Sei Ndakatenga Chichikov mweya akafa? Vose mhosva zviitiko zviri mutemo

Sei Ndakatenga Chichikov mweya akafa kubva landlords

Kuti tinzwisise kuti zviito vaifanira huru hunhu, muverengi anofanira kureva muvambi - detembo N. V. Gogolya "Dead Mweya". Kubva ichi zviri pachena nei Chichikov aiitira mweya akafa. Asi nguva kuverenga dzimwe nguva haana kukwana uye rondedzero kunyora neimwe nzira zvakakodzera. Eya, Chokwadi, zvakaoma kuti vaimbe sezvo Basque. Saka, pane kutumira Gogol akapfuma palette mutauro Ndinoshandisa nyore retelling. A tsitsi, nekuti chete ipapo lyrical digressions mu "Vakafa Mweya" - kuverenga uye kana muchiona yevedza mufananidzo. Eya, vanonakidzwa muverengi kuchaita kuverenga kwako yokufaranuka basa, handizvo here? Uye ini acharamba.

What chivande

pezvaitika Key, iyo yakavakwa Gogol kuti nhetembo "Vakafa Mweya", aiva kukwanisa kuwana chikwereti - mari inobhadharwa kuti Board of nematirastii. In rubatso ichi akanga anazvo ne muridzi serfs. Zviitiko rakarondedzerwa Gogol, aigona kuva anoda kusvika mazana maviri apfuura, saka zvakakodzera kuudza muverengi mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu Russian upenyu panguva iyoyo. Uye panguva iyoyowo kutaura mamiriro ezvinhu protagonist munzanga. Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kuda kutarisa mubvunzo wokuti nei akatenga Chichikov mweya akafa.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Zuva 1718 Peter I chirevo pamusoro hono hwevanhu vaverengwe. Kubvira hofisi mumazuva iwayo yakasarira, nguva yakapiwa nokuda ramambo kuurayiwa, haana kukwana. nhatu yakapera pachinzvimbo gore rimwe, uye ipapo umwe matatu kuti abate munhu "dzokororo" - tarisa zvakarurama vaigadzirira pamazita, anotaurwa so "rengano." Asati ari abolition kuti serfdom "odhita" akadaro chaiitirwa makore gumi kwavo kuvazivisa. Pano, pane imwe inonakidza pfungwa - nguva penguva iyo inogona kurondedzerwa nezviitiko zviri nhetembo. By nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinoratidza zvinogona kutongwa kuti chiito ikabuda rechitatu XVIII remakore rokutanga. Uye Patriotic Hondo 1812 gore haisi chete zvakapfuura, asi kunyange Kukanganwika zvishoma.

chiitiko yaitonga

Kunyange pasina kunzwisisa nei Chichikov aiitira mweya akafa, tinoziva kuti akanga achangobva atenga, uye chete varume "kuti kugumisa" kureva, akanga chinangwa resettle navo imwe province. Zvinonzi aizivikanwawo kuti chirevo akabuda muna 1833, maererano izvo asingatenderwi "kusiyanisa mhuri." Somugumisiro, adventures Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov kuitika panguva penguva pakati "dzokororo" muna 1815 uye 1833 vake. Saka, mumwe ezvinhu Russian upenyu iyoyo ndiyo zvinotevera chiitiko: vakafa vanhuwo zvavo zvimiso nhamba yavapenyu, uye nokuda navo muridzi kuti wakaraira mutero anosvika pedyo Census - "dzokororo".

mutero munataisireva

Pamwe vawana vanhuwo zvavo Pavel Ivanovich akatora pamusoro uye mutero munataisireva kuti sokunge chinoramba kurasikirwa. Zvaizoratidza sokuti hapana zvichinzwisisika kuti zviito zvakadaro ikoko uye pakutanga kujeka nei Chichikov aiitira mweya akafa. Asi pakanga pachine zvimwe nuances mu mitemo kubvumira huru hunhu kuvaka enhema vanoronga kuita mari. Panguva iyoyo, hurumende Aitarisira muridzi upfumi kuitira kudzivisa achidzikisa nhamba dzavo uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa. Pashure pezvose, hurumende aifanira kugamuchira mutero uye vaiendeswa. Kana muridzi akafa asina vakuru (vanokwanisa) venhaka, kana rokuchenesa chaiitirwa Zvikasashandiswa, pamusoro mazita akadai angapiwa kuitarisira.

namatirastii Council

Imperial muchengeti makanzuru dzakatangwa pana Moscow uye St. Petersburg Foster mudzimba. Basa ravo kuramba rinoremekedzwa gavhuna, chero bedzi harimiri kuvapo. Akakanganiswa Estates aigona kutengeswa panguva okisheni kupfuura akapfuma muridzi. Chero womunda aigona kugamuchira yechimbadzo chikwereti nokupora utariri pamusoro chibatiso nyika uye vanhuwo zvavo. zvikwereti kwakadaro vakapiwa kuitarisira makanzuru, ane kwainyanya mari chete vaiva mari yakagamuchirwa kubva okisheni. Kana mukupera kwokuripirwa mubereko kana kukundikana kudzorera chikwereti munguva yakafanira munda vaeni achitsigira kadhi sangano uye kutengeswa okisheni. Izvi "vhiri" raigona zvayaitenderera paguyo kwenguva refu, asi enterprising Chichikov afunga sei kuti vatasve payo kubatsira pachavo.

kubiridzira

Iye, chokwadi, aida kuwana chikwereti pamusoro kuchengetedzwa serfs, asi sezvo vakadaro haana, ndakasarudza kutenga kwavari. Panguva iyoyowo akaronga "papepa" tenga cheaply vanhuwo zvavo vakafa, asi vaionekwa nomutemo vapenyu. Chokwadi, Chichikov akanga asiri kuenda mune ramangwana kubhadhara yokuvhota, kufarirwa pamusoro chikwereti, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro kubhadhara chikwereti. Tenderera imwe vanonyengedza kuwana rubatso angadai zvisingabviri kana Chichikov vaiva varimi zvekunyepera chete, asi haana kunyika. Tenga nyika chete kudunhu, apo varimi yaizova kudhura. Uyezve, nokuti zvaizova zvakawanda, kuti serfs ukarega kuva. Naizvozvo, akachenjera Pavel Ivanovich akasarudza kutenga zvakachipa kunyika iri kure nemaguta ose Kherson dunhu, uye vanhuwo zvavo wake "nokuti kurega." On mapepa zvose wekuita uye tarisa hapana, saka, kupa chikwereti.