haafaniri kupfuudza 2 m / s. Nokuti zvose-kumativi ose makwikwi akabvumira gusts anosvika 4 m / s.

Chinonyanya kukosha zvimiso anobudirira kunyoresa, izvo zvinofanira kuitika munyika dzakawanda mitambo miviri anonyora IAAF World, ndiye kuzadziswa inoomesera matanho doping kuzvidzora. Chero kutyora mitemo chokuendesa ivhu uye kuitisa tsvakurudzo yavo akaita soro kubudirira mubvandiripo. Zviri kumativi nyaya idzi dzitendererane kukahadzika kunyanya kujairika mifananidzo nyika kubudirira.

Dzakasiyana-siyana nyika kubudirira

Zvikuru nomukurumbira munyika njanji uye munda vanoonekwa zvinyorwa wakasiyiwa nevakadzi uye varume Olympic mitambo makwikwi akabata panze. Mushure yeOlympic, chinonyanya kukosha makwikwi chechipiri vatambi - yezhizha World Cup. Zvinyorwa World Athletics Championships - kuitika unokudzwa upi mumhanyi kana thrower zvose-rounder. Winter Championships rakaitirwa mitambo nhandare pasi pedenga, ane pachake specificity kwayo uye tafura chemhando kubudirira.

Chero chinokosha makwikwi vatambi ine nhoroondo yacho, uye naizvozvo, ayo patafura kubudirira. Zvinyorwa Olympic Games, Continental Championships, chinonyanya mitambo Danho Grand Prix - chikonzero chinokosha neipi mutambi. Major mitambo Zvivako ndeyakewo nani zvinyorwa zvabuda, izvo zvinogona kugara achiudza.

Records panguva vemazera akasiyana

Munhoroondo mutambo yakawanda nyeredzi, zvinoratidza zvinyorwa zvabuda panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura ake mitambo basa. Netafura, izvo vakapinda munyika zvinyorwa zviri mitambo pakati juniors vane mazita avo ipapo akatsvaka migumisiro yakanakisisa uye vakura. The uchitsanya sprinter yepasi, Usain bhaudhi akabata nyika zvinopupura vakadzi 200 metres uye mudiki - 19,93 pamwe mukuru - 19.19 seconds.

Panopera basa mumutambo nenyanzvi ari mutambi wechokwadi haagumiri kushingaira kudzidziswa. Makwikwi pakati vakamborwa zvinoita kuti vakawanda zvemitambo uye zvinyorwa zviri mitambo pakati vakamborwa zvenyika - chikonzero chikuru kwete kuderedza kukwikwidzana basa vakura. Vatambi makwikwi muzera dzavo mumapoka uye zvinoodza kutyora zvinyorwa, akaratidza vezera.

Kusvetukira inotevera chemakore

Nyanzvi dziri inowanzobvunzwa pamusoro kakawanda sei chichabviswa yoku- uye kuti chii pamwero anogona kuiswa migumisiro yakanakisisa akasiyana mitambo anoranga. Nyaya dzaiva zvinyorwa, sokuti kusingazununguki, asi akapfuura vatambi zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mienzaniso - the kubudirira refu jumper Bob Beamon.

Panoperera Olympic Games muna Mexico City, akatadza kusvetuka 8,90 m. Yapfuura nyika rekodhi kupfuura nenzira tarenda 55 cm. Mumazuva okupedzisira zuva drizzling mvura, mhepo yakanga chakaipa siyana. Vakati kuti iye, akaita vatambi zvose, vakabatsira rarefied mhepo mukuru makomo. Judges kwenguva refu vaisagona zvakarurama kuyera "ndege" Beamon, uye kana kwaiva zvinyorwa nhamba, hapana vasingagoni kutenda zvechokwadi. chinyorwa ichi kwainzi husingaperi, asi zvakanditorera makore 23 uye ane American jumper Mayk Pauell vakapfuura vari 1991 World Championships muTokyo pamusoro 5 cm. Kugona zvikaramba Beamon Olympic chinyorwa.

Dangwe rekodhi

Kana asarudza kutafura nyika zvinyorwa kuwa nebudiriro, izvo zvinogona zvakanaka muzadzwe hafu yezana remakore itangezve. Mukuru nyika zvinyorwa zviri njanji uye munda wakaratidzwa panguva apo kushandisa muviri hauna pasi utsinye inorambidza zvakadai, sezvazvakaita nhasi. Naizvozvo, vazhinji vakaratidza kusiri pamutemo pamberi dzavo pandandanda dzakakwirira kubudirira, kunyange zvazvo asina kuratidzwa "mambo nokuda zuva" uye vatambi vave pamusoro refu uye zvakaoma nzira.

July 26, 1983 Czechoslovakian mumhanyi Jarmila Kratochvílová akamhanya 2 pamakumbo kunhivi nhandare - 800 M - 1 Maminitsi 53.28 chik. Akanga atova nenguva mutambi uye kumhanya Paavhareji marefu muzvirongwa yokungoita bara. Its mugumisiro sokuti hazviiti kuti vamhanyi vanhasi.

Mukuru Chinyorwa nyika chokuita anoranga mukati mitambo chirongwa, zvinyorwa ari bara kuisa kuti indoor kuratidzwa zvakare Czechoslovak mutambi, Helena Fibingerovoy. February 19, 1977, iye akatuma projectile pa 20 mamita 50 cm. The yakanakisisa mugumisiro nokuda rakavhurika nhandare iri uyewo wekare-timer, ndiye pasi makore 9 chete okuberekwa uye vanopfuura 13 cm. Nderake reSoviet mutambi Natalia Lisovskaya.

Elite mutambo

World Nhoroondo - zvinoreva pfungwa vose vanoita zvemitambo panguva mukuru pamwero kwete chete. Munyika yanhasi, apo mutambo - kunokudziridzwa uye vakawanda Vebhizimisi, uye zvinokosha mari chinokurudzira. Bonuses uye zvinobatsira, izvo nyika zvinyorwa-vatambi akaratidza kukosha digits. Hapana tsaona mu mukuru kusvetuka ane wechitanhatu - chimiro umo zvachose yakakwirira iri basa mumhanyi uye murairidzi - kupfuura nhamba vabudirire kuedza kumisa itsva nyika zvinyorwa. The kunozivikanwa Sergei Bubka - muvambi zvinyorwa nyika 35, uye Yelena Isinbayeva akamutsa yairova kune zvinyorwa mukuru 28 nguva.