Sources MCHP: mhando uye unhu

International Private Law (IPL) - imwe gadziriro, izvo zvinobatanidza ndiwo mirayiro zvezvipfuwo mutemo weHurumende, zvibvumirano uye miitiro dzakawanda kukosha zvakagadzirirwa waidzora vehurumende, zvemitemo, basa uye zvimwe private ukama umo pane dzimwe maatomu akafanana. Panyaya iyi, hwevatambi pamutemo noukama kunogona pamutemo uye zvakasikwa vanhu. Chii chinoita, uye sezvo anofanira kuriritira yokukurukura kwakadaro?

Sources MCHP: pfungwa uye mhando

In pamutemo Sayenzi Sources mutemo dzakawanda zvinoumba chimiro rwekutaura uye nenzvimbo dzakawanda mumatare dzemunharaunda, ndiro runozivisa specificity. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chaiyo uremu parameters ane tsime MPP zvinosiyana munyika dzakasiyana.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mune imwe uye nyika chete vanogona kushandisa mitemo, akatorwa kubva zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvose zvinoenderana norudzi ukama pamutemo.

Kupatsanura anopa mutemo dzakawanda

Zvichienderana wevakadzidza tsika:

• Material manyuko MPP ndivo peculiarities oupenyu kwenzanga, riri yaingowanikwa zvinhu noruzhinji. Pakati ava chinangwa zvinodiwa munzanga kukura, zvinhu zviri muupenyu, upfumi zvinoriumba uye zvichingodaro.
• Formal mabhuku vari chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kuratidzwa mutemo.

Zvichienderana rakasarudzwa huchashandiswa kuti kugarwa ose nezvokukakavadzana mhando IPL mabhuku akakamurwa:

• Key. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvibvumirwano nyika dzakawanda kukosha, tsika dzakawanda zvemutemo hunhu.
• Auxiliary. Nyorawo magwaro akasiyana hunhu (kuzivisa mashoko, zvisarudzo, kuziviswa uye nevamwe), izvo yakasainwa nenhengo pemasangano munyika dzose, zvaakatonga, mashoko shoma nyanzvi mune dzakawanda mumatare ukama. Recent kunzi dzidziso.

General misimboti uye dzemunharaunda mutemo dzakawanda

Pfungwa yokuti zviri "nheyo mukuru" chaiyo zvakasiyana. Mamwe masayendisiti akakurumbira nharo kuti mukuru anogona postulates yokupira wezwi tsika mhando, izvo zvinozivikanwa kunyange mutemo weRoma. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndiwo nezvemakore ndechokuti mutemo asina retroactive zvazviri, mutemo yokusafa zvakwakanakira pamusoro zvakafanana mutemo, chibvumirano anofanira kuurayiwa uye zvichingodaro. Other masayendisiti vanozivikanwa mukuru mitemo pamwe chinokosha nenheyo MP.

dzakawanda zvibvumirano

Agreement International - chibvumirano zviviri kana kupfuura inoti kune mumwe, uchava kunyora uye pasi mutemo nomurayiro dzakawanda.

Yemarudzi hunhu chesungano iri pamutemo Chiito chaiye mharidzo, izvo ngadzirambe kodzero, zvinodiwa uye mabasa makuru vanotongwa mutemo dzakawanda pachinhu mumwe. Basa nechibvumirano yakadaro - waidzora hukama yomuka pakati vanotongwa MPP, uye Software (zvose nokuzvidira uye nechisimba pakuparwa default vamwe zvinhu).

The International Treaty - ndiko kwainyanya kubva MPP. Akatumidza chibvumirano anogona sezvo chaunoda, kubva zvatinosiita "chibvumirano", "chibvumirano" uye anopera "Convention", "bhuku" uye zvichingodaro. D. Chii zita International chibvumirano, ona mativi ayo, pfungwa vachingoshandisa zvatinoda.

The peculiarity weInternational chibvumirano

Features mabhuku MPP mhando pasi kufunga musengwa wavo repamutemo chisingazivi kurasikirwa simba rayo, pasinei muchimiro chibvumirano vechikamu havasarudzwi, sezvinonzi haina zita. Kunzvenga pakati zvokudya Chibvumirano rinobatanidza runoenzanirana basa.

chimiro chibvumirano

Yorudzii muri manyuko IPL? Concept uye mhando dzichakurukurwa pazasi. Saka, chibvumirano pakati vechikamu nyika dzakawanda ukama angava kunyorwa uye nemumuromo siyana. The yokupedzisira rinoshandiswa zvikuru isingawanzowanikwi nyaya, uye muna Russian Federation, tinogona kutaura, haisi tsika zvachose. Zvibvumirano nomuromo anonziwo gentlemanly. havasi zvibvumirano dzakawanda, uyezve, regai achireva pamutemo hunhu, sezvo ivo vanomiririra tsika mitoro.

The Russian Hurumende iri netsika drafting kuti zvibvumirano dzakawanda chete yakanyorwa.

kupatsanura

Zvibvumirano International vane classifications akawanda.

Zvichienderana chinangwa murau MPP mabhuku akakamurwa:

• zvoupfumi;
• urongwa;
• uto;
• vamwe.

Zvichienderana nhamba yechitatu-party manyuko MPP vari:

• bilateral;
• multilateral.

Zvichienderana nguva ukoshi:

• Urgent (nokunyora magwaro nokuti imwe nguva);
• undated.

Zvichienderana zvinowanika kusarudza kuti kubatana senhengo SPE mabhuku akakamurwa:

• rakavhurika (zvibvumirano, kuti obatanidzwa anokwanisa kuti nyika wechitatu);
• up (chibvumirano umo vadzidzi vanofanira zvinoenderana ushandiswe zvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa).

Pazuva kugutsikana uye mamiriro;

• venguva mhando (raiumbwa rimwe Okutanga, mumwe womumhuri uye kokupedzisira zvikamu).
• Yokudzidza (chibvumirano ayo zvasvika ne kupanana manotsi uye nemamwe ose urongwa fixable mune nhengo zviridzwa).

Domestic manyuko pireseri: pamutemo kuumbwa

The murayiro pamusoro zvose! Munyika dzakawanda dzemunharaunda ose Interstate mutemo private zvinosanganisira Russian National mutemo. Seinokonzera IPL, chinosanganisira pamutemo mabasa, izvo ave kero anokosha, yaida kugadzirwa kwemitemo mhinduro.

Havasi Kunze uye nhau chokuita vaiona pamutemo bhora. Panguva kusaina mutemo unokosha mumunda mutemo private akaita codification kwayo. Siyana yakafara pave nomutemo mapepa anoratidza kuti mashandiro ari yeEncoding muitiro kunoratidzwa mharidzo dzakasiyana.

MuRussia rakabatana hurongwa codification pakati mitemo panguva senyika haisi MPP. National Magwaro pireseri muna Russian Federation ane zvokudya pamusoro mutemo private kuti misoro, indasitiri-dzakananga pamutemo mapepa angashanda upi pamwero uye kuva chero mavambo. The aitungamirira basa ndohwaJehovha yokuRussia Constitution, mune simba kubva 1993. Zvinonzi zvakajeka yokuronga patsva ari "voruzhinji mutemo munyika" muchikwata. Uyezve, Constitution - musimboti mudziyo kuziva zvinonakisa miganhu kuitwa dzimwe kwakabva mitemo nemirayiro munharaunda Russia.

Russian epamba mutemo, seinokonzera IPL, rine mitemo yakawanda kuti varayire zvinodiwa MPP kudhumhana mhando. Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari - the Civil Code of Russian Federation. Kubvuma kwayo yoga zvikamu yakatanga kusvika 1994, 1996 uye 2001, ukuwo.

Anoyevedza nhamba yokurwisana zvinodiwa uye inosanganisira Russian Family Code, mune simba kubva pakupera 1995. International nomutemo mabhuku MPP zvinosanganisira gwaro iri.

Private mutemo dzakawanda mu Russia iri kudzorwa mitemo nemirayiro usimbise nemitemo nzira yacho wokumwe zvoupfumi uye mari basa pane dzimwe Kupinda. Kazhinji vaiona manyuko MPP vanoonekwa ne kunzwisisa, asi zviri zvavo anotsanangurwa dzemunharaunda mufambiro, yo imwe repamutemo indasitiri - administrative, zvemari, tsika, basa, vehurumende uye zvichingodaro.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza mitemo yakadai:

• "On vatorwa mubhizimisi runoyerera mu Russia," vakagamuchira July 9, 1999
• "On mari basa iri Russian Federation, riri muchimiro guru Investments", rinoshanda kubva 25 February 1999.
• "Musi Chamber of Commerce of Russian Federation" pakati 1993
• "On mamiriro murau vemamwe dzaishandiswa mabasa" kubvira 1995.
• The 1998 "On the anoreva nhema muitiro" Mr.
• "On matanho kuti vadzivirire Implementation vemamwe dzaishandiswa rokutengesa" 1998.
• "On ekisipoti kudzora" kubvira 1999

Sources SPE, vanobatanidzwa ndandanda dzinokosha mabasa ane Sub-mhando munzvimbo ino zvinosanganisirawo Presidential mirayiro Russian Federation:

• "On mazvake vanorumwe zvoupfumi basa mukati miganhu yacho RSFSR" 1991.
• "Pamusoro mazuvaano kushanda nezvavatorwa mubhizimisi runoyerera" kubvira 1993
• "On basa rwezvemabhengi masangano vemamwe mavambo uye mhando rwakashodoka mabhanga ne kutora chikamu vasiri mugari mari iri Russian Federation" yomusi 1993
• "Kukwezva uye vanoparadza basa vemamwe mabviro" 1993.
• "On kutsigira matanho kukwezva yokumwe mubhizimisi inoyerera zvinhu bhora" kubvira 1995
• "On chinokosha misimboti vemamwe dzaishandiswa mabasa Russia" kubvira 1995.
• "On mutemo vemamwe wezvokutengeserana ita mutengano kwema sechikamu mamiriro" by 1996

tsika dzakawanda

Types IPL mabhuku ane uye tsika dzakawanda dzose. To zvakananga atora kodzero yokugamuchira chinzvimbo ane tsika dzakawanda, inofanira kusangana mamiriro akawanda:

• iripo dzokororo chinguva;
• activation munzvimbo fanana ezvinhu;
• Kuwanikwa mvumo zvakananga MPP pasi pachavo.

Custom - ndiwo chaiwo, akasimbisa zvimwe nguva kare, kushandiswa iyo kunoratidzwa kakawanda. Zvisinei, hazvina kunyorwa kwese. Ndiwo musiyano mukuru kubva tsika mutemo dzakawanda.

mamiriro

Tsika International kwazvo zvakafanana zvavo. Musiyano mukuru ndiye kuvapo kana kusavapo pamutemo simba.

Nemirau tsika dzakawanda pamwero wenyika achava kunyorerana chete vaya vanotongwa SPE, muna State ivo vakaona icho.

MPP tsika dziri Russian Federation pane pamutemo uye zvokutengeserana dzakawanda. The yokupedzisira anowana chacho vanoshingaira kushandiswa munyika umo Interstate zvokutengeserana, kunyanya moreplavatelnaya.

umboo

The tsika inogona kunorondedzerwa anotevera zvinhu:

• mukuru kugashira;
• kufanana dziri kushanda;
• Kuzivikanwa ane utongi kwairayirwa nemashoko mumatare.

Tsika uye tsika

Izvi pfungwa akafanana uye bindepinde pamwe nemumwe. Custom - maitiro wokuyera, riri madikanwa, apo kwete kushandiswa kushanda. Non-abvume asingadi kukanganisa pasi MPP dzakawanda pamutemo basa. Asi munhuwo uye unconstrained tsika ungadzivisa nyore kupinda dzakawanda manyuko pireseri (tsika), kana kurudyi ichi kunozivikanwa sezvo akawanda nomutemo dzemunharaunda. Kuziva apo tsika rikaita tsika, hazvibviri.

tsika International, uye chibvumirano dzakawanda

Kubatana izvi IPL zviviri zvinyorwa zviri sezvinotevera:

• Kazhinji, tsika dzakawanda ushandiswe iri contractual hwaro, kuti kunosimbiswazve nemashoko chibvumirano, icho apinda State.
• Chibvumirano dzakawanda aigona kuva tsika dzakawanda.
• The tsika anogona kuita somunhu kwokunwa bilateral zvibvumirano, kuti kuchinja zvakakodzera uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita pamusoro kushanda zvimwe zvokudya.

dare mitemo

Inotevera IPL bhuku iri zvokutonga muenzaniso.

Case mutemo - hurongwa iyo inobva dzemunharaunda kusimuka sarudzo dzeutongi. Parizvino indasitiri pamutemo uyu akagamuchira zvikuru kukurumbira iri rinoti dzaichimbova chikamu British Empire. Pakati pavo vane Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand.

Kare, nyaya-law - mubatanidzwa vanhuwo kodzero uye kururamisira inodzidzwa muEngland anenge 650 apfuura. Dzeutongi yakanga dzinoratidzwa vamwe mukana wokushandiswa zvinhu uye mune nzira yaishandiswa kupima ezvinhu pamusoro hofisi. Pavazhe zvakafanana mutemo akanga dzinoratidzwa zvikuru kuchinja uye zvetsika yokusvika nzira dzekugadzirisa kukonana uye zvisarudzo. Yaiva yokupedzisira ndiyo hwaro ano mhosva mutemo.

Kuti "batidza" uye vanotanga kunzwisisa musimboti kodzero nezvakatongwa neizvi, zvinokosha kuziva zviri Mapato matatu-Saxon hurongwa anoratidza nemashoko of Latin mavambo uye ucharatidza pfungwa IPL manyuko: ndee decisis, reshiyo decidenti uye dictum.

• Ndinototsvaka decisis. Kana rinoreva "kuomerera chisarudzo." Pfungwa iyi, iyo anosimbisa kukosha chisarudzo rakashandurwa pachishandiswa matare simba, uye kuti akasungwa. Zvemazvirokwazvo kufanana kuti mutongo wacho rakapa, uye zvisarudzo hunotevedzana yakafanana kacho.
• Ratio decidenti. Mitumbi kuita pamusoro nyaya-mutemo, kufungawo mutongo wedare haisi zvachose, asi chete aoma. Kana kuti mashoko chaiwo, asi mugove umo runotikurudzira mutemo takatsunga kwakavakirwa zviri naJoshua matongero pachayo.
• Dictum. Ko sabatsira mashoko, zvinyorwa, anoti, mashoko dzakawira mutongo isina, nokuti haana kusika pamutemo hwaro.

Vakazvimirira kuona izvo pamusoro apa zvinoriumba zvirimowo mune imwe mutongo kwakaoma.