The nyanduri Dzhordzh Bayron: Biography uye mabasa

Dzhordzh Bayron, pikicha uye Biography izvo uchaona munyaya ino, ari chakakodzera vaiona kukuru mudetembi Chirungu. Makore hwake - 1788-1824. With nenguva Romanticism ari zvakabatana chaizvo okugadzira zvinhu George Byron. Cherechedza kuti Romanticism akasimuka mukunopera rechi18 - kwezana remakore rechi19 muWestern Europe. Izvi kuitika uri yakabuda somugumisiro rechiFrench Revolution uye Kujekerwa, chokuita nayo.

romanticism Byron

Vanhu vakaedza kufunga zvishoma nezvishoma, vakanga ndisingambofariri Zvaizobuda chimurenga. Uyezve, mutemo norudaviro yave kunowedzera. Romance somugumisiro paradzanisa ichi mapoka maviri rinopikisa. Vamwe akadana vanhu kuti vadzokere ateteguru mararamiro, kutsika yeMiddle Ages, kusiya kugadzirisa zvinetso nokukurumidza. Vamwe vakadana kuenderera zvakaitika French Revolution. Vakatsvaka kuti nevatambi unopa rusununguko, kuenzana uye Fraternity. Dzhordzh Bayron akabatana kwavari. Rinoitwa British hurumende dzayaitonga mutemo, akatsiura rinooneka. Byron Vakapopotera kuitwa Anti-vanhu mitemo uye yaidzvinyirira. Izvi akaita kusagutsikana kwazvo hurumende.

Life nhapwa

Muna 1816, mudetembi akatanga kurwisa noutsinye rutsigiro. Aifanira kusiya yake yaakaberekerwa England zvachose. An nhapwa imwe nyika vachishingaira muchirongwa hondo echiGiriki uye Italian Carbonari vapanduki kuzvimiririra. Zvinozivikanwa kuti A. Pushkin vaiona shasha Nyanduri-mupanduki. The wokuEngland akanakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pakati Decembrists. Belinsky, anoshamisa Russian mutsoropodzi, uyewo haana kupfuura pfungwa dzake. iye About Byron akataura ari nyanduri, uyo akaita mupiro mukuru mabhuku nyika. Unoda kumuziva zviri nani? We zano kuverenga mashoko akakwana Biography pamusoro Byron.

Origin Byron

Akaberekerwa muLondon musi 22 January, 1788 mavambo Chayo yakanga yakakwirira kubva baba namai vake divi. Uye Dzhon Bayron, uye Ketrin Gordon akabva chemhando vakakwirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mudetembi vakapfuura uduku muurombo hwakanyanya.

Chokwadi chokuti Dzhon Bayron, Guards mupurisa (yaifananidzira pamusoro), akatungamirira zvemaoresa chaizvo upenyu. Baba nyanduri akapambadza munguva pfupi miviri inoti huru iyo akaenda kwaari kubva pakutanga uye kubva mukadzi wechipiri, mai mukomana wacho. muchato yokutanga John aiva mwanasikana Augustus. Akanga ndakarerwa naambuya vangu, uye chete muna 1804 akatanga ushamwari hwake stepbrother.

paucheche

Vabereki nokukurumidza pashure kuberekwa George vakaparadzirwa. The baba akaenda France uye akafira ikoko. In wokuScotland muguta Aberdeen kwakaitika muduku nyanduri ramangwana. Pano akadzidza pachikoro girama. Panoperera wechitatu shoko mugwaro vaibva kuEngland kuti mukuru-sekuru George akafa. Saka Byron nhaka zita raIshe vakatamira uye Newstead Abbey - patrimony, iri Nottingham County.

Uye chivako uye munda waiva yakapararawo. Mari nokudzorerwa kwavo hakuna kukwana. Saka, amai George Byron akasarudza kurenda Newstead Abbey. Iye pachake, pamwe nemwanakomana wake ndokugara Southwell pedyo.

Kuti akaneta ake uduku Byron?

Childhood uye kuyaruka Byron zvikanganiswe kwete chete kushaya mari. Chokwadi kuti George akaberekwa akaremara. Doctors tega siyana mano kutsungirira simba, asi hazvina kupfuura. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mai Byron aiva kusagadzikana hunhu. Iye Wakatuka mwanakomana pakupisa nharo kuti kuremara mumuviri kuti chakaita kutambura zvakadzama jaya.

Education muna Harrow

George muna 1801, akapinda chikoro chebhodhingi muna Harrow. Rakanga rakagadzirirwa vana huru. Pano takagadzirira vamiriri yemberi uye enyika. Robert Peel, uyo akazova mufundisi mukati uye akazova mutungamiriri wehurumende England, akadzidza mukirasi iyoyo ine mudetembi kukuru kwakadaro George Gordon Byron. Biography kuti gamba redu anoenda pamusoro zviitiko muupenyu hwake pachake.

rudo rokutanga

Ndava nemakore 15, muna 1803, Byron kudanana Mary Chavort. Izvi zvakaitika panguva mazororo. Akanga mukuru George kwemakore 2 years. Pamwe chete, vanopedza nguva yakawanda. Zvisinei, ushamwari uyu haana kugumisa muwanano. Kuda Mary kwemakore vakatambudza kudanana mweya Nyanduri Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Brief Biography anopfuurira kurondedzera kwake makore mudzidzi, George.

studentship

Jaya muna 1805 akava mudzidzi kuCambridge University. Kurovedzwa nguva yaiva nguva zvakashata, mufaro uye mafaro. Uyezve, George Aifarira zvemitambo. Akanga muhondo tsiva, kushambira, fence, mabhiza mabhiza. Akaenda mberi kuva mumwe yakanakisisa vanoshambira muEngland Dzhordzh Bayron. Interesting zvinhu nezvake, handiti? Panguva iyoyowo, aifarira kuverenga. Nokukurumidza, vakawanda vakaona kuti Byron tisaone ndangariro. Akakwanisa kuyeuka mashoko acho yemapeji yose.

The muunganidzwa nhetembo okutanga

Jaya yakabudisa muunganidzwa rokutanga nhetembo, apo achiri mudzidzi, muna 1806. Akadana rake rinonzi "Die yokunyora nokudhirowa." Papera gore paiva dzakaunganidzwa "Poems kanoverengeka" uye yechitatu rechipiri - ". Hours yakawanda yokufaranuka"

"British bards," Dzhordzh Bayron

Brief Biography uye otaura vaverengi kuti zvipingamupinyi izvozvo rwendo wake upenyu. Kunyanya, mumagazini inonzi "Edinburgh Review" muna 1808 kwakaonekwa kusazivikanwa ongororo. It tsitsi vaimuseka isingazivikanwi mabasa Byron. Akanyora kuti haana kutaura mutauro mabhuku uye vamurayira kudzidzisa nhetembo, kwete kubudisa zveufende ndima. Dzhordzh Bayron mukupindura, yakabudiswa muna 1809 nhetembo "The British bards." chigadzirwa kwakabudirira zvikuru. Detembo hwevaPeresia shanduro mana.

Rwendo-gore maviri kuti akaita Dzhordzh Bayron

Brief Biography yake segwapa rwendo-gore maviri umo Byron akaenda pakupera 1809 apedza panguva iyo nhetembo inonzi "In makwara Horace", uye akasika Huchidetemba kufamba manotsi. Travel zvikuru kukura okugadzira zvinhu uye enhetembo chipo Byron. Rwendo rwake kwakatanga Portugal, pashure iyo George akashanyira chitsuwa cheMarita, Spain, Albania, Greece, Constantinople. Muzhizha 1811 Byron akadzokera kuEngland. Pano akaziva kuti mai vake vakanga vachirwara zvikuru. Zvisinei, George kuwana wake mupenyu.

"Mwana Harold outorwa"

George pamudyandigere muna Newstead akaenda kushanda nhetembo yake itsva, iyo akadana "mwana Harold outorwa." Zvisinei, apo basa rakapera, mupepeti Murray akaisa mberi zvinodiwa haabatanidzi kubva stanzas ari nhetembo, rezvematongerwo enyika hunhu. Dzhordzh Bayron, vane Biography zvinopupurira rudo rwake rusununguko, vakaramba Redo basa.

Mufananidzo mwana Harold Byron rinosanganisa zvinhu gamba mutsva, uyo ari vasingawirirani vachinetsana tsika uye nzanga. Chakakoshera iyi nzira vaipa kubudirira nhetembo. Rave kushandurirwa zvinenge mumitauro yose yenyika. Nokukurumidza zita mwana Harold rava shoko imba. Rinoreva mwoyo munhu wose, uyo akaramba pamusoro chokwadi, noruvengo kwaari.

Basa iri raPamusoro

Akasarudza kudzivirira nzvimbo yayo, kwete chete mundima. nokukurumidza Dzhordzh Bayron akatora chigaro mu Mumba Lords, izvo akawira nyanduri nhaka. MuEngland panguva iyoyo zvakanga mukurumbira chaizvo Movement ludditskoe, ari kutsutsumwa pamusoro Varuki kugadzira michina akaoneka. Chokwadi chokuti kushandisa michina basa vakawanda vakasiya vari pasina basa. Uye avo vakakwanisa kundoitora ungaderedza mubayiro zvakasimba. Vanhu vakaona mudzi zvakaipa pachirukiso uye akatanga kuvaparadza.

Hurumende asarudza zvakaitika murairo, maererano iyo vaya kuparadza michina vaifanira andotongerwa rufu. Byron akaita rwokutaura Paramende kuratidzira achirwisa utsinye bhiri kwakadaro. George akati kuti hurumende akaronga kuchengetedza zvido vagari, uye monopolists vasiri vashoma. Zvisinei, pasinei Kuratidzira ake, mutemo rakagamuchirwa muna February 1812

Pane ipapo vakatanga chinotyisa pamusoro Varuki, iro rakatanga mhosva rufu, muutapwa kuutapwa, mumajeri. Byron haana akaramba kure zviitiko izvi, uye yakabudiswa akatsamwa ode yake, izvo pachena kuti vanyori murayiro. Ndakanyora kuti Dzhordzh Bayron ane makore aya? A nhevedzano uchidanana nhetembo vaibva peni yake. Tiudzei zvishoma pamusoro pavo.

"Nhetembo Eastern"

Dzhordzh Bayron muna 1813 iye akasika akatevedzana uchidanana nhetembo. Muna 1813, kwaiva "Giaour" uye "Mwenga Abydos," muna 1814 - "Lara" uye "Le Corsaire", muna 1816 - "The Kukombwa Corinth." Mumabhuku dzinonzi "East nhetembo."

A vakakundikana muchato

mudetembi Chirungu Dzhordzh Bayron muna January 1815, akaroora Annabella Milbenk. Musikana uyu akabva ane revatongi mhuri ateteguru. Mwenga Byron vaishora ake pachena mabasa, zvakajeka zvinopesana hurumende unodiwa. The mhuri somugumisiro vakapopotedzana akasimuka.

The vakaroorana December 1815, aiva mwanasikana uyo ainzi Adoy Avgustoy. Uye muna January 1816 wake akasiya Byron pasina tsananguro. Vabereki vake pakarepo akatanga kurambana zvekufamba. Byron panguva ino akasika zvimwe mabasa rwakazvitsaurira kuna Napoleon, izvo akaratidza maonero kuti, achirwa Bonaparte, England akauya vanhu vake mameseji.

Byron akasiya England

Kurambana "zvakaipa" Maonero enyika kwakatungamirira kuti nyanduri akatanga baiting. Mapepanhau inflated zvokuti wokupomera kuti Byron asingagoni chete budirai munzira. Iye akasiya musha April 26, 1816 uye haana kuEngland. Wokupedzisira detembo akanyorwa dzavakaberekerwa, vaiva "Stanzas kuna Augusta", kuna hafu-hanzvadzi pamusoro Byron, yaiva rutsigiro kwaari zvose nguva ino uye kunotsigirwa George okusika mweya.

Swiss kumwedzi

Chokutanga, Byron aida kugara France, uye ipapo wokuItaly. Zvisinei, zviri French zviremera waimurambidza mumaguta, vachibvumira chete kutyaira kubudikidza nyika. Saka, George akaenda kuSwitzerland. Akagarisa pana Lake Geneva, ari Villa Diodati. In Switzerland, akasangana uye vakava shamwari Shelley. nguva dzokugara munyika - kubva May kusvika October 1816 Panguva ino vakasikwa kuti nhetembo "Rima", "Dream", "musungwa chillon". Uyezve, Byron akatanga kunyora imwe nhetembo "Manfred" uye akasika wechitatu Canto kuti "mwana Harold." Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda Venice.

Kujairirana Guiccioli, muchirongwa kwebasa Carbonari

Pano zvikazikamwa vakajairana Countess Guiccioli umo Byron kudanana. Mukadzi akaroorwa, asi iye akati nyanduri ari kudzoka. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Countess nokukurumidza akaenda Ravenna nomurume wake.

Saka, ndakasarudza kutamira pashure anoda yake Ravenna. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1819. Pano akanga achishingaira munyaya kwebasa Carbonari, uyo muna 1821 akatanga gadziriro kwazvakarerekera. Zvisinei, harisati atanga, nekuti dzimwe nhengo dzesangano vaiva vatengesi.

Kutamira Pisa

Muna 1821 Dzhordzh Gordon vakatamira Pisa. Pano akagara pamwe Countess Guiccioli, akanga atova vakarambana. Shelley vaigara muguta, asi mumatsutso 1822, iye vakanyura. Byron kubvira 1821 kusvika 1823 akasika zvinotevera mabasa: "Marino Faliero", "Sardanapalus", "The Two Foscari," "Wedenga Nenyika", "Kaini", "Werner". Uyezve, akatanga mutambo wake vanoda "Shandurwai vhundutsa", zvakasara konekwa.

Byron akasika akakurumbira "Don Giovanni" munguva kubvira 1818 kusvika 1823. Zvisinei, basa guru iri, uyewo akasiya konekwa. George yakapindira basa rake kuitira kuti chikamu kutamburira rusununguko echiGiriki vanhu.

Kubatanidzwa kutamburira rusununguko echiGiriki vanhu

Byron mumatsutso 1822 akatamira kuGenoa, uye ipapo vakaenda Missolongi (mu December 1823). Zvisinei, muna Greece, uyewo pakati Italian Carbonari, kushaya kubatana pakati vapanduki yaiitwa. Byron aipedza yakawanda nesimba kuedza dziite vapanduki. George akapedza basa rakawanda hwesangano, vachiedza kuti asike mauto imwe vanopandukira. Very taiti panguva iyoyo yaiva upenyu mudetembi wacho. Uyezve, akanga ane chando. Byron akanyora pazuva rake 36th rokuzvarwa nhetembo, inonzi "Nhasi, ndaiva nemakore 36 okuberekwa."

Rufu Byron

Akanga akagumbuka kwazvo nekurwara Ada, mwanasikana. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, Byron akatambira tsamba nemashoko kuti waporeswa. George kuti vapemberere, vakatasva bhiza rake ndokuenda famba. Zvisinei, rinorema mvura yakatanga, rwakazokura zvinouraya mudetembi inotonhora. upenyu George Byron wakanga kutapudzwa April 19, 1824.

Byron aiva simba guru munyika mabhuku remakore rechi19. Pakanga kunyange kuitika yose itsva aizivikanwa se "Byronism" rakanga akaratidza nemabasa Lermontov uye Pushkin. Kana Western Europe, simba Nyanduri akanzwa Genrih Geyne, Viktor Gyugo, Adam Mitskevich. Uyezve, detembo Byron wakaumba hwaro zvenziyo inoshanda Roberta Shumana, Hector Berlioz uye Petra Chaykovskogo. Nanhasi, mumabhuku pane zvinoita mudetembi akadaro George Byron. Biography zvinhu uye kwayo kufarira nevaongorori vakawanda.