The nguva Geological nhoroondo paNyika kurongwa maererano nenguva. Kwakabva upenyu

Geochronology - zvimiso weboka nhoroondo yose Pasi kumwezve nguva, izvo imwe chiratidzo inozivikanwa. The nguva Geological nhoroondo paNyika iri kurongwa vakagamuchirwa panguva First International Congress of Vanodzidza. Isa yakakamurwa nguva yaishandiswa zvemaumbirwo, jogirafi sayenzi ukama.

nguva zvidzidzo

Kune chikero mbiri, kuona nguva aripo redu. Dzinonzi: stratigraphic kudzidza toaisa pamusoro Zvisaririra deposits uye geochronological, kufungisisa shanduko iri Organic uye inorganic nyika. At refu zvikamu Geological yakareba shanduka kwePasi mamwe mazita: eons, epochs, nguva, remakore, nguva. Kunewo duku nguva zvikamu, izvo anotaurwa mumabasa kwesayenzi, asi nekuda mukuru kunzwisisa nhoroondo Earth, havafaniri kukonzera.

Most zvikuru nguva

Stratigraphically Geological nguva Geological zvamboitika munyika kurongwa, rakakamurwa cheap car insurance zvitatu guru, iyo masayendisiti vanodana eonothem:

• Archean;
• Proterozoic;
• Phanerozoic.

kuparadzana kwakadaro ane dzisakarurama timeframe. The nguva hwake rokutanga kwakatora anopfuura bhiriyoni 2 years old, apo yokupedzisira zvinotora makore anenge mamiriyoni 512. Geological Nguva uye nhoroondo upenyu Panyika zvakabatana chaizvo. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja quantitative chikamu okisijeni, mvura, Kudzikamiswa pamusoro mumhepo dzvinyiriro netembiricha kuti quantum achikwakuka mhindumupindu. Watch ukama uyu anogona kuva muenzaniso kutsanangura pfupi nhatu huru yakareba upenyu paNyika.

Archean

Archean uye Proterozoic nguva - zviri 4/5 nhoroondo yose redu. Tiine Archean nguva anotanga nhoroondo Earth. Geological nguva chikero kunoita kutanga Archean nguva mabhiriyoni 4 apfuura. Archean Nguva - mukuru, ndivo vashumira kwemakore akawanda pane nguva - Rinotora makore anenge mamiriyoni 12. Panguva ino, nyika yedu inotonhodza, pova simbi chinoumba, wokutanga magmatic matombo kuumbwa, akadai diorite uye girenayiti. Zvisaririra dzekare, masayendisiti akaona pa kumucheto Greenland nhovo. In pakati Archean nguva, mukondinendi rokutanga, iyo masayendisiti anonzi Valbaru.

Panguva iyoyowo kuchibva rokutanga zvipenyu Panyika. Ungangove, vakanga yakatotsakatika anaerobic utachiona. The chidzoke youpenyu akarondedzera nedanho photosynthesis, izvo pakarepo wakapatsanura zvose zvipenyu miti nemhuka zvakananga. Origin photosynthesis kwakaitika algae uye cyanobacteria, zvitema-rwegirini raiva womukati mamiriro zvokuti chinyakare kuti kunyange musimboti vasipo mairi.

Proterozoic

Nguva yokutanga munhoroondo Proterozoic kunoratidzwa unopinza kuderera padanho okisijeni iri muchadenga. Zvichida panguva imwe unexplored yepasi pose dambudziko, asi kunyange kuchinja kwakadaro kwakaguma nematambudziko nokuti anaerobic tusingaoneki - kuti samolecular okisijeni afa. Saka, kutanga zvipenyu paNyika akafa akabuda, zvichiita kuti zvimwe zvipenyu, nechinangwa panguva kudyiwa O _2.

In pave kwakaderedza kwevari carbon dioxide inobvisa uye anowedzera uwandu mvura - aumbwa munyanza yokutanga, iyo, Chokwadi, yaiva shoma zvikuru pane nhasi. Uye makondinendi batanidza kuva kondinendi itsva, iyo yave kunzi musha - chiitiko ichi chakaitika mabhiriyoni 1.15 apfuura. Panoperera iyi kunouya yokutanga chando zera, chokuita misha iri rinobva matanda uye kungachinja munguva vachishandisa kutenderera nyika. Panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti anonzi ekare Zvakawanikwa zvisaririra okutanga zvipenyu - iri chokuita panowanikwa marangwanda ari zvipenyu.

Phanerozoic

Pedyo nesu nguva Geological nhoroondo paNyika iri kurongwa, anozivikanwa seMagwaro Phanerozoic. Inonyanya pachena chinoratidza nguva iyi - kwakabva upenyu mune ano pfungwa shoko. Nguva Phanerozoic makore mamiriyoni 542 akapfuura uye kuramba nhasi. The unopinza kuwedzera okisijeni akaparirwa ari kuwedzera chaicho zvinomera itsva chinoshamisa uye mhuka. Masayendisiti vanodana muitiro uyu yeCambrian kuputika. The Phanerozoic akazviratidza marudzi dzakawanda Zvirimwa ano uye mhuka vawana kuti musana uye akaita kirasi itsva zvipenyu Panyika.

Kupesana uku inopa pfungwa mukuru sei masayendisiti kuzodana nguva Geological nhoroondo paNyika. In kurongwa, vane nyore chaizvo kuti rangarira - tsamba yokutanga Archean, Proterozoic uye Phanerozoic Era akarongwa earufabheti.