Romantic nhetembo kuti Pushkin. Southern nguva muupenyu uye basa A. S. Pushkina

Romantic nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin - detembo, akasikwa pakati wokumaodzanyemba kubatana. Yaiva nguva yakaoma Alexander Sergeyevich. Kumaodzanyemba muutapwa, akanga achibva 1820 kusvika 1824. Muna May 1820 mudetembi akanga akaparadzaniswa guru. Pamutemo, Alexander ainge chete akatuma kunzvimbo itsva basa, asi chaizvoizvo ari mupoteri. Nguva wokumaodzanyemba kubatana rakakamurwa 2 chidimbu - vasati uye pashure 1823. Ivo dzakaparadzaniswa dambudziko yakaitika 1823.

Mugumisiro Byron uye Chenier

Mumakore aya, kudanana nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin anonzi zvakazara. Alexander S. kumaodzanyemba vakapedzisira vava kuziva mabasa Byron (asian ake anopiwa pamusoro), mumwe yakanakisisa vadetembi Nzvimbo iyi. Alexander akatanga embody kwake lyric hunhu vanonzi "Byron" mhando. Izvi zvakagumbura omunhu oga uye rusununguko-rudo muroti uya. Kwakati kwatemwa vasisanetswi Byron okusika zviri Pushkin kuti nhetembo kwesango kumwedzi. Zvisinei, kunaka kubatanidza nguva ino chete kuti matambudziko ari Chirungu nyanduri.

Pushkin kumaodzanyemba kwave kufurirwa kwete chete Byron, asi Chenier (asian kukurukurwa pamusoro), aishanda dzekare ino. Naizvozvo okugadzira zvinhu 1820-24 biennium. Inokudziridza kubva kunetsana pakati izvi zviviri. Alexander Akaedza kuvayananisa. In ake enhetembo ezvinhu pane kwetunhu classicism uye romanticism, kuratidzwa zvakajeka uye zvinonyatsochengeta shoko mupfungwa zviitiko, manzwiro subjectivity.

General zvechadenga Pushkin wokumaodzanyemba nguva

Mabasa akanyorwa mumakore 1820-1824., Anokudzwa takasununguka lyricism. Romantic nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin kumwedzi, Southern Links anorasikirwa kudzidzira basa Dombo, runowanzoitika nguva yokutanga basa rake. Haarambi uyewo didacticism pakuona kwevagari nhetembo. Pakati mabasa anonyangarika normativnost Genre, uye mamiriro avo nyore. Features kudanana nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin uye hanya chokuita panguva. Alexander richiswedera ake mupfungwa profile. Anorondedzera panguva mupfungwa pamwe yayo hunhu, enhetembo nokutamba. Kunyanya elegiac matauriro rinowanika unhu Nyanduri. Huru misoro kuti akaratidza rudo nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin - nyota rusununguko, pfungwa nezviitiko itsva, pfungwa yokutenda, kwatangwa uye siyanisa upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvishoma nezvishoma, musoro uri kuda kuratidza dzakawanda mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira kuitisa rusununguko-rudo gamba.

maviri vakatapwa

Romantic mashoko Pushkina nguva wokumaodzanyemba kubatana ane mamwe maitiro. Kunyanya, ari elegy Alexander pane mufananidzo chaiwo (inobva oupenyu ezvinhu) Nhapwa. Asi pedyo ipapo uye conditionally generalized mufananidzo yokuzvidira vakatapwa. Zvinonzi ukama Ovid, nomudetembi wechiRoma, uye Chayrld-Harold (gamba pamusoro Byron). Pushkin reinvents Biography ake. Kuti haasisina akanga, akatumwa rwezasi, uye Alexander akasiya stifling nzanga guru, vachitevera yavo yetsika vachiedza.

"Kudzima masikati akanga kupenya ..."

Intonation elegiac Kufungisisa, izvo zvichava hune ose uchidanana mashoko ose Pushkin, ari kuchengetwa wokutanga nhetembo akasikwa kumaodzanyemba. basa iri 1820 "kudzima masikati akanga kupenya ...". In nechepakati elegy ndiko munyori ndiani, iyo vachipinda itsva danho hwake. The chikuru vavariro ndiyo kumutsidzirwa mweya inosuwa kuti rusununguko uye netsika yokunatsa.

Basa riri kupfupikiswa St. Petersburg kwoupenyu nomudetembi yomukati. Achidudzira izvozvo sezvo tsika wakareruka, non-free. Nokudaro kusiyana yekare upenyu uye tariro rusununguko, iro zvichienzaniswa anotyisa yomugungwa zvinhu. ndiani munyori anoiswa pakati "mabhanga akasuwa" uye "pamahombekombe kure." mweya Pushkin kwaiita unenyota kwatangwa hwepanyama. It kunoratidzwa yezviri musimboti, hunotaurwa nemufananidzo penyanza.

Kukosha elegy ichi hunokosha. In basa rake kekutanga rinowanika riri lyrical hunhu panguva pasi ne kuzvicheka-zivo, kuzvidzora-rucherechedzo. Hunhu ichi yakatarwa nenzira mupfungwa. Pushkin anovaka pamusoro mamiriro oupenyu conditionally kudanana kuti chinhu rinobatana chaiye, asi mune imwe substantially hwakasiyana pairi.

Pushkin kuti dambudziko yomudzimu muna 1823

Radicalism chinzvimbo, runowanzoitika munyori pakutanga pakati 20s, kunotsiviwa zvokunamata dambudziko. Chikonzero nokuti - zviitiko wokuRussia uye European upenyu. Early kudanana nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin kunoratidzwa nokutenda chimurenga. Zvisinei, muna 1823 mudetembi akanga atambura zvikuru mwoyo. Alexander akatora zvakaoma kukundwa ari kumukira kwakaitika muEurope. Kutarisa upenyu nyika yake, haana kuwana Zvinobvira here kuhwina rusununguko-rudo mashoko. In chiedza chitsva mumaziso ake akaonekwa Pushkin uye "marudzi" uye "vakasarudzwa" hunhu uye "vatungamiriri." Anoshora vose, asi "vatungamiriri" kuva zvishoma nezvishoma vanonyanyonangwa chibhende kuratidzwa Alexander. The dambudziko 1823 sei kunyanya kupatsanura munyori pamwe neunyengedzi of Education. Pushkin mwoyo kupararira basa vakasanangurwa munhu. Akanga asingakwanisi kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza. The kukosha "vepamusoro" haaruramiswi kunyange chimwe: vanhu havana kuenda nokuti "Kujekerwa". Zvisinei, Pushkin akanga kusagutsikana pachake, uye "neunyengedzi" uye "venhema zvinangwa." Kunyanya zvakajeka zvikundikane Alexander Sergeyevich rinonzwika iri nhetembo "The Demon" uye "Rusununguko womudyari murenje ...", iro kazhinji vakaongorora kana waiti chakafukidzwa "Romantic nhetembo kuti Pushkin."

"Dhimoni"

"Demon" - akanyorwa 1823 nhetembo. In payo munhu zvikundikane munhu asingatendi nechinhu, kuti kupokana zvose. Nechipiriso akaipa uye rima lyrical gamba. In "Dhimoni" nomweya nechokwadi uye kuramba, hwaifadza kwaari, vakabatana kusaziva pakunamata, haana agutsikane. Vapererwa munhu ndichirairira pamusoro huripo murayiro, ndiye untenable uye pacharwo, sezvo haina zvakanaka yakanaka. Kusavimba chokwadi kunotungamirira necrosis kwemweya.

"Rusununguko womudyari murenje ..."

Muna 1823 zvakanzi akasika nhetembo "Freedom Mudyari mugwenga ...". Epigraph kuti mufananidzo uyu, rakatorwa munyori Evhangeri yaRuka. Ndiye anoudza chigadzirwa isingagumi uye inoshanda kukosha, inorondedzera yezvinoreva nhetembo. Mudyari rusununguko kunoratidzwa oga. On kudanwa kwake uye kuparidza akasaita kwete. Desert nyika wafa. Vanhu regai kutevera izvozvo, regai kumuteerera. Zvinosiririsa mufananidzo womudyari, sezvo asvika panyika zvakare mangwanani. Kwidza nyaya vanhu shoko huchikandwa kumhepo.

Romantic lyric uye kudanana nhetembo

Romantic nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin akasikwa navo panguva imwe chete ari kudanana detembo. Ndiwo hafu wokutanga 1820s. Kunyange zvakadaro, nharaunda pamwe uchidanana nhetembo hakungoitwi chokwadi kuti vakasikwa mumakore chete. Kunoratidza pacharo pakusarudzwa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem zvinhu muupenyu, zviri mabhii ari magamba iri huru yemisoro sezvinoita uye zano. Chaiita huru kudanana musoro mashoko orwiyo Pushkin, mumwe anogona kutaura pamusoro vavariro "ita bvungapfunga yokumusha." Ndiye mumwe anokosha, izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti munyori akanga ari nhapwa.

The kweshoko kuti "ita bvungapfunga yokumusha"

Chimwe chezvinhu mamirire nhetembo Alexander chokuita kudanana nguva iri "kudzima masikati akanga kupenya ...". It vavariro "ita bvungapfunga yokumusha" ndiko kusimba kukosha. Tinoona izvozvo uye kushanda "musungwa Caucasus", rinozivikanwa nhetembo ne Pushkin ( "The Russian chinhu rurefu ...").

Subject Chivimbo revanhu

Sezvo hwakagadzwa muna 1822 nhetembo "V. F. Raevskomu" rinonzwika hunhu uchidanana nhetembo dingindira kutuka vazhinji. Pushkin lyrical kusiyana, yakakwirira, vaikwanisa kunzwa uye mafungiro, kushayikwa zvokunamata uye upenyu vanhu akapoteredza pake. Nokuti "matsi" uye "vasingakoshi" revanhu musoro, "anodadisa," "inzwi mwoyo."

Aongorora kudanana mashoko ose Pushkin, uchaona kuti pane pfungwa yakafanana mune detembo vari 1823, "blithe kusaziva kwangu ...". Pamberi "inotya", "inotonhora", "pasina," "chisimba" nemhomho "musoro," "anokudzwa," inzwi chokwadi.

Chete nyaya chakafukidzwa ari nhetembo "vechiGypsy". Munyori anoisa pfungwa dzake mumuromo Aleko. unhu ichi inoti kuti vanhu vanonyara rudo vanokanganisa zvaanoda, misoro yavo pamberi zvifananidzo, akakumbira kuti nengetani uye mari.

Saka, mutambo mwoyo protagonist, achisiyanisa rusununguko chomukati muusungwa hwevanhu, uyewo kuramba hwenyika, pamwe pavaishanda basa manzwiro ayo uye baser uipi - zvose motifs izvi uye misoro vari zvakafanana mavara uye kudanana nhetembo, uye kudanana nhetembo pakati Pushkin. Muchidimbu udza pamusoro chii chinogona kutsanangurwa nenzira napedyo mabasa Alexander Pushkin ari lyric uye paakaita nzira.

Subjectivity uye Self-asian ari acho uye kudanana nhetembo

The Lyrics, sezvataurwa ne VG Belinsky, zvikurukuru kuzviitira, nhetembo rwomukati. Mairi munyori anotaurawo pachake. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti ndiyo tsika yakadaro uye aiva detembo kubudikidza Pushkin. Zvisinei, mune kudanana, kumaodzanyemba pakati unhu aya dzinoratidzwa kwete chete mashoko acho. By "Nyaya nhetembo" kune pamwero mukuru kubatwa somunhu kudanana nhetembo, izvo vakanga kunyanya kuratidzwa nemunyori.

Self-asian, uyewo kuzviitira, kune chokuita nacho, kuonekwa kwete chete mubasa rake "The Caucasian Prisoner", asiwo "vechiGypsy" uye dzimwe nhetembo Alexander chokuita kumaodzanyemba kumwedzi. Izvi zvinoita zvisikwa izvi pedyo uchidanana lyric munyori. Uye mashoko arwo, uye nhetembo muzvinhu zvakawanda odnoharakterny. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti kuzvipira asian uye subjectivity vanoitirwawo zvakakosha maviri Genres muna Pushkin. Subjectivity iri yakakura chinhu chaicho chiratidzo romanticism, asi mashoko acho ari Generic chiratidzo, kwete mhando: pakawanda, chero basa Genre iri kuzviitira.

Movement kubva Romantic realism

Pfungwa kukura okugadzira zvinhu Alexander kubva romanticism kuti realism kunogona kuva mafungu, vamwe rakada migove achimiririrwa sangano kuti chinangwa kubva kuzviitira, kusvikira socio-zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe kuzvipira asian. Zvisinei, ichi rinoshanda chete yakakura, kwete mashoko acho. Kana zvapedzisira kutaurwa, achinyora kuti Alexander kubva zvetsika romanticism haina chokuita kunyanyisa subjectivity kwayo, uye pamusoro "System". Mudetembi haana aenderane shoma uye namahwindo hurongwa. Romantic nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin haana kufanira kupinda yakaoma canons. Zvisinei, nokuda tsika Alexander Ndaifanira kuteerera kwavari, uye akaita izvozvo, kunyange zvazvo nguva dzose uye kwete kwose kwose.

Zvinoumba romanticism uye realism nehurongwa

Romantic manyorerwo uye poetics, mukusiyana kuti muiti wechokwadi, akavapo mukati hwakagadzwa uri hurongwa, ndingadaro akavharwa. In pfupi yenguva ivo yambokurukurwa kutsigira nyaya "kudanana gamba" (aifanira kuva nechokwadi anopikisa vazhinji, mwoyo, kutobaya), zano (kazhinji zvekumwe, vnebytovogo), nzvimbo (the kutobaya, zvikuru, dzakadururwa mheni, gravitating kune husinganzwisisiki uye kwatangwa) , manyorerwo (s kuvenga enyaya zvikamu, nokuda zvikuru chaizvo nhamba), uye zvichingodaro. d. realism havana kusikwa akatsiga zvikuru uye yakavharwa pfungwa. Pasi ino, pfungwa rangano kana hunhu kuridza kujeka chaizvo. Realism pachinhu Romanticism haana chete mberi asi chinosunungura mirayiridzo. Liberty vaizviti muna Romanticism, wakaratidzwa zvakakwana chete realism. Izvi zvinoratidzwa Kunyanya zvakajeka mune mabasa Pushkin.

Pfungwa yokuti 'romanticism "muna Pushkin

Alexander aiziva insufficiency kuti uchidanana poetics kubvira wake mapatani uye dzemunharaunda akatanga kungatadzisa okugadzira zvinhu ake uye enhetembo chido chacho. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti sangano vakananga realism munyori conceptualized senzira kunzwisiswa romanticism romanticism kuti "chokwadi". Akanga pedyo womukati rusununguko kuzivisa hurongwa. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero nei haana kuda kurega pfungwa "romanticism".