Tatar mazororo. Culture of Tatarstan

Tatarstan - chimwe chezvinhu tanga Russian Federation. Culture of nharaunda iri kufarira zvose mukati munyika uye mune dzimwe nyika. Hapana mubvunzo kuti pane zvakaparadzana wechiTatar mazororo nevamwe. Kufanana netsika dzose rudzi, vari kufarira.

Territory tsika

MuRussia, zvakaoma kuwana nhau yaizova saka kunyatsoongorora kurindwa National kurangarirwa kwavo uye wokushandura kubva kumarudzi namarudzi. Tatar tsika vane dzakavapo munguva dzekare, zvakanyatsobatana chitendero, vopa goho racho rakasiyana chaizvo tsika.

Sezvo mienzaniso chaiyo chete zvinhu Tatarstan anganzi chinokosha tsika pa pakaberekwa mwana (unosanganisira kutaridza sequential tsika - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy), mukudanana kuchata nokuti mwenga (kubva pano wava wakakurumbira zvose pamusoro nyika ndeyokungoitawo yakadaro, somunhu roora), muchato (tsika iyi kwakaitika mumatanho anoverengeka uye aigona kugara kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu).

Faith uye tsika

Tatars - vateveri mutana vechiIslam chitendero. Islam rakapinda zvakasimba kupinda chaizvo zvinorehwa rudzi urwu, nokudaro nesimba guru rokuchinja wake kuzivikanwa. tsika Islamic vapenyu nhasi, uye naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti wechiTatar omunyika echitendero vachishingaira inopembererwa mumazuva edu. Kureva mhemberero chokuita nokutenda, kunyange pane dzimwe mazita - Gaeta uye Bairam. Special kuremekedza akanakidzwa mitambo yechitendero vakazvipira nokutsanya, chibayiro misi inokosha muupenyu muporofita Muhammad.

chitubu mazororo

Spring - chaiyo nguva muupenyu wechiTatar vanhu. nguva ino yegore nguva dzose kunounza noushamwari kuti kare pasinei nechitendero akaonekwa pakutanga chinhu chitsva, kudzoka kune upenyu hwezvisikwa. Saka zviri zvakajeka kuti mumwaka ichi chakaratidza kuva kumbonyanya guru wechiTatar mazororo enyika. Chimwe chezvinhu yekare mhemberero idzi unonzi "Kara Boz Boz tsikidzi" uye rine chokuita ne-refu akamirirwa nyungudika. Sezvaunoziva, chinhu chokutanga kuti kunokuvadza nyungudika - kuunganidzwa chando nemvura miviri, saka ichi chiitiko inowanzopiwa kupembererwa ave kukunda yokutanga kwematsutso pamusoro chando overstayers kure.

Spring New Year

Mazuva ano, zvichida chinokosha chitubu pazororo Novruz Bayrami ndiye - yakunda pamusoro Vernal rinenge riine. Kutaura zvazviri, nhasi ariko New Year ndiye Islamic karenda making. In Tatarstan ari chaiyo zuva rinopembererwa pamwero, Akasarudza kuuita denderedzwa mhuri, apo patafura anofanira kuva ndiro aripo bhinzi, pizi, mupunga. mhemberero idzi dzinokosha, vari kunze noisily uye nomufaro pamusoro pavanhu vose kwakatendwa kuunza rombo rakanaka uye mufaro yose gore. Muchidimbu, wechiTatar chitubu mutambo ndiyo nhoroondo yemhuri, uchibatsira nokusimbaradza ukama hwemhuri.

Hydyrlez

The tsika yekare marudzi mazhinji nzira imwe kana mumwe zvakabatana mombe maberekero uye kurima. No kunze, uye Tatars. Kubvira kare kare vachinge vanoremekedzwa zvikuru ndege mufudzi. Anofudza tsika azere wechiTatar yezororo Hydyrlez, akati pakutanga May. Munguva dzekare, kupemberera ichi kunyanya vairemekedza uye akacherechedza, somunhu mutemo, mazuva maviri-matatu.

Sezvo tsika ari pazororo iri vanosungirwa chipo kugadzira chingwa chaiyo - kalaki zvakabikwa rinopisa nedota. Huru mhemberero kuitika pachiitiko Hydyrleza manheru. Traditional zvinhu pamhemberero idzi - omoto, kuburikidza izvo kusvetuka vakuru nevana. On Hydyrlez Tatars akasarudza kutanga anofudza basa muchirimo, iro zvakare rinoreva yekare basa vanhu. Zvinonzi pamhemberero iyi zvakare yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati ari Crimean Tatars uye anoenderana Gagauz.

Sabantuy

Hapana nemhemberero Hazvizivikanwi kunze kwenyika sezvo Sabantuy - wechiTatar yezororo hwakatsaurirwa pakutanga zvokurima basa. Zvino kupemberera uku rinopembererwa musi June 23 asi munguva dzekare, musi vakasanangurwa vakuru, vakuru vakasarudzwa misha. Nguva pfupi asati kutanga zororo vana vakaenda vaenzi aine chikumbiro kuvapa inobata. The akaunganidzwa zvigadzirwa vana vakauya kumba, uye kare pane mukadzi hafu mhuri muvagadzirire mangwanani dyira patafura. Zvikurukuru, kuteerera rwakabhadharwa kuna yezororo kukanganisa, setsika ichi kunzi "rooks 'Porridge'. Pashure pokudya kwemangwanani takatanga mhemberero, okutanga - kuunganidzwa mazai nevana. Uyezve, mazai aya ainyorwa namavara siyana. Mudzimba zvakabikwa pakati pemabhanzi, pretzels, balls duku mukanyiwa - baursaks.

Huru mhemberero zvinofanira kuitika munzvimbo dzinoungana (pamusoro wechiTatar - "the maidan"). Imwe yakakurumbira makwikwi - kurwa vari nemabhande, kuresh. Panguva iyoyowo zvakaitika run makwikwi, apo vose vechikamu vakakamurwa zera mapoka. Match kuvakwa akasvetuka.

Today Sabantuy - wechiTatar yezororo, izvo akagamuchira mamiriro national mhemberero chikuru Tatarstan. It rinopembererwa kwete chete mumisha asiwo nzvimbo mumaguta makuru. Akatanga tarenda makwikwi zvavaimbi uye vachitamba.

Zhyen

Traditional mhemberero of wechiTatar vanhu kazhinji vasina nokururamiswa, chokuita kutanga danho iri zvokurima kwendangariro. Hapana Kunze uye Zhyen - kupemberera unotara okuguma mabasa mumunda uye kutanga nokushandisa muchina wokucheka uswa. In kare Zhyen akacherechedza pashure kumba Tartar nemisha vakuru akadzoka kumba pashure kurultays (nevakawanda gungano misoro siyana wechiTatar munharaunda). Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva tsika kupemberera uku zvachinja. Vagari zvimwe mumisha vakakokwa dzavo nedzimwe vavakidzani. The vaenzi vakauya navo zvipo: zvokudya, Kushongedzwa handicrafts akaita namatanda uye simbi, nyaya rejira, nechepadivi rinokosha zvingoro vakaenda kupemberera. Nekuti mumwe vakakokwa itsva akafukidza zororo racho tafura. chisvusvuro Total paanotanga apo kuvapo ose vakokwa.

Zhyen anogona kunzi mhando kupemberera kuti mwenga nomuroori. By Tatar tsika pane zviduku kupemberera, apo vakomana nevasikana vanogona kutaura akasununguka mumwe. Zhyen - mumwe mazororo avo. At vakawanda Mhemberero vechiduku vachiedza kuwana mweya naye, uye vabereki vavo, uyewo, vakaedzawo kuwana rakanaka mhuka vana.

Salamat

Pakati chinyakare mitambo Tatarstan, iro rinopembererwa mumatsutso, kupfuura chinozikamwa Salamat - kupemberera yakatsaurirwa kumagumo pakukohwa. Zita zororo racho raiva chikuru pakuzvichenesa tafura inobata, nechipiriso Salamatty. Wakaitwa furawa gorosi uye akabika nomukaka. dhishi iri akaita hadzi chikamu mhuri, mukono hafu chete panguva ino kuti ndishanyire hama neshamwari. Ipapo vose vakaungana patafura pamafundo, apo kuwedzera Porridge vakapinda mapoka avo zvinogadzirwa kuti chete kunge zviunganidzwe. Somunhu vaitire pashure zvokudya kuvimba tii.

Ramadan

Culture of Tatarstan, sezvo yava pachena, kunosanganisira hwakada zvakanyatsobatana Islam. Saka kuti vagere nharaunda funga dzavo rokunamata rokutsanya panguva yepfumbamwe, mwedzi dzvene Islamic pakarenda, yainzi Ramadan.

Post - mumwe nembiru akawanda Islam. Kutaura zvazviri, mwedzi uyu haasi mumwe kunze nguva kuti kuzvidzora wokunatswa mutendi zvose zvokunyama mazwi. Post (kana soum) kunosanganisira pakuzvinyima zvokudya, mvura, doro, kusvuta, yepedyo nevateereri. Kurambidzwa kuti pakupedzisira kubva mambakwedza mambakwedza ose romwedzi dzvene. nezviyero zvose izvi zvinofanira kukurudzira akatendeka kusiya vavariro zvivi uye vavariro dzakaipa.

Cherechedza soum nechikwereti akura zvose uye utano Muslim, zvisinei chechikadzi. Kusunungurwa ari pambiru anogona kuwanikwa chete vafambi, uyewo vakadzi (nokuda kumwedzi uye lactation). Semuripo zvichemo vanofanira zvimwe kubatsira mumwe nokutsanya munhu. Tatar tsika achakudzwa kutsanya. Ramadan rinopera huru dzinotambudza nemhemberero inonzi Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Fitr

Inotevera mwedzi Shawwal pashure Ramadan ndiye. zuva rake rokutanga - kupemberera Eid al-Fitr, kupemberera chokuguma kuguma yokutsanya. Pazuva iroro, mutendi pakupedzisira vakamirira zvakadaro refu-akamirirwa nepakumedura kutsanya netesa. Kufanana nevamwe vezvitendero wechiTatar mazororo, Eid al-Fitr riri pasi rokutanga mumwe nzendo nokuzvidzora wokunatswa mutendi uye kunoita paumbwe simba ukama hwemhuri. On nhasi vanhu vanounganidza chete semhuri yakakura, uye vanopedza saka kubva mangwanani kusvikira usiku, nokuda yekare dzidziso vaMuslim, uyai kumusangano uyu uye mweya hama akafa.

Yose zvayo, zororo segwapa kufara chaizvo mumvuri, vose vaitarisira kuti Eid vachafara uye budiriro yose gore rinouya. Pazuva kuputsa rokutsanya wavo zvinokosha kuronga siyana zviitiko varaidzo, uye mumaguta nhumbi dzinoitwa ne chinoshingaira kutengeserana.

Eid al-Adha

Tatar mazororo hazvigoni zvakakwana kurondedzerwa pasina kutaurwa mhemberero dzakadaro, sezvo Eid al-Adha. It rinopembererwa gore negore kubva rechi10 kusvikira rechi13 remwedzi pamusoro Dhul-Hijjah Muslim. Zvinonzi inobva kumugumo Hajj - the kunonamata matsvene Islamic nzvimbo dzechitendero. zororo iri zvinoreva chibayiro nokuda Allah. Eid al-Adha - chikuru rechitendero kupemberera kwete chete muna Tatarstan, asiwo munyika yose vaMuslim.

Mutambo uyu anoenda shure Biography ari Korani mumwe wavaprofita - Abraham. Maererano nengano, kamwe Wamasimba Ose akamugadzirira bvunzo: kuratidza kumuda kwavo, Ibrahim aifanira kubayira mwanakomana wake anodiwa kudenga, Ismail. Ibrahim akanga akasimba muna kwayo kutsunga kuita murayiro uyu, asi nekuti GD, unotenda womuprofita vavariro uye dai rufu mwanakomana wake haana, Ismail akabvumira kusiya mupenyu, asi pachinzvimbo kubayira mhuka.

Kubvira ipapo, vaMuslim kukudza Abraham Feat musi Eid al-Adha pedzisai kupira pakuuraya mhuka. Zvinoreva tsika iyi kuti kutevera muenzaniso mumwe wavaprofita vechitendero akakurumbira vakawanda muzita rudo kuna Mwari akanga akagadzirira chibayiro chaicho. Meat chemhuka pashure chipiriso inowanzopiwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Mumwe anoenda vaya vanotambura, mumwe - mutendi mhuri, uye wechitatu, vaMuslim ose anogona kuchengeta.

"Vaya kuberekwa zuva"

December 25 - chaizvo zuva tichitarisa wechiTatar tsika. Nhasi rinopembererwa Nardugan (mu mushanduro kubva wechiTatar - "wakaberekwa Sun"), iyo, kufanana Novruz Bayram, anogona kunzi seimwe Zororo reGore Idzva. Izvi chikuru yakunda vechidiki. The chikuru che zororo - tsika vachitamba uye nziyo. Vechiduku, senguva dzose, enda kudzimba dzavo, apo varidzi mvumo vari izvi nyaya inokosha chaizvo. Dance chikamu chine anoverengeka zvinogara: kwaziso, akavonga varidzi, fortunetelling kutamba, kunosuwisa. A chaiyo chikamu mhemberero vanofanira kuva une dzinoratidza. The nokupembera uye nziyo vechiduku vakaedza zvose zvinogoneka nzira placate midzimu yakaipa - madhimoni. Nokuti ose zvitendero, mugumisiro rinotevera okurima kutenderera rakanga zvachose ndezvokungotevedzera madhimoni avo chete, saka kana iwe kuvafadza, havangavi kuvhiringidza pakukohwa. Kuti aite izvi, akaita vachitamba akadai Linear, kutamba gwai, imbwa vatambe. tsika izvi zviripo kusvikira nhasi mamwe mumisha wechiTatar.

ezororo

Tatarstan munguva yedu - chinhu chinokosha anotongwa Russian Federation. Zvisinei, nharaunda yagara vaizviti kuzvitonga uye rusununguko. Dzarasika uchangamire kwayo muna 1552, ari Kazan Khanate yakava chikamu Muscovy, gare gare tinoshandurirwa Russian Empire. In mamiriro idzi rainzi nyore - Kazan dunhu, pamusoro chero kuchiratidza renaming Tatarstan kubva mubvunzo.

Chete muna 1920 ari Tatar zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic akanga dzinounzwa sezvo chikamu Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. August 30, 1990 yaiva kuedza kuwana rusununguko: nhasi, Dare Council of Tatarstan asarudza kuzivisa mamiriro uchangamire of Republic.

Zvisinei, pashure pokuwa Soviet Union, nharaunda asarudza kuramba mukati Russian Federation somumwe masangano ayo - Republic of Tatarstan. Zvisinei, sezvo August 30 rinopembererwa sezvo paZuva Tatarstan paumbwe zvokuvhoterwa. musi uyu zvokuvhoterwa-paupamhi ruzhinji zororo uye huru mamiriro zororo nharaunda. Other Tatar ehurumende-pamwero mitambo uwirirane All-Russian - ndiye Victory Day, International Women raJehovha Day, Labor Day, zuva Airwira Nyika Yababa.

yakasiyana tsika

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona chete shamisika siyana wechiTatar tsika. Kutaura zvazviri, akanga weaved zvose: ruzivo vanhu, nhoroondo ndangariro, zvitendero zvinofurira uye panguva zviitiko. Mumwe anogona kashoma kuwana imwe yakadaro vanhu vane yakadaro siyana mitambo. Haufaniri kuita nharo okupedzisira okuti - apo mumwe ari Russian New Year Evha inogona kupembererwa zvakawanda katatu? Naizvozvo chete imwe mhedziso: wechiTatar tsika akakodzerwa kubudirira kwaizotevera kupfuudzwa kumuduku zvizvarwa.