The Normans - zviri ... The nhoroondo uye tsika Normans. State Normans

The Normans - ndiwo mumwe dzavanhu mazita hwokuchamhembe. Saka vagere Central uye Southern Europe iri VIII-XI emakore kunzi mauto anotyisa varwi, nechikepe kubva kunyika inotonhora. Vachirwisa vakanga dzose mapoka zvakachinjwa kuhondo, uye somugumisiro mepu Europe yakanga redrawn.

wanda anoreva zvakafanana

Rakanyangarika kubva panyika guru pakati vaFrank, mumiririri yakasimbiswa zviri Carolingian dzinza, Charlemagne. Yakanga yakapamba England. The vokuSpain, kunyika iyo uyewo akafamba makororo, achivadana vechihedheni zvikara - madhausami nokupedza muzita ose chinokatyamadza pamberi pavo. The British akavadana askemanami, kureva Supreme kuti dzakasimba nedota. In Russia yekare vakadaidzwa VaViking. Vanewo anozivikanwa pasi zita "Viking" (gare gare yakanga zvakaratidza kuti shoko rokuti "Viking" Norsemen pachavo akatumidza rwendo gungwa). Tinogona kutaura kuti Normans - nayo kuti vakundi sezvo vaFrank akati mudetembi, "kuti vakashinga kwazvo." Nemhaka ushingi, kusatya, akatendeuka varwi kuzopindazve pavo vagara kubudirira, asi zvakasiyana utsinye. Mukurumbira wavo ruoko kure - vaitya vatongi vose European, asi ndaida kuva navo mubasa rake.

Warriors kumarudzi namarudzi

The Normans vakaberekerwa varwi. Kwete chete utsinye hunhu uye zvinhu zvoupenyu pamhenderekedzo nechokuchamhembe mumakungwa inoita kudaro. Religion uye mitemo nyika vaitova, dzine mauto. In, apo vachagara nguva dzose kufadza inofara pashure porufu kuti Valkyries vakasimuka varwi chete uyo achazvirumbidza muhondo. Kunyange vakakuvadzwa uye musoja kufa havagoni kusiya muhondo uye aifanira kuuraya vavengi rokupedzisira mweya. Ipapo shure kwake akanga wevaNorse pachake (mukuru mwari), uye akapora mune nakisisa nyika hwokudenga Volholl husingaperi hwemafaro. The Normans - ndivo vanhu vasingazivi hapana tsitsi vavengi, kana iye. mitemo yavo akarova utsinye. Mumwe wavo ndinongopfuura vana vakwegura uye vakaremara (kunyange zviduku zvarakasiya) vakaurayiwa. Dzemunharaunda muupenyu hwavo rakavapo pamusoro emakore.

Zvikonzero vachirwisa

Dzakaonda hunhu, izvo zvakaita kuti hazviiti kuti zvikure zvokudya zvakakwana, vakamanikidzwa kuti pokutambudza nehama, anosarudza kudiwa vachirwisa pamusoro pedyo yakaorera uye akapfuma ndima, vakanga vari kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva nokumavirira. Havazvidzi vavakutonga uye ndima upenyu kuchamhembe, zviri kushingaira rakashandurwa navo inogarwa, achiumba ikoko munzvimbo. Rich nyika yaiva mhiri mumakungwa, uye mvura dzezvimwe simbi Normans musha wechipiri. Vaiva ngarava akanaka, yakatsiga uye hunogara. Warriors vaiva vakwasvi, ivo zvachose musatya egungwa uye akananga kure kure negungwa. Columbus asati yakawanikwa America, ivo, zvisinei, North.

Discipline uye kuzviisa pasi

The Normans - ndiwo navigators zvikuru, uye kuti akaenda nechiverengo zvikwasviso uye nechikepe, mhepo uye naro. varwi Excellent uye havana kutya mapiyona, kutya, rinosvika kupfuura kure makona Europe kunge vakapoteredzwa ngano. The unyanzvi kupfuura, vakashinga uye utsinye varwi vakava barsekami vaitenda werewolves. Vakanga asingakundiki. Mauto vakacherechedza kunyatsoomerera kurayirirwa, isiyo kuzviisa pasi pamusoro chinzvimbo uye faira varwi Vakuru, paiva bumbiro rukudzo. Vakanga mikukutu kuwana chinangwa ichi uye akadzikama, kwete kupa kumonera kure njanji. Chimiro aiva "Nordic, kutsigirwa." Chikurukuru, vanga chinangwa chikuru - kusika yavo akapfuma mamiriro, uye zvose nzira kuti zvakanaka. Asi ivo vakachinja pamusoro nguva.

Tanga wakafara kuwedzera

Nhoroondo Normans (uye pane vari rakanyorwawo) yakatanga makore 789. By nemahombekombe England, yagara zvikepe matatu izvo vokuDenmark vaibva Harland, nyaya yamambo Beotrika. Asi pashure Kumanikidza wemamongi Lindisfarne Island, akateverwa 4 makore uye akagamuchira yakawanda mbirikira, mumwe vachirwisa shoma vakanga ashandiswe kuguma remakore pamberi. Zvino makore 40 gadzikanei. Asi mugore 835, nokuparadzwa Sheppee - chitsuwa British nemhenderekedzo Kent, zvose zvakatanga. Uchiteverwa pagore kunoparadza incursions pakati Normans kusvika pamhenderekedzo dzose pedyo European. Mune dzimwe British Islands VaViking ashandiswe danidziro kunyanya uye chirimo, mwaka wechando.

Zvinangwa vave kubudirira

The Anglo-Saxons akavadana vahedheni, kana vanhu hwokuchamhembe. The zita "Norman" akavapa Franks. The 855-856 kuti hondo huru Marudzi akasvika kumabvazuva England nokusingaperi. Asi chose yakakunda England akanga chete muna 1066 maererano Duke pamusoro Normandy (wokuchamhembe munharaunda France), William, uyo anozivikanwa munhau sezvo Mukundi. Ndiko, kutanga Normans akavhiringidza kuchamhembe kweFrance, uye kunyange Paris, makasimbiswa munharaunda iri yakadhirika pasi pakurohwa kwavo vechiFrank wake Empire State, uye kubva ipapo akarwisa England. Nhoroondo Normans pamwechete accession kuna Chirungu choushe uye Sisiri zvarwo, unoguma. Uye vakadaidzwa ipapo yatova Normans. Vachirwisa vari pamusoro, nokuti varwi akava kuvarimi. Zvino vane zvakakwana ivhu rakaorera, uye kuva nechokwadi kwayo upenyu hunogona pasina kushandisa maoko.

akaberekerwa kuhwina

Norman kukunda akawedzera anopfuura mazana matatu. Somugumisiro, yakakundwa iri IX remakore Ireland uye Scotland. Constant kuedza kukunda England kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti IX-X emakore, Normans vakanga rakatora kuchamhembe, kumabvazuva uye nechepakati dzenyika. Akadana kukunda Danelare ( «Area weDanish mutemo").

Vakaita vachirwisa pamusoro frieze - mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa nzvimbo pakati nhasi Denmark uye Netherlands. Norman kukunda rakawedzera kwete Spain nePortugal. Muna 859, neboka rengarava guru rine ngarava anopfuura 60, rizere izere chakapambwa muSpain, vakasvika nemahombekombe North Africa. With 844 makore vachirwisa musi Spain vakanga dzose, nenguva, ivo kunyange vakakwanisa kubata Thiruvananthapuram.

Vanofanira kuwana chero nzvimbo

Munguva yose mishandirapamwe Normans, VaViking kwazvo dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye wakafananidzwa ne vomunzvimbo. Nechokumaodzanyemba Italy, vakapinda mavambo XI remakore, uye kubudikidza 1071 zvose vakauya pasi pokutonga Normans.

A basa rinokosha akaenda VaViking mu muHondo. Ivo vachishingaira muchirongwa pakusikwa Umambo muJerusarema. On nzizi Volkhov, Lovat ', Dnieper uye Volga Normans, VaViking kusvika Sea Black, uye vakasvika pamhenderekedzo iri Byzantine Empire. Vamwe vavo vanobatanidzwa kutengesa, pamusoro Volga River uye kweGungwa reCaspian, uye akasvika Baghdad. Kwete chete kuchafadza nyika zvakabata Normans. The yakakurumbira Viking Erik Ryzhy muna 985, akavaka nyuchi muna Zimbabwe, iyo, pasinei kwazvo ekunze uye chipenyu hasha ezvinhu, rwakatora makore 400. The inozivikanwa Mutungamiri kugara vakazvitsaurira kuna the saga, pazviri inodonongodzwa kuti mumwe wevanakomana Erik the Red vakakomba gore 1000, akashanyira North America.

Vachirwisa - kwete mugumo pachawo

Nokuti VaViking, kunyanya mu X-XI emakore, vachirwisa asaiva magumo pachawo. Munzvimbo dzakawanda vakagara, achiumba mamiriro, imwe nzvimbo munzvimbo. Part vakagara Scotland, chikamu South kweItaly. Hurumende akasikwa kubudikidza Normans muna Sisiri muFrance, kuEngland. Kumwe mugumisiro akanga nokuramba zvakananga kubatwa renyika uye sapakuparadzwa yacho zviri pamutemo mambo, sezvo muEngland. Varwi rokupedzisira mambo Anglo-Saxons vakakundwa Godwinson Harold pa Hastings. WeNobel anotora chigaro kuna William Mukundi. In The County pakati Aversa akauya wokutanga mamiriro Normans kumaodzanyemba Italy. It zvakateverwa Melfi uye Salerno, kuCalabria, Puglia uye Naples. Gare gare, masangano aya vose akabatanidza kupinda Sicilian umambo. Kazhinji, kutanga VaViking akapinda basa yomunharaunda kwamachinda, uye ipapo aiparadza navo.

The kwaita Normandy

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Normans vaiva managerial shasha. Havana kuparadza rapfuura simba mamiriro, kutora zvose zvakanaka kubva kubudirira. VaViking vaipemberera zvinoshamisa kukwanisa kuchinja kare akaumba pamutemo uye tsika masangano zvavo zvavaida. Vairemekedza tsika nebudiriro vakakunda vanhu. Mamiriro ari Normans muFrance akadana Normandy dzakatanga basa izvi nyika IX remakore parutivi Norwegian uye Danish VaViking. I kushandisa kwavari Hrolf chime ainzi saka nemhaka yokuti hakuna bhiza vasingagoni kutakura muviri wake yakakura, uye aifanira kufamba netsoka. The Normans akamanikidza Charles III ari Nyore kuziva nyika muromo Seine pfuma yavo. Hrolf akakumbira muranda Charles, akaroora mwanasikana wake, uye akatora zita yechiKristu kela. The Normans, uyo akasvika naye, uye nokuzvidira vakagamuchira chiKristu hwakakanyiwa vomunzvimbo. Kutora zvakanaka kubva feudal France, kuti Normans akavaka chivakwa wehurumende simba zvakanaka Normandy uye muEngland uye Sisiri.

The akararamazve kukurumbira

Shoko "Norman" ndiyo nyore. It anoshandura chaizvoizvo kubva Odin northman - «kuchamhembe munhu". Sezvambotaurwa, vanhu ava vaigara dzekuma Scandinavia, akawana mukurumbira nokuda kwazvo kuwedzera muna VIII-XI emakore. Normans anosanganisa masoja, vafambisi vengarava, vatengesi, vafambi. Sezvingatarisirwa, vanhu vazhinji vakanga tsika dzavo, chitendero, mabhuku. Norman tsika iri davi weGermany tsika. Zvandakatanga Kuziva zvakawanda mishandirapamwe zvakave nokutambidzwa kuna nomuromo, rokuti the saga. In rukudzo chaiyo vakanga vadetembi, akadana scalds. Chitendero VaViking, akabatwa ari ngano kugashidzanwa nanhasi mazita vechihedheni - huru mwari wevaNorse uye 12 - Thor, Loki, Braga, Heymndall nevamwe. Pakanga 4 mwarikadzi - Frigg, Freya, Idun, Sif. The mungano rakaumbwa kubvira V remakore uye pamberi kuitwa chiKristu. Akanyorwa mundima, "Eridha Edda" uye prose "Edda" - huru zvinopa Odin mungano. Mhiri kundima, uko Normans kana akamhanya nzira dzavo nguva yedu vakachengetedzwa Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda, twi Runic zviratidzo, vanochera matongo vakawana zvishongo uye mazango. Zvose chokuita Normans, chamuita kuti nhasi ane simba Pop netsika - mazana mitambo yemavhidhiyo, cartoons, dzakakurumbira enganonyorwa.

Another zita

Zvizvarwa dzekuma Scandinavia akanga zvakawanda mazita munyika imwe neimwe vakadaidzwa munzira dzakasiyana - mu Russia vakapiwa zita "VaViking". The Normans, uyo akauya Russia kuchamhembe, vaiita basa basa wamachinda Russian, uyo nokuzvidira chizvarwa kwavari, sezvo ivo vari mutsinga richidzutuka ropa Rurik, yakavambwa muna IX remakore Novgorod kwavabati. Akanga muvambi kwomuchinda mhuri, uyo akazova Russian imba youmambo wokutanga. The Normans muRussia agara mudzidziso pamwe simba, asingakundiki murwi. Saka, mashoko warship akapiwa zita "Varyag" uye mashoko orwiyo, vachirumbidza ushingi uye kuvimbika kuna Yababa, anozivikanwa nevakawanda zvino.