Pskovo-Makapinda Monastery. Makomba ePaskov-Makapu Monastery

Imwe yematunhu makuru muRussia ane makore anopfuura mashanu emakore, imwe yevanamwari vakawanda vanoremekedzwa munyika ino ndiyo musha wemasitori weP Pskov-Pechersky, yakagadzwa muna 1473. Inenge iri pedyo nemuganhu neEstonia.

Kubva munhau yemamatare

Imba yeMasitori yePeckovo-Pechersky yakaonekwa mumapako pedyo neKamenets. Kwenguva yekutanga, inotaurwa munhoroondo muna 1392. Kutonga nenyaya, vaigara mamiriyoni avo vakatiza kubva kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, vachitiza kubva kutambudzwa kweCrimean Tatars. Muna 1470, panyika ino, Hieromonk Jona, wekuSt. George's (nhasi ndiro guta reTartu), akavaka kereke yaakagadza muna 1473. Yakanga yakapoteredza iye iyo imba yeimba yaPechersk yakaumbwa. MuPasitori yePaskov-Pechersky muzana remakore rechi16 guta rePechora rakabuda.

Mumazuva iwayo ekare, aya aiva nzvimbo dzisina nzvimbo, dzakafukidzwa nemasango asingagoneki. Vashandi vakanga vari pano, vakaona murume akwegura achinyengetera padombo, akanzwa kuimba kwemakwenzi. Hapana ruzivo pamusoro pavo, zita remudzidzisi wavo wemweya, Mark, rakachengetedzwa. John, mudzimai wake Maria (muhupenyu hwemhonasi akatora zita rokuti Vass) uye Mark ndivo vakatanga kugara munzvimbo ino.

Mugomo rejecha, John akachera Chechi yeMhandara Yakaropafadzwa. Mushure mechinguva Vassa akafa (akanga achirwara zvakanyanya kunyange asati auya kunyika yeSpkov). Akaviga bhokisi nemuviri wevakafa mubako. Asi, kumushamisika kwake, zuva rinotevera bhokisi rakadzorerwa kubva pasi. Jona akatora izvi sechiratidzo kubva kumusoro. Akataura kuti panguva yemariro yemumwe chinhu chakaitwa zvisina kururama. Saka Vasus akaimba zvakare uye zvakare akamupandukira pasi. Asi mangwanani akatevera chinhu chakafanana chakaitika. Jona akasarudza kubva mubhokisi riri pamusoro.

Kubvira panguva yekare, nyasha mune mumapako eimba yemamambo hazvina kurega. Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, mabhokisi nemapurisa akafa akafira pahondo yevarwi nemasoja, uyewo nevanhu vemuzana racho, havana kupinda munyika. Mumapako necropolis weimba yevateresi pane zvikwereti, izvo zvakazadzwa nemabhokisi akaomeswa uye asina kuputika kune zvivako. Panguva imwe chete, hapana zviratidzo zvekuora kwemitumbi.

Vanozvipira vaJona

Mushure mekufa kusati kwaitika kwaVassy, vashandi vakavamba kuuya kuna Jona. Shamwari yake yepedyo uye mumiririri Hieromonk Misail akavaka kereke yeTheodosius naAnthony pagomo pacharo. Kurutivi rwacho kwakatemwa masero evanhu vepakutanga.

Zvinosuruvarisa, nokukurumidza Imba yeMasitori yekare yegomo iri yakapiswa nevanhu kubva kuRivonian Order. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, apo abbot ainzi Dorofei, temberi yakasarudzwa kuendeswa kune netsoka yegomo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakawedzera iyo Assumption Church, vakavaka temberi yemapako weTheodosius naAntonia. Nenguva imwecheteyo, kereke yeVa Forty Sebaste Martyrs yakavakwa, kuvakwa kwebhanhire reimba yematange yakatanga. Rubatsiro runokosha mukuvaka rwakapiwa naMisyury Munekhin, murume akadzidziswa, murume akazvipira uyo akakwanisa kunzwisisa uye kukoshesa kukosha kwePecher.

Mabasa edzidzo

Monexin yakasimudzirawo baba vaKoneriyasi. Pasi pake, the Pskovo-Pechersky Holy Assumption Monastery yakabudirira. Zvakakosha kuwedzerwa nhamba yemamonki, kwaiva nekuveza, ceramic, zviratidzo zvekuveza mapurisa. Imba yeMasitori yePeckov-Pechersky iripo kare mumazuva iwayo inogona kudada nelaibhurari yakanakisisa. Ikoko vakatungamirira Chechitatu Pskov Chronicle. Kubva pamahombekombe ePechersky kusvikira nhasi mazita aJohn IV ne Prince Andrey Kurbsky asvika.

Hegumen Cornelius akabata mukunzwisisa kwemweya - akasika temberi kumaodzanyemba kweEstonia, akatumira vapristi ikoko. Zvisinei, basa rekudzidzisa rakamira nekuda kwekubudirira kwehondo kwevaJalimane.

Maererano neChirevo chaIvan The Terrible, Imba yeMasitori yePeckovo-Pechersky yakakombwa nedombo rine simba rine rusvingo. Munzvimbo yematari yakavakwa Chechi yeAnnunciation, yakagadzirwa nematombo. Nokuda kwevarwi veStreltsy, avo vakaramba vachiita basa, vakavaka kereke yegedhi reSt. Nicholas, iyo yakanga yakabatana zvakananga nemasvingo ehondo. Munguva yeVivonian War, imba yevahedheni yaiwanzopambwa kubva kumavirazuva.

Pskovo-Pechersky Holy Assumption Monastery nhasi

Pamusoro pemitenho yemvura yakadzika, masvingo eimba yePechersk anotambanudza maitiro mashomanana akakomberedza mugomba iyo Kamenets inotenderera ichiyerera. Kureba kwawo kwakakwana mamita 726, uhu hwuri kusvika mamita maviri. Nhasi nhare yacho ine 9 shongwe. Mukufamba kwemazana emakore-kare, nhoroondo yeMascow yeP Pskov-Pechersky Uspensky yakaramba ichirwisana nekurwiswa kweuto reLibonian rakatungamirirwa naStefan Batory (Livonian War), vatongi veSweden Karl XII naKar-Gustav, Hetman Khodkevich (Poland). Nhoroondo yekutora chikamu chemauto emunzvimbo yemitambo, ichipembererwa nechisimba chevadziviriri vayo vakashinga - mamiri neasptsy, akapera panguva yeNorthern War. Panguva ino, mhiri kumadokero kweRussia yakatamira kuGungwa reBaltic.

Vakuru vanofambira

Kubvira panguva yekare, kuvapo kwemamongi kwakange kuchizivikanwa yose Great Russia uye, zvechokwadi, kuMoscow. Imba yeMasitori yePeckov-Pechersky ikava nzvimbo yekufambira vanhu vane korona yemakore akasiyana. Anowanzoshanyira pano ndiIvan the Terrible, uyo akatendeuka pamweya weAbbot hegum Kornelius. Pane imwe nguva, kunyunyuta kwemuubati weunyengeri kwakawira paari. Nenguva mina ndakashanyira musha wemasitori weP Pskov-Pechersky Peter I. Imotokari yakaisvonaka, iyo ichiri mumadziro eimba yemamendari, yakarambira muchirangaridzo chekushanyira kune imwe nzvimbo yemudzimai Anna Ioanovna. Muna 1822, Alexander I. akamushanyira. Akataura nemuoni Lazar munharaunda. Pamafambiro 1903 Nicholas II akanga aripo. Pano pakutanga kwegore ra1911, Princess Elizabeth Feodorovna akanyengetera pano.

Shrine yemunharasi

Nzvimbo yekare yekugara inonyatsochengetedza mumadziro ayo masikirwo anokosha zvikuru. Imba yeMaspire yePikkov-Pechersky, iyo mifananidzo yaunogona kuona munyaya yedu, ine shongwe zvitatu. Chokutanga pane zvose, chiratidzo ichi chaamai vaMwari, icho chinoonekwa sechishamiso. Yake gore negore pamutambo wechibharo unoitwa nemutambo. Mukuwedzera, awa ndiwo mifananidzo yeTenderness uye Hodigitria yeP Pskov-Caves. Uchapupu huri munhoroondo dzezvishamiso zvekuporesa zvakaitwa nekugadziriswa nematemberi aya kuchengetedzwa. Mifananidzo inochengetwa muAssumption Church uye St. Michael's Cathedral.

Vakuru veimba yemamongi

Nhasi imba yemamende, inotungamirirwa neEminence Yake Eusebius, inonyatsochengetedza tsika dzemunamato, inocherechedza mitemo nemitemo yedamoni. Zvinoshamisa vanhu vanogara pano. Vakuru veMesitori yeP Pskov-Pechersky ndivo muenzaniso wekunamata kwechokwadi uye kutenda kukuru. Ava ndivo Archimandrite Adrian (Kirsanov) naJohn (Krestiankin) - nhoroondo dzeChechi yeOrthodox uye mienzaniso yakajeka yehupenyu hwemhondi.

Vatsvene vePokovo-Makabhesi Makonasi ndiyo muenzaniso wekutevedzera kwete chete vatongi vanogara muimba yemamongi nhasi, asiwo nevose veOrthodox vaKristu. Ava ndivo Reverend Mark, Mufundisi Vassa, Monk waJona, Monk Dorotheos, Monk Lazarus, Monk Simeon.

Monastery nhasi

Mazuva ano, zviuru zvevashanyi vauya kunzvimbo idzi kuti vaone shongwe huru nemaziso avo. Icho chiyeuchidzo chezvakaitika uye zvigadziri, izvo zvinofadza zvikuru masayendisiti pasi rose, ndiyo musha wemasitori weP Pskov-Pechersky. Zviitiko pano zvakarongedzwa nekambani dzakawanda dzinofamba kubva kumaguta akasiyana enyika yedu. Zviratidzo zvemuzinda wevatemberi zvakasiyana chaizvo.

Sezvatototaurwa, iyi imbasi inoita basa. Pano, misangano yaMwari inobatwa. Kugunzva shrines, vazhinji vanouya kuPaskov-Caves Monastery. Unogonawo kukumbira matikiti apa. Zvichida havasi vose vanoziva kuti chii. Trebs ndiyo tsika tsvene inoshandiswa nevefundisi pamusana pemukumbiro wemunhu mutendi kana kune vanhu vari pedyo naye. Ichi chikumbiro chomunhu kuna Ishe, uyo vatungamiriri vanotendeuka naye.

Nhasi zvinokwanisika kuendesa matanho kuMeastery yePechersky kuburikidza neInternet. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kupinda muwebsite yemamiti, uko inotsanangurwa zvakadzama kuti yakaitwa sei. Vatongi zuva rimwe nerimwe vanotarisa kuburikidza nezvose zvakatumirwa "manotsi" uye vanozvitumira kune abbot muimba yemamongi Archimandrite Tikhon.

Mapako omuhedheni

Sezvatotaurwa, mubako uye temberi zvakasikwa naimbova muporofita wePhkov John Shestnik.

Makomba ePaskoti-Makabhesi emakoneti, chaizvoizvo, imba yemamishe emakuva. Nhamba chaiyo yemakuva haisati yasimbiswa. Zvichida vanhu vanopfuura 14 000 vakavigwa pano. Izvo zvisati zvine chikonzero chesayenzi chechiitiko icho chave chakaonekwa mumapako kwemazana emakore: kune nguva dzose mhepo yakachena chaizvo uye kutonhora kunogara kuripo. Mukuwedzera, kunhuwa kwekuora muviri kunonyangarika.

Masayendisiti akaedza kutsanangura ichi chiitiko nechisingawanzo chimwe chinhu che sandstone, iyo inokwanisa kukonzera kunhuhwirira, vanamoni vanotenda nomwoyo wose kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa noutsvene hwenzvimbo iyi.

Kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kuburikidza nemapako emamongi kunotora pfungwa yakasimba kune wese wese anosarudza kuvashanyira. Nzira inovhenekerwa chete nemakenduru, kune runyararo runyararo ... Uye kana monoki anoitisa rwendo urwu anotaura zvakare nezwi "rinotyisa" pamusoro pezvitadzo zvevanhu uye achiripa, rinenge risinganzwisisiki.

Panenge pamusuo wemapako aya ndiwo mabhuku aReverend Mark, Jona, Razaro, uyewo Vassy.

Kubva pavanopinda kune mabheji manomwe pasi pevhu. Vanonzi migwagwa, iyo mumakore akasiyana yakawedzerwa uye yakareba. Nzira yechitanhatu neyechitanhatu inonzi hama. Mamiko eimba yemamende anovigwa pano. Mapilgrim akavigwa mune dzimwe mifananidzo.

Pamugumo wepakati pamapako mumugwagwa kune chigadziko chemwenje chaiyo. Iyo yakarongedzwa nenzira yekafurafura uye inonzi ive. Pedyo naye ndiwo mavhisiro (kumariro). Pakarepo mushure menguva yepfambamwe, muchinjikwa mukuru wemapuranga wakagadzirwa, kurudyi hwaakavigwa Metropolitan Veniamin Fedchenko.

Makomba eimba yemamende inzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yekudamwa kwevatsvene, yakagadzirirwa neminyengetero yevanyengeri. Icho chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chemhizha uye nhoroondo yezvakaitika.

Assumption cave temple

Pane staircase yakareba inotungamirira kwairi. Pamusoro pemukova pane mufananidzo waamai vaMwari veKiev. Pamusoro pedenga rinotarisana nemamatare, pane zvitsauko zvishanu izvo korona yemapapiro. Musoro wemisoro yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakachena.

Iko mukati mechechi haisi yepakutanga. Iine mitatu inopfuura pakureba uye shanu muhupamhi. Dzinopatsanurwa nemidziyo yevhu, yakafukidzwa nezvidhinha. Izvi zvinokurudzira kunyaradza. Imba yacho yakakura kwazvo, pane nguva dzose yakagadzirirwa kona iyo iwe unogona kunamata pamwe nechiedza chemwenje.

Mumvura yakadzika yekereke, kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba, mune zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvinyorwa zvekuzorora zveMonk Cornelius.

The Great Belfry

Hausi kure neAssumption Church ndiyo inonyanya kushongedza yeimba yemamendari, kana kuti belfry, sezvainowanzoidzwa. Dombo rakagadzirwa nematanda akaverengeka akaiswa mumutsara kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumadokero.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvivakwa zvakakura zvikuru zvechirudzi ichi. Belfry ine nhanhatu huru uye imwe yakavakwa zvikuru gare gare. Kutenda kwaro, chikamu chechipiri chinoumbwa.

Mabhero eimba yevaPisckov ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvikuru kwete chete kune nyika yeSpkov, asiwo munharaunda yeWestern Russia.

Sretensky Church

Yakanga yakagadzirwa muna 1670 panzvimbo yekare yaivepo yeBlagoveshchensk tempile. Sretensky Cathedral - chivako chine nhurikidzwa nhatu chakaitwa nezvidhinha, chakaitwa mumutauro wemasaini-wechiRussia. Chechi iri padhoro repiri. Muatari pane nheyo yepamusoro yeatari uye niches duku shomanana yemadhikoni. Biravira rakaparadzana nehukuru rusvingo. Pane matanho matatu mairi. Mawindo ose ane mawindo emaberere. Pasi rezasi retemberi rinotariswa nekarusi rakashata.

Kune kumadokero uye kumabvazuva masvingo eSretensky Church, mufananidzo wakachengetedzwa, wakatove wakadzorerwa kakawanda. Masvingo ekumaodzanyemba nekumusoro akashongedzwa nemapilasters. Masvingo akaitwa zvidhinha, ndokuputirwa uye kuvezwa.

Anoedza kuvhara

Pamusoro pezvakaitika kare kwenguva refu, musha wemasitadhi weP Pskov-Caves hauna kumbovharwa, kwemakore anopfuura mazana mashanu.

Munguva yeSoviet nguva, kuedza kwakagadziriswa kuvhara Pechersky Monastery. Vachizviona vanoyeuka kuti kana kambani inouya yakasvika kwaari nechisarudzo chokuvhara. Bhabheri akazvidzidzira nekutonga ndokukandira mumoto unopisa. Vakuru vakaora mwoyo, kunze kwekusina magwaro, vakakurumidza kupedza basa.

Bhabheri weimba yemamongi, Alipy, akasangana nevamiririri vezviremera nguva dzose, akataura kuti huwandu hwezvombo hunochengeterwa muimba yemamende, uye vazhinji vehama dziri pamberi pevarwi vemauto. Vachadzivirira imba yemamende kusvika pakupedzisira kufema. Akanyevera kuti zvakange zvichibvira kutora monastery chete nekubatsira kwemafiriya, izvo zvaizove zvichitaurirwa pakarepo pazwi reAmerica redhiyo. Iri dheta rakagadzira pfungwa pane komisheni. Zvinoshamisa kuti, asi kutyisidzira kwakashanda. Kwenguva yakati monastery yakasara yoga.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, apo mutezi aigona kuvharwa kana kuparadzwa, paiva nevakawanda, asi nguva imwe neimwe mune imwe nzira isinganzwisisiki yakaramba isingatauriki.