Supersonic rwendo chombo yakaoma "Granite" P-700

MuHondo Yemashoko, ivo vagadziri of USSR uye United States yakanga kutanga mabasa pamusoro pakusikwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti ane mukuru-nokukurumidza chombo torpedoes uye rwendo zvombo. USSR zvinowedzerwa ukama US kwakaita kuti chidzoke yeSoviet muchiuto chombo sevatsvaki vemapuranga, vakapakata Anti chikepe zvombo uye supersonic Ndege. Muna 1983, zvombo Naval Fleet of USSR kushandisa supersonic rwendo chombo P-700 kunzwisisa "Granite". Kubvira muna 1969, kubva pakutanga kwayo, uye kusvikira nhasi zvakaoma kuvandudza uye akanga asiri kusaroora bvunzo.

How kusika chombo?

The chombo P-700 "graniitti" akanga ava ouinjiniya maNGO achitungamirirwa V. N. Chelomeya. Muna 1984, iye akatsiviwa Gerbertom Efremovym. Yokutanga pamutemo miedzo rwendo chombo P-700 kunzwisisa "Granite" dzaitaurwa 1979.

Board zvionera maitiro anyatsosarudza kuti anoita kudzora supersonic rwendo chombo, vakaungana vasayendisiti uye mainjiniya of Central Research Institute "graniitti". Anokonzera nokushanda muchikamu ichi akagadzwa V. V. Pavlov CEO.

Muchiedza Kwaiitirwa vachishandisa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nengoro, yepasi pemvura uye ngarawa "Kirov". Kubvira 1983, zvose rokuvaka rakanga rapera, uye Naval Fleet of USSR ine panguva yayo dziripo kunzwisisa pakati P-700 "graniitti". The Photo pazasi ndiyo imwe chakagadzirwa Anti-chikepe chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Chii chave kubudirira maererano vagadziri neSoviet?

Munguva basa iri nokuumba supersonic rwendo chombo P-700 akashandisa pfungwa yakawiriranwa Kufambisa ose zvinhu zvitatu:

• Vehicles akatakura chiratidzo chinangwa.
• Svikiro umo marongero akaita zvombo.
• RCC.

Somugumisiro pakusikwa date zvinoumba rimwe kunzwisisa ichapa mukana kune Navy of Soviet Union kutsungirira dambudziko hondo gungwa: kuparadza simba chikepe uye mutakuri ndege mapoka.

Chii Zvikepe aine zvitsva?

Maererano chirevo Central Committee of CPSU, mushure anobudirira ndege nemiedzo, kwakaitika muna November 1975, "Granite" kunzwisisa zvakanga nezvombo:

• "Antey" - kuti yepasi pemvura yenyukireya.
• "Orlan" - rinorema renyukireya chombo ngarawa.
• "Merlin" - rinorema ndege akatakura ngarawa.
• "Admiral of Soviet Union Fleet Kuznetsov".
• Heavy ndege akatakura ngarawa.
• "Petr Veliky" - rinorema ngarawa.

On rudzi nhau saizi chombo rova. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko P-700 zvombo aifanira kutsiviwa zvikuru-chinja uye chiine Anti-chikepe zvombo vane nharaunda duku. Anofanira kutsiviwa akatsanangurawo zvavo neunyanzvi obsolescence.

kugadzwa kunyatsoshanda

Kuti tidzivise ngozi chaiyo inotakura ndege kubudikidza vagadziri Air US Navy Russian akawanikwa asymmetric uye mutengo-vanobudirira mhinduro. Akaita Masvomhu zvakaratidza kuti configuration rimwe nerimwe Russian yepasi pemvura kunzwisisa "graniitti" nyika isingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura zvavo US vatakuri ndege. Pashure basa riri mazuvaano vane zvombo uye vatakuri dzavo SIC "Granite", pasi kuvandudza uye dzigadziridzwe operative unoda, unogona kubereka dzakakwirira siyana kusvikira 2020.

Chii chinonzi chombo?

Rocket P-700 kunzwisisa "Granite" chigadzirwa ndiyo fodya-zvakaumbwa, nechemberi izvo unotora ane mhepo Inlet uye annular shangu cruciform empennage. The nechepakati Chikamu fuselage iri nepokuongorora pfupi bapiro ane mukuru kutsvaira. Pashure nezvekutanga chombo bapiro zvakunowedzera. The chombo akachinja kuti gungwa uye mhepo nzvimbo. Zvichienderana operative uye tactical ezvinhu RCC anogona kushandisa dzakasiyana trajectory. Complex "graniitti" anogona kuita munhu volley pakati ammo iripo, uye woshandisa RCC oga. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, nheyo: mumwe nekanzuru P-700 - mumwe akarova chikepe muvengi.

On chii chinangwa nezvatinovavarira supersonic rwendo zvombo?

Typical mabasa kunzwisisa "Granite" ndiko kuparadzwa wengarava kushungurudza. Maererano nenyanzvi muchiuto, aite kupfura pakati onshore zvivako zviri matambudziko. Chikonzero ndechokuti kana iwe kuyengerera pamusoro penyika chinangwa gos (homing) RCC haisi kushanda. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa iri zvionera nzira umo homing musoro kure. Asi, mashandiro sighting RCC anoita inertial hurongwa. Mapapiro P-700 vane yakakwirira zvikuru vachiridzira siyana pano uye kumahombekombe vanonangwa (kupfuura pagungwa). Nokuti kuparadza zvivako panyika nokuti PRK haatarisiri rutapudzo kwayo duku. Pasinei neizvi, kufanana kushandiswa rwendo zvombo pasina basa gos - chidzidzo zvinodhura: zvombo yakaoma "Granite" zviri nyore kuti muvengi mhepo kuzvidzivirira.

Sei pakutanga?

The inofamba rwendo chombo P-700 "Granite" anouya achishandisa dzinongoda achitevedza nechepakati akabatana ari turbojet KR-21-300. Panguva rwemberi chombo ndiko chidhina rinosanganisira mana akisarareta, uchishandisa zvakasimba rinochiwedzera. Nokuti kuchengetera ari chitundumuseremusere chinokosha chisimbiso chokufambisa uye kanda mugaba. Asati pakatanga RCC "Granite" P-700 mapapiro uye muswe vari akapeta chinzvimbo. Tichibatsirwa ari ainge akamonererwa kuita raundi cowl akaita kavha mhepo yaunodya. Kuti "Granite" U-700 munguva kanda zviri chitundumuseremusere haana kukuvadzwa exhausts, asati achimhanya rakazara nemvura wakatorwa shure. nzira Izvi zvakakodzera kuti dzinoita akisarareta kuti anosandudzira chitundumuseremusere kubva yangu. The ainge akamonererwa kuita raundi rising anozendama kare mudenga. Panyaya iyi, namapapiro uye muswe, vakanga kutanga muna akapeta mamiriro, vari amuudza. Mushure combustion akisarareta iri tilted, uye chitundumuseremusere nokuda kutiza uchishandisa boosters.

The chombo aigarira?

Zvombo zvinokandwa "graniitti" P-700 dzinosanganisira:

• High-putika rakapinza warhead. It anoyera 585 kusvika 750 makirogiramu.

• Tactical yenyukireya.
• TNT rinoenderana, uremu chiri 500 kilotons.

Nhasi - iri kuitwa munyika dzakawanda zvibvumirano - renyukireya rwendo zvombo "graniitti" P-700 hakubvumidzwi. Nokuti avo midziyo ndivo Convention kurwa muzvikamu chete.

Performance unhu

• Kukura chombo kunzwisisa "Granite" P-700 ari makubhiti gumi.
• Dhayamita - masendimita 85.
• Mapapiro - 260 cm.
• Asati pakutanga pfuti anoyera matani 7.
• The chigadzirwa anokwanisa kuita shoma ndege kukwira panguva nzvimbo kurwisa 25 mamita.
• Combined nendege nzira anobvumira chombo kusvika siyana kusvika 625? Km.
• Low dzemakomo trajectory kunoita iwe kuti kutizira chinhambwe isingadariki 200 km.
• Uchishandisa ANN kutarisirwa hurongwa ARLGSN.
• Pfuti angafanirwa pamwe rakapinza warhead, izvo anoyera 750 makirogiramu.

Nokuda guru guru uye refu velocity pamusoro P-700 Zvakaoma varove navo antiaircraft zvombo. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi zvechiuto, hondo pakati U-700, izvo inorema 750 kg asi, unoshanda chete kurova chipfuro nharaunda. Izvi imhaka yokuti, zvichiita kuti zviome gwapa kutsikwa pasi vakaparadzana anoshandisa rwendo chombo kunoratidzwa abnormalities vari kuwanda anosvika 200 metres.

Chii digital kombiyuta?

Nokuti zvinoita zvokukandwa nhungamiro kubaya akashandisa kushingaira radar musoro. Information channel anoshandiswa trehprotsessornoy bhodhi kombiyuta (FDC), kuti tikwanise kuziva vakawanda Inenge chinangwa chaicho. Munguva boka nezvekutanga zvombo (volley) muvengi vasabatwa anova zvinogoneka nokuchinjana ruzivo, kuzivikanwa uye kuparadzirwa huru pamusoro parameters siyana pakati chombo chinoita zvokukandwa homing misoro.

Kugona nokuparura zvinoverengeka Escorts, vatakuri ndege uye Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzepabonde ngarava kuziva kutsvakwa chipfuro uye kurova zvinokwanisika nokuda kuri muna pamusoro-bhodhi kombiyuta Data hunodiwa makirasi zvose zvikepe ano. Work FDC ndehwokuti zvemagetsi hondo anokumhan'arira kuti paakasika ruzha uye dzimwe mhepo kudzivirira nzira vanogona chinja kusunungurwa rwendo zvombo kubva chinangwa. Mugore razvino P-700 ane 3B47 chiteshi "Goldstone", iro achibatsirwa dzinokosha mano resets dzokuwedzera reflectors uye yokubata kumeso inopiwa munhu anokumhan'arira. Kuwanikwa onboard kombiyuta anoita chombo P-700 dzakachenjera zvikuru: PKR kudzivirirwa pamuvengi radar chipingaidzo, achipindura kuti vachiisa dzavo uye pave chenhema chipfuro nokuda kwokudzivirira kurwiswa. Pakutanga boka nokuda onboard kombiyuta anogona kutsinhanisa ruzivo.

Sei kurwisa?

Nokuti vachipfura huru, daro uko vanopfuura 120 km kubva P-700 inokwira kusvika kukwirira 17 km. Chikamu chakakura ndege anoitwa pa ichi pamwero. Panguva kukwira iyi chitundumuseremusere ipfupi kukanganisa mumhepo nemishonga inoita kuponesa mafuta. Pachiyero 17 km nharaunda kwakavandudzwa chipfuro vasabatwa. Kamwe kubaya akawanikwa, yazivikanwa rinoitwa. Zvino Akasunungura chitundumuseremusere ipfupi 25 mamita. Gos kure. Izvi zvinoita RCC usingaonekwi muvengi radar. Gos ari kusashanda kare pamberi kurwiswa, kana zvakakodzera kuti tiite chaiwo yokutenda. chombo Kurwisa yakarongwa nenzira yakadaro kuti kutanga akaparadza kukoshesa zvinangwa uye ipapo - zviduku. Kuparadzirwa kwemashoko kunoitika pakati pamisoro zvombo pamberi kurwisa. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, kuparadza mumwe chipfuro chakagadzirirwa imwe nhamba zvombo. Kuwanikwa pre-chiite kuti rwendo chombo neimwe nzira dzinovabvumira vazvidzivirire kubva Anti-ndege kudzivirira muvengi.

ari RCC sei?

Attack yakabudiswa rimwe rwendo chombo chinogona kuendeswa kune yoga mudziyo. Kana vakaita boka kutanga, RCC kukanganisa zvakawanda rose motokari. Available mumhepo-wengarava mauto chiitiko P-700 vakaratidza yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda zvombo ari kumahombekombe vanonangwa ari muvengi kana avanoshandira muboka. Panyaya iyi, wokutanga chitundumuseremusere ine spetszaryad, waipedza zvinoreva zvose muvengi mhepo zvitaviro. boka Carrier anotsanangura kuti yarwisa guta kana chengarava hakuchina kudzivisa. Inotevera chokutambudzika kurwisa kuitwa nevamwe zvombo, asina spetszaryadov kupofumadza muvengi. The zvombo kunzwisisa vanogumurwa mumwe wavo anogona kuita somunhu murwi. Advantageously kushandiswa zvakadaro basa rokutarisira RCC atiza moto. Nokuti akapa kushandisa rebei yakakwirira. At kuvhura nokuda muvengi radar kana kuparadzwa kwayo, aiming basa kwaita anotarisira zvimwe supersonic rwendo chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

dzidziso 2016

October 16, 2016, basa kudzidzisa kurwisa mishoni, vashandi vemo kuti yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Antey" airamba ari chombo P-700 kunzwisisa "Granite". The vakatozodzokera raiva mabukira polygon muna Novaya Zemlya yezvitsuwa.

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi zvechiuto, kushanda U-700 akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nechinangwa mabukira hachibatsiri kana vainyeperwa zvombo pamwe kwavo kutsiviwa. Panguva iyo kupfura muoti ari vakatevera panguva pasi kunangwa. Panewo imwe shanduro muviri; nokuda enyika kutorarama mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, chiitiko rakashanda somureza pamusoro NATO, iro Russia haana zvisingachashandi Soviet chombo vatakuri uye modernized, kukwanisa moto panguva pasi huru chero nguva.