Requisitioning - ichi ... Introduction yemuraudzo

Chiitiko zvokudya mugove, aizivikanwawo nokuda Acronym requisitioning, kwakaitika muna Russia iri nguva kubva 1919 kusvika 1921. Panguva ino, hurumende yakasarudza kuisa zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti chingwa nezvimwe zvokudya, izvo zvinogona chengeta vanhuwo zvavo uye vose pachisara vaifanira kutengesa kuti hurumende nemitengo yakaderera. The nderwevaya-appropriation hurongwa zvinobatanidzwa mapoka zvokudya, makomiti varombo uye emunharaunda makanzuru, iro simba Varimi kurega reserves dzavo.

Impact pamusoro yevagari

Nhanganyaya of nderwevaya rave mberi zvinowedzerwa zvakatoitika akaoma ezvinhu zvavo vanhu. Dzemunharaunda makurukuriro chingwa kuti akaparadzirwa kana razverstyvalis sechinhu mutero kakawanda vakapfuura chaiko mumatanda vagari.

Varimi Vazhinji vakaedza kuvanza zvokudya zvavo, asi zvokudya mapoka ose akawanikwa uye kurangwa kunyange kwakaipa "Hoarders."

zvabuda yemuraudzo

Nechekare mugore chinotyisa uye zvokudya kutanga chikafu yemuraudzo vemo yokutanga chakatengwa vanenge mamiriyoni 44,6 matani zvezviyo. The gore rechipiri akacherekedza kuwedzera kuita uye vakauya ehurumende pondo mamiriyoni 113,9. The unopinza kuwedzera prices yakanga kukonzerwa nechisimba chena, sezvo chikamu vanhuwo aida kutsigira vaKomonisiti kudzivisa kukunda vehondo muvengi. Naizvozvo, chete November 1917 yava yaiswa pamwe sezvakarayirwa makirogiramu mamiriyoni 33,7, asi zvakanga chete ndatenda zvinobvira kushanda apo chikwata zvokudya mumatanda of dikidiki Government, achishandisa rakanga raitwa requisitioning.

Fani iyi, ane chinangwa chaiva kugovera nemauto, uye akanga wandei zvaaikanganisa. The huru dambudziko raiva murombo sangano, nokuti iyo rebei chikamu yakaunganidzwa uwandu uye haana kusvika kuenda nguva, chete vakapamba nguva nenguva. On zvinodiwa mauto yakashandiswa 60% nyama uye hove, 100% yefodya uye 40% ezvingwa dzakatorwa pamusoro yemuraudzo. Varimi uye vashandi munhuwo vakamanikidzwa kuenda nzara, apo vakasarudza zvigadzirwa, anouya maguta makuru, kazhinji vakapambwa uye akakamurwa migove.

Chii vakatakura requisitioning

Kutsanangura miganhu nhamba varimi kwakabvumira zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira vashandi uye vashandi vari kanenge hafu-nenzara ezvinhu. A zvishoma varwi rombo, uye aiva mamiriro utungamiri, izvo dzose kudya zvakagoverwa nepose ezvinhu. The nderwevaya zvakakonzera kushayikwa chokushanda pakati vanhuwo zvavo, nekuti kukohwa vachiri inounganidzwa. Iri raiva rimwe huru zvinhu zvakazoita kuti wakakwana kuparadzwa zvokurima kare 1921. Munyika, akatanga vakawanda kumukira pamusoro kuvanhuwo zvavo kuda abolition maitirwo dzakadaro.

Panguva iyi uye akanga kwakatsiva nderwevaya mutero zvinorwadza, waiva wokutanga uye chinokosha danho iri yezwi NEP.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Pasinei nokuti muitiro akakwanisa tichishandisa kudzikamisa chikafu mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, uye akauya chaizvo migumisiro yakaipa. Pamutemo, iri requisitioning wakatangwa January 11, 1919, ari kunyadzisa zvikuru hurumende yeSoviet apo nyika yaida rubatsiro.

Maererano pamutemo shanduro, vanhuwo zvavo vaifanira unzi yavo yakasara zvigadzirwa kusapfuudza zvinodiwa vakanga wakasiyiwa hurumende, asi zvaitika requisitioning? Hazvisi zvikuru zvakaoma kumisa zvino papera kuti vanenge zana remakore, asi achiri anoramba mamwe mashoko yepakutanga. Dzimwe nguva kubva nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo vakasarudzwa uye chii chinofanira kuramba uri pachavo zvinodiwa vokuparidzira, uye mari vakanga muchizadzwa kutsiviwa ose pakutengeserana nokuti icho chinhu chinogona kutengwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti ropa, kusungwa uye yokumukira. Saka, kubva kare nemaonero, ichi zviviri muitiro.

zvinhu

• Nzendo pachisara zvishomashoma collapsing Russian Empire yakatanga muna December 1916. Asi ichi, uyewo mamwe matanho ari hurumende dzakawanda, chete aivabatsira kukurumidza pokuwa ehurumende.
• Zvokungoitawo hurumende, iyo akarwawo kudzokororwa kwemaBhaibheri ekare zvokudya, aigona kubudirira kuzadzisa marambi zvokudya mumatanda, kuunganidza mamiriyoni 280 matani zvezviyo kubva akaronga 650.

• Requisitioning, pamutemo kwakamboitwa mangwanani 1919, yakava rutivi zvokudya vaityisa Bolsheviks munguva iri Civil War, vakatora nzvimbo panguva "hondo komiyunizimu".
• Nokuti Bolsheviks requisitioning (nayo pamutemo kwakaratidza) zvakanga zvakaoma. Implementation Its yakanga pakutanga zvisingaiti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, saka akatakurwa kunze chete nechepakati munharaunda yacho.
• Pakutanga requisitioning rinoshanda vachingoshandisa zviyo, asi pakupera 1920 zviyero dzave kushandiswa chokuita ose aripo purazi.
• Pakutanga, varimi vakanga vachienda kubhadhara aunganidzwa zvigadzirwa, asi chokuendesa zvinhu zvakanga anenge chisingapembedzwi, nokuti mari yave devalued, uye bhizimisi rakanga rizere kuderera - hapana change.

• Sezvingatarisirwa, vanhuwo zvavo havasi kubvumirana kuti nokuzvidira kusiya zvinhu zvavo, saka pakanga chaiwo anopamba, makomiti varombo uye Red Army dzakabatana.
• Kana vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vasina chido kana kukwanisa kudzivisa matanho wehurumende, vakatanga avanda zvokudya uye kukura gorosi hapana kupfuura vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.
• Kunyange kufungisisa kuti chikafu udzvinyiriri kwakakonzera yezve vanhuwo zvavo ipapo, hapana mubvunzo kuti hondo aigona zvokudya chete requisitioning. Fani iyi rakabatsirawo kuti vatize dzomumaguta proletariat.
• Munguva kubva muna 1918 kusvika 1920 musoro Russian kukumbira aiva muKomonisiti akazova nhengo Third Reich. Yakanga Roland Freisler.

mugumisiro

Mune Chiitiko zvokudya yemuraudzo, uyewo mamwe matanho akawanda hwakatangwa ari Bolsheviks, zvakanga sei inoverengeka zvakanakira nekuipira zhinji. Pasinei chokwadi kuti izvi zvakabatsira kuti kupa zvakafanira zvigadzirwa vemauto, vakawanda nhumbi nyore vakanyangarika, kunyange zvazvo rakanga rabviswa vanhu vanoda navo - izvi chokwadi kuitwa requisitioning. Year, kwakatanga, yaiva pfungwa yandisingazodzokizve kuti isimbe uye kutanga zvose zviri yemberi achitungamirira chakakura dambudziko.