Semantic network: tsanangudzo, zvinyorwa uye kushandiswa

A semantic network ndeyomufananidzo weimwe nzvimbo. Nyoreyo inovakwa nemhando yechirongwa chinotenderera, umo maziso ari zvinhu zveimba yakatarwa, uye mitsara kana arcs inobatana pakati pezvinhu. Basa rezvinhu rinogona kunge riri pfungwa, nzvimbo, zviitiko, maitiro kana maitiro, uye nhamba yemikana inogona kuitika yehukama hwehukama hunoenderana chete nemusiki wayo, zvichienderana nezvinangwa. Nokudaro, chero mashetic network ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekumiririra ruzivo. Mukuwedzera, ndiyo inonyanya kuonekwa nehupfungwa hwehuropi hwevanhu.

Kwenguva yokutanga, shoko rokuti "semantic network" rakashandiswa muna 1968-1969 mubasa reAmerican psychologist Quillian, uyo akadzidza semantic memory. Gare gare shoko iri rakatanga kushingaira kushandiswa mumathematics, computer science uye linguistics. Nhasi, mharidzo yeruzivo rwechimiro chemasantic network inowanzoonekwa mune dzakawanda mashizha edzivo, kune dzakawanda zvizhinji zvezvo, uye zvose zvinopesana kubva kune imwe neimwe muhuwandu hwemarudzi ehukama, nhamba yezvakaitwa uye ukuru.

Kana nhamba yehukama hwemhando inotorwa sechikonzero chekutsanangurira, ipapo imwe nheyo yekumanikidza inogona kutumirwa kune imwe yega kana yega isingagoneki. Nehutano hwakanaka, pane imwe chete yerudo (miseve). Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzine mitambo miviri kana kupfuura yehukama. Nechinangwa chinobatsira, chinonyanya kufadza ndicho chirevo chekuita semantic network. Muenzaniso wehutano hwakadaro ndiyo yakagadzirwa neIndaneti inonzi Wikipedia.

Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, semantic mitambo yakakamurwa kuva bhinari uye n-ary. Bhinari mienzaniso inoratidza hukama huri pakati pezvinhu zviviri (pfungwa) uye ndezvisi nyore uye zvinonyanya kukodzera kuenzanisira. Mifananidzo ye n-ary, iyo kazhinji, inosangana mukuita uye inofanirwa kukarongedza kubatana pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

Pakupedzisira, muhukuru, chero sangano rekuita semantic rinogona kuonekwa kune zviduku zviduku zvinogadzirisa mamwe mabasa, kana kumagetsi ehurumende inoshandiswa sechikonzero chekusika zvirongwa, kana kuti boka rezvirongwa zvenyika yose.

Kana tichitaura pamusoro penzvimbo iyo semantic network dzakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya kupararira kusvika panguva ino, iyi ndiyo kunyatsoita shanduro yesayenzi. Icho chiri munharaunda iyi yeruzivo kuti pfungwa ye network inoshandiswa kakawanda. Kazhinji, makombiyuta semantic network anoshandiswa kushandura kushandiswa kwemichina yemitauro. Muchiitiko ichi, shanduro inoshandiswa muzvikamu zviviri. Pamusoro pekutanga, mashoko acho anotsanangurwa mune izvo zvinonzi fomu iri pakati, kureva, chimiro chechimiro chechi semantic network, uye muchikamu chechipiri chimiro chemukati chinowanikwa chinoshandurwa mumutauro unoda.

Kubudirira kuita mitambo mazuva ano, kunyanya yakagadzirwa mitauro yakadai seNet uye Simer + Mir inoshandiswa. Mukuwedzera, nyanzvi dzenyanzvi dzakapararira kuti kushandiswa semantic mhando semutauro wekuonekwa kunomiririra ruzivo: Casnet, Prospector, Torus.