Temberi yeKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari muKolomenskoye. Machechi eOrthodox muMoscow

Sezvo akakwira kuchigaro cheRussia, mambo wekutanga weimba yaRomanov, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich , aida kupfuurira kurangarira kwekusunungurwa kwenyika kubva kuPoland kupindira, uye mukukudzwa kwechiitiko ichi akarayira kereke yaKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari kuti iiswe. Zvisinei, zvakanaka zvaaiita zvaifanira kuitwa chete mukutonga kwakatevera kwomwanakomana wake - Alexei Mikhailovich. Chikonzero chechi ichi chaiva kuberekwa kwevana vake vekutanga Tsarevich Dimitri.

Temberi yeKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari muKolomenskoye

Nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare dzinoratidza kuti muna 1649 yakabudisa chirevo cheTsar Alexei Mikhailovich pakugadzwa kwekereke yakazara yechitendero chemufananidzo weMhandara, yakaratidzwa muKazan. Mugumisiro waro waiva kuvakwa kwetemberi yezvidhinha mumusha wemadzimai eJaroslavl, uyezve, temberi yaKazan Amai vaMwari yakavakwa uye yakatsaurirwa muKomomenskoye, musha waiva pedyo neMoscow, uko imba yemambo yamatanda yakanga iripo. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakapera mumakore mana.

Temberi - chiyeuchidzo kukunda kwekare

Iyi chivako chechechi, yakashongedzwa netende rebheriri shongwe, yakapona kusvikira mazuva edu anenge asina kuchinja. Pano pane ruzivo rwemuchinjikwa wechitsauko chayo chakange chakanyorwa kuti chechi yeKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari yakavakwa panzvimbo yechechi yematanda yakanga iripo kare mukuremekedza kwezana remakore ekutorwa kwaKazani. Izvi zvinowirirana zvakaenzana nemiganhu yezvakaitika kare - guta guru reVolga Tatars rakakundwa muna 1552, pamwe chete, zana remakore rechiitiko ichi rakaenderana nenguva yebasa.

Kana iri kereke yehuni iyo yaimbogara panzvimbo ino, zvino, zvichida, tiri kutaura pamusoro petemberi yeKazan, yakavakwa mumakumi matatu ezana remakore rechi17 uye yakataurwa mune zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Tsika yeChechi pachiitiko ichi inoti pane imwe nguva pano akaronga musasa wake False Dmitry II. Icho chaiva chiyeuchidzo chokudzingwa kwemunyengeri kubva kuKolomna iyo yakaita kuti tsar iise rudzi rwechikumbaridzo kune zviitiko zvemakore iwayo.

Tembere iyi chikamu cheimba yeimba yamambo

Ichechi idzva mumusha weKolomenskoye yakashanda sechechi yeimba pasi peimba yamambo uye yakanga yakabatanidzwa nendima yakafukidzwa nemakamuri emadzimai. Zvaive zvichiitwa nekufungisisa zvose zvinodiwa zvenyaradzo uye nyore. Mutumwa wePoland, uyo akashanyira Kolomenskoye muna 1671, mubhuku rake rinotsanangura mutsara wekushandura, akabatanidzwa nekudziya uye kunyaradzwa nemanzwiro, ayo akaisa maranho evanhu vanoenda. Kureba kwawo kwaiva mamita makumi mashanu, uye upamhi - zvitatu.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa temberi zvaive zviito zvezvivakwa zvemukati uyu pakati peChishanu. Maererano nevakawanda vatsoropodzi, chiremera chetemberi hachibatanidzi pakutanga kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, asi pakuunza kukwana mafomu akave akaumbwa.

Apo chivakwa chacho chapera, temberi yeKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari muKolomenskoye yakabviswa nehupfumi hwakaenderana nehuwandu hwayo. Seimwe yezvinhu zvekuoma kweimba yamambo, yakanga yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa, micheka yakakosha uye makateti. Pasi rechepakati chechechi nemiganhu yaro yakanga yakasungirirwa nekunzwa, uye mifananidzo yacho yakashongedzwa nemabhanhire uye tirasi. Mazhinji awo akachengetwa mumakamuri akavezwa akaitwa nevatenzi veRussia vakanakisisa.

Theotokos muzinda mukuru

Nguva pfupi isati yasikwa kereke yeimba yamambo muKolomna, Kazan Icon yaamai vaMwari vakavakwa muMoscow paRed Square. Kuonekwa kwake kunobatanidzwawo nekutanga kwekunamatwa kwechechi yakawanda kwechifananidzo ichi chitsvene, chakaonekwa sechishamiso. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti chivako chekutanga chehuni chakavakwa muna 1624. Kuvakwa kwakaitwa pamutengo weDmitry Pozharsky pamhiko yaakanga aita. Kusiyana nemashoko mazhinji pamusoro pehupenyu hwehuyu mutsigiri uye mutsigiri weRussia, ruzivo urwu runobva pane zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.

Inofungidzirwa kuti, sezvo yakanga iripo kwemakore anenge gumi, temberi iyi yakapiswa, uye panzvimbo yayo kuvakwa kwezvidhinha zvitsva kwakave pachena. Iyi yekuvakwa yakavakwa pamusoro penzira uye pachinzvimbo chechinyorwa chechivimbiso muchinda Alexei Mikhailovich uye rakapedzwa muna 1834. Kuva chivakwa chekugadzira kwekona, temberi yakazova hurukuro inokosha yechitendero.

Zviitiko zvemazana emakore ekupedzisira muhupenyu hwetemberi

Muhupenyu husati hwavapo, hupenyu hwetemberi hwakabuda murugare nekufamba kwenguva. Yaiva nguva dzakawanda dzakapedzwa uye dzakarongedzwa nemari yevanopa zvipo. Akamupfekedza uye moto we1812. Chiitiko chakajeka munhoroondo yetemberi yaiva mharidzo pamusoro pekuponda kwemhuri yeumambo, yakataurwa mairi muna 1918 nePatriatori Tikhon.

Asi muna 1936 nechisarudzo chehurumende chakanga chaparadzwa sezvisina kukodzera kuRed Square - iyo iri pakati pekuita maitiro evanhu nemhemberero. Panzvimbo yakabviswa, hurumende yeguta yakaronga kuvaka gungano rekugamuchira kumapiyona, asi ivo vakazvipira ivo pachavo kuvaka chivako chevanhu vose. Mukati memazana mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe kereke yaivakwa zvakare maererano nemifananidzo uye mifananidzo yekare. Kufanana netemberi yemufananidzo weKazan Amai vaMwari muKolomenskoye, anoyeuka kusunungurwa kwenyika yeRussia kubva kune vaparidzi vePoland.

Kerekehedheni pamabhandi eVolga

Kuenderera mberi nekukurukurirana pamusoro pekunamatwa kwechifananidzo ichi chitsvene, munhu haagoni kubetsera kuyeuka temberi yeKazan Icon yaamai vaMwari muKazan. Muna 1926, yakaparadzwa zvachose, uye kwemakore mazhinji ndima yaro yakashandiswa zvekudya kweimba, asi munaNovember wegore rapera yakasarudzwa kuidzorera zvakare nenzira yaimbova nayo.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvayo inonakidza chaizvo. Inobatanidzwa nekutenga muna 1579 chechifananidzo chitsvene cheMhandara. Nokudaro, chirevo chaIvan Chinotyisa munzvimbo ino chakaiswa Bogorodichny chivako chevakadzi, pavakaisa kereke yegigi - iyo yakagadzirirwa kereke huru yematombo. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti vazhinji veOrthodox vakagara muguta iri reMuslim kubvira kare. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti ivo vaibatanidzwa mune zvekutengeserana, uye Volga yaiva inokosha yekutakura teri, iyo iyo yakawanda yenhumbi dzakanga dzichifamba. Zviri pachena kuti vaida temberi.

Yakavakwa muna 1595. Chikonzero chekutora nzvimbo yehuni yematanda yaiva moto unowanzoitika mumuguta uye wakakonzera kukuvadza kukuru kwairi. Kunyatsogadziriswa, akazovapo munguva yekutonga kwaChm Catherine Catherine, apo mari yakakosha yakasunungurwa pakuvakwa kwake, uye mubhuku rakatevera, pasi pePaul I, rakaparadzwa zvachose uye rakagadziriswa kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekuvandudza uye huri nani hwemazuva ano.

Mumazuva ekugadzirisa-nguva, kereke yakagadzirisa dambudziko rezvizhinji zvezvivako zvetemberi: Pakutanga yakasarudzwa uye yakashandiswa zvekudya kweimba, uye yakabva yanyongedzwa. Uye zvino basa rekusika patsva rinotanga. Nenguva isipi vagari veOrthodox veKazan vachaiwana mumhando yayo yepakutanga. Nenzira inofadza, muhurumende yehurumende nemari yakaunganidzwa, purogiramu yakawanda yezvinyorwa zvemifananidzo uye zvivako zvekuvaka zvakachengetedzwa, nekubatsirwa kwaizoitwa basa iri rakaoma.