Sechivako leukocytes dzevanhu. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako ropa masero machena

Ropa anoramba circulates muropa mudziyo hurongwa. Iye anoita mumuviri kuchikosha chaizvo kushanda: kufema, zvekufambisa, kuchengeteka uye pamutemo, ichipa kuramba womukati ezvinhu muviri.

Blood - ndiye mumwe connective zvinyama randinogara intercellular fuma emura ane yakaoma sezvamunoita. Hunosanganisira yeplasma uye masero yakaturikwa mairi, kana anonzi masero eropa: leukocytes, erythrocytes uye maplatelet. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1 mm ³ ropa leukocytes kunobva 5 kusvika 8 zviuru RBCs -. Mamiriyoni 4,5 kusvika 5, uye maplatelet - kubva 200 kusvika 400 zviuru.

Huwandu ropa mumuviri hwakanaka munhu anenge 4,5 kusvika 5 litres. 55-60% bhuku chepamusoro plasma, nokuita zvinhu zviri 40-45% yose inowanwa. A yeplasma - a translucent yellowish mvura, mukati paine mvura (90%), makemikari uye inorganic zvinhu, mavhitaminzi, amino acids, mahormone, metabolites.

The nemamiriro chena ropa masero

White masero eropa - ndiro masero eropa, izvo Hauoneki cytoplasm. Vanogona kuwanikwa plasma uye node. Kazhinji ndivo masero machena eropa, vane mwoyo, asi havana kugara chimiro. Ndiyo STRUCTURAL zviri chena muropa masero. Masero aya yakaumbwa muna chirwatata, node nodes, mwongo. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako ropa Masero kuona ya upenyu hwavo, zviri 2 kusvika 4 mazuva. Pashure paizvozvo, vanoparadzwa ari chirwatata.

White ropa masero: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Kana isu funga chadzo uye morphological maitiro ropa masero machena, zvinogona kunzi vari masero kuti ane neerekitironi protoplasm. chikuru basa ravo kudzivirira muviri pashamwari zvinhu. leukocyte mamiriro dzinovabvumira kuparadza zvinenge vavatorwa dzave aiswe muviri, vari kushingaira uyewo muzvitendero zvakasiyana-pathological pezvakaitwa kazhinji kurwadza chaizvo uye siyana siyana (semuenzaniso, kuzvimba kuita). Asi nemamiriro evanhu leukocyte siyana. Vamwe vavo vane granular maumbirwo protoplasm (granulocytes), nevamwe hakuna zviyo (agranulocytes). Ngatimboongororai izvi ropa masero machena zvizere.

The siyana leukocytes

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko chena masero eropa akasiyana, uye vanogona kuparadzaniswa chimiro, mamiriro uye ushande. Ndiyo STRUCTURAL zviri leukocytes dzevanhu.

Saka, anoreva granulocytes:

• basophils;
• neutrophils;
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes anomirirwa anotevera marudzi masero:

• lymphocytes;
• monocytes.

basophils

Ndicho muduku dzakawanda sero mhando muropa vaifanira 1% kubva uwandu ropa masero machena. Structure leukocytes (basophils uye zvakananga) nyore. Vane woita, vane segmented kana uchibaya core. The cytoplasm chine yakasiyana chimiro uye kukura granules kuva rima mushava ruvara, chitarisiko akafanana caviar. granules izvi zvinonzi basophilic stippling. Inosanganisira pamutemo mamorekuru, makemikari, mapurotini.

Basophils kunobuda mumwongo masero zvinobva basophilic myeloblasts. Pashure zvizere kukura, vanopinda ropa, nguva chokuvapo kwavo hakuna mazuva anopfuura maviri. Mushure masero kupinda munyama muviri, asi chii chinoitika ipapo harizivikanwi kwavari.

Kunze kutora chikamu mune anogumbura siyana, basophils anogona kuderedza kweropa uye kubatanidzwa nokushingaira paaiita anaphylactic kuvhunduka.

neutrophils

Neutrophils muropa riri kusvika 70% kubva leukocytes zvose. cytoplasm yavo rine granules Violet mashava ruvara, vane mufananidzo zviyo yakaisvonaka, iyo inogona mavara pamwe kwavakarerekera madhayi kuita.

Neutrophils - chena ropa masero ndiro, sechivako sero riri kujairika. Ivo wakatenderera, asi kuti makirisito rakafanana seinä ( "muduku" masero) kana kuva 3-5 zvikamu, ayo zvakabatanidzwa ne matete tambo (zvikuru "vakura" muchitokisi).

neutrophils All anobudiswa mu mumwongo kubva myeloblasts neutrophil. Sero Vakakura anogara vhiki 2 chete, zvino iri rakaparadzwa chirwatata kana chiropa.

Neutrophil mu cytoplasm wavo ane kusvika 250 siyana granules. Vose dzine bactericides, makemikari, pamutemo mamorekuru kuti abatsire neutrophil kuzadzisa mabasa ayo. Inokuchengetedza muviri achishandisa phagocytosis (mutoo umo neutrophil akakodzera utachiona kana utachiona, rinoburitsa chinofamba nechomukati uye makemikari pellets anoparadza pathogenic mumiririri). Somuenzaniso, mumwe sero neutrophil anogona neutralize kusvika 7 utachiona. Chinonziwo mumabasa kushoma.

eosinophils

leukocyte mamiriro akafanana nomumwe. Eosinophil anewo woita chimiro uye segmental kana tsvimbo serin'i neerekitironi. In iri cytoplasm pane guru granules zvakafanana chimiro uye kukura, inopenya orenji ruvara, nowenyika caviar. In kwayo sezvamunoita rine mapuroteni, phospholipids uye makemikari.

Eosinophil achiumbwa pfupa mwongo eosinophilic myeloblast. Ikoko ndiko kubva 8 kusvika 15 days, uye ipapo achienda munyama vari kubatana kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

Eosinophil kugonawo fagozitozu, asi kumwewo (ura, Urinary turakiti, ari kufema turakiti mucous membranes). Iyewo ane chokuita chidzoke uye kukura neutachiona.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes vane woita chimiro uye inosiyana, uyewo huru kumativi neerekitironi. Ivo kuoneka mune mumwongo pakati lymphoblasts. Lymphocyte unopfuura chaiwo achikura chichiitwa, kubva responder ichi. It anokwanisa kupa zvose zvakasiyana-siyana masoja mhinduro, nokusika kutapata.

Lymphocytes, iyo pakupedzisira yakura iri thymus - a T-lymphocytes ari chirwatata kana node nodes - B-lymphocytes. Sero rokutanga huduku. Pakati rakasiyana-siyana lymphocytes ane nhamba 80%: 20% azvaitwa. masero All vanoraramira anenge 90 mazuva.

The chikuru basa - ndiro dziviriro iyo rinoitwa kuburikidza kushingaira kuita zvirwere siyana. T lymphocytes tinoita phagocytosis uye zvirwere siyana vanonzi non-chaicho nemishonga (pamusoro zvose pathogenic nemavhairasi, masero aya ndiwo chete). Asi B Masero anogona kubudisa antibodies (dzakananga mamorekuru) mubishi kuparadza mabhakitiriya. Mumwe kwemabhakitiriya mhando ivo kubudisa anokosha zvinhu zvinogona kuparadza vamiririri izvi zvinokuvadza chete. masero B zvinopa munhu dzakananga nemishonga riri kunanga pamusoro utachiona, asi kwete wanda.

monocyte

Muchitokisi, monocyte hapana graininess. Uyu kumbonyanya guru sero mativi chimiro ane panozogadzirika guru, izvo zvinogona bhinzi serin'i, rakatenderera, tsvimbo, chipande uye segmented chimiro.

It unovapo kubva monocyte monoblasta mu mumwongo. Muropa, upenyu hwake anotarisirwa ndiko maawa 48 kusvika 96. Pashure paizvozvo, chikamu monocytes raparadzwa uye chimwe chikamu anoenda munyama apo "dzinokura", ivo macrophages kuoneka. Monocytes ndivo kupfuura masero eropa ane kumativi kana denderedzwa neerekitironi rinoumbwa cytoplasm yebhuruu chete vakawanda voids (vacuoles), kuti ape mumwe foamy chitarisiko.

Macrophages munyama muviri anogona kurarama kwemwedzi inoverengeka, apo vari kungodzungaira kana mugari masero (agare pamusoro chete panzvimbo).

Monocyte inokwanisa kubudisa akasiyana pamutemo mamorekuru uye makemikari vanogona kuva anogumbura mhinduro, kana ndiEzekieri, kuti akarivhuna. Vanobatsirawo rikurumidze apore. Kutsigira kukura remafupa rinenge uye kudzorerwa tsinga fibers. Macrophage ari zvinyama unodzivirira basa. It kuchititadzisa ari chokuwanziridza pamusoro wanda.

erythrocytes

Present muropa erythrocytes uye leukocytes. Chimiro chavo uye mashandiro vakasiyana mumwe. A matsvuku eropa uri sero kuti ane chimiro biconcave disk. Hazvina ane chinoumba, uye vakawanda cytoplasm ane nzvimbo puroteni, inonzi hemoglobin. Inoitwa simbi uye mapuroteni chikamu atomu, ine kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Chizenga anotakura okisijeni kumuviri.

masero matsvuku eropa kuoneka mune mumwongo masero erythroblasts. Vazhinji masero matsvuku eropa biconcave chimiro, uye mumwe dzingasiyana. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuva idenderedzwa, denderedzwa, akarumwa, nembiya, etc. D. Unonzi kuti chimiro masero anogona kukanganiswa nokuda zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Mumwe matsvuku eropa yakawanikwa ropa kubva 90 kusvika 120 mazuva, uye ipapo akafa. Hemolysis - erythrocyte kuparadza Fani kuti anowanika achinyanya muna chirwatata uye chiropa uye ropa midziyo.

maplatelet

Sechivako leukocytes uye maplatelet harwuna zvakasiyana. Maplatelet vasina musimboti, masero vari duku reraundi kana denderedzwa chimiro. Kana masero aya kushingaira, ipapo vakaumba outgrowths, ivo akafanana nyeredzi. Maplatelet kuitika mu pfupa mwongo megakaryoblasts. "Shanda" zvose pakati 8 11 mazuva, uye ipapo akafa muna chiropa, chirwatata kana nemapapu.

Platelet basa rinokosha chaizvo. Vanokwanisa kuramba kuvimbika vascular rusvingo, kuti kudzorera nyaya kukuvara. Maplatelet dzinoumba thrombus uye pakudaro kumisa kubuda kweropa.