The nzvimbo Australia. Australia pamepu. Features Australia

State of Australia iri pamusoro kondinendi chete, uye dzimwe akapoteredza zviwi, remasangano inova Tasmania. Nzvimbo Australia ndiyo 7.682.300 mativi makiromita. Saka nyika anopindura 7.617.930 mativi mamita. ? km. Nemhenderekedzo Anotambanudza kuti anopfuura zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu makiromita.

Australia Square nechepakati chikamu kondinendi rakatora chaizvo nzvimbo pamapani, zvakawanda ndiro Lake Eyre nembiya, Murray River. Uyezve, pane bani Nallabor. Northwest Territories yakakurumbira Great Western Plateau - imwe nzvimbo mana mumarenje huru: Gibson, Simpson, the Great Sandy Desert uye Great Victoria.

Kunyanya Australia vakadaro kuti nyika ine mvura yakachena zvakakwana. Most enzizi riri kumabvazuva chikamu kondinendi, kusanganisira Darling, Murray nevamwe. Waterways, zviri pakati uye kumadokero, yakaoma zhizha.

Mvura zvikuru vava madhamu. Hakuna Kusara uye mukuru wavo - Air. Zviri gumi metres pazasi pegungwa.

uwandu hwevanhu

By nharaunda, yakaoma Australia anopfuura mamiriyoni manomwe nehafu dzakaenzana makiromita. Ndima yayo iri inogarwa nevanhu 23,625,130 (sezvo yaJuly 2014). Vakawanda izvozvo vokuEurope - 95%, dzasara 5% vakaberekerwa uye vokuAsia (4% uye 1%, ukuwo). The mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa uri Chirungu.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu vekare vakatora vamwe Australia Square makore zviuru makumi mana apfuura. Zvinofungirwa kuti vakabva Papua New Guinea, uye chitsuwa Indonesian.

Vagari vokutanga ainyanya kuita kunovhima uye kuungana. Vamiririri Zvakazoitwa zvizvarwa zvizhinji makatanga vanoshingaira kugadzirisa haizi pachitsuwa uye zvitsuwa pedyo, kuzarura ndima itsva. Pasinei pfupi chinyakare Michina unyanzvi, kunobva pakushandisa ibwe, matanda uye pfupa, magariro uye zvokunamata upenyu akanga atova nenguva refu pamwero. Saka, vakawanda vakataura mitauro yakawanda, uye dzimwe nguva inoona nezvenjodzi dziri dzedzinza mapoka yakarongwa mubatanidzwa.

Pari, nzvimbo Australia nyanzvi wakazara. Vanonzi makwapa chena pamusoro kondinendi vasina. Kunyange zvakadaro, 89% yevanhu - vanhu vomuguta. Ndokusaka Australia anonzi imwe yenzvimbo urbanized nyika munyika. Avhareji youpenyu hunotarisira kwemakore 2005-2010. Yakanga makore 81,6. Ichi chinhu chinoshamisa mufananidzo.

chitendero

Nyika haina chitendero chepamutemo. Most vagari - vaKristu. Muna 2006, 25,8% vemo vari vateveri kutenda Catholic. Mumwe zvitendero zvikuru - Anglican (18.7% of population). Uyezve, nyika iri kumusha vePresbyterian, Adventists, dzemweya, maMethodist uye Salvation Army, vaBuddha, Islamists uye vaJudha.

Weekly yechechi akashanyira nevanhu vanenge hafu yemiriyoni. An basa rinokosha muupenyu hwevanhu huri reDare masangano siyana vechiKristu uye zvipatara. Catholic chikoro kwava yakatangawo chaizvo zvakanaka. vana vanenge vatanhatu uye miriyoni hafu wakanyoresa nemasangano aya rokudzidzisa. The Church of England ari mubasa dzidzo vanenge zviuru zana vechidiki. 48 Zvikoro kushanda richikurukura United Church.

mamiriro okunze

The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Australia okunze kunokonzera Misiyano iri dzakasiyana dzenyika yacho. Saka, muna kuchamhembe kunzvimbo iri hunodzorwa Sub-Equatorial, nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba - Equatorial ekunze. Funga mamiriro okunze kunyanya Australia. Avhareji yegore negore tembiricha iri kuchamhembe kwenyika kuri kuwanda 23-28 Celsius. Kunonyanyisa kunayisa (kukwira chiuru chimwe millimeters mazana mashanu) iri yezhizha. Furidzira yakaoma chando mhepo inotonhora, zvichiita kuti kusanaya kwemvura. Panyaya mapani uye namatunhu neyemitenusirwa, vane yakakanyiwa uye vane zvakapfava inodziya ekunze. The tembiricha of akanyanya kupisa romwedzi Sydney ndiye madhigirii anenge makumi maviri nemashanu, uye coldest - anenge gumi nemashanu madhigirii pamwe chiratidzo "ndinoiitawo".

Nechepakati uye vokumadokero kumatunhu huru okunze irenje dzinopisa. Muzhizha (December kusvika February) lämpömittari dzakawanda chemasikati maawa riri kumativi matatu madhigirii kana chete pazasi, uye muchando anodonhedza kuti pfungwa gumi kana gumi nemashanu. Nechepakati chikamu kondinendi muzhizha kunyange chaizvo - kusvika makumi mana namashanu Celsius. Panyaya iyi tembiricha usiku kunogona kusiyira kuti razero inegumi. Little mvura muchikamu chino nyika - maviri kana mazana matatu millimeters pagore.

Okunze ari kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero nzvimbo hwakafanana Mediterranean Spanish uye French. Kazhinji, zhizha rapisa uye yakaoma uye yechando nyoro uye kudziya. The tembiricha rose gore dzinosiyana zvishoma.

Flora

The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Australia uye kunyanya munyika okunze apararire rudo chakaoma-miti - anokosha zviyo, amburera nemiakasia, Eucalyptus uye nehomo miti. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti 12 Th. Of mhando chizvarwa Maruva 9 fung. Ko endemic, kureva, vanogona kuwanikwa chete ari kondinendi iri kukurukurwa.

Tropical Masango kuchamhembe kwenyika yacho zvinosanganisira Eucalyptus, nemichindwe, nemionde sengere mumatenhere. Kumaodzanyemba savanna mapazi sawanikwa boka Eucalyptus miti uye amburera acacias. Pasi kuparadzira gobvu uswa pakavha. In nechokumabvazuva nyika dzaitongwa subtropical miti yakasvibira masango ane yakawanda muti horsetails, ferns uye vakareba Eucalyptus miti pamwe makumi mamita madzinde.

fauna of

The Fauna of nyika anoonekwa kuti nemamwe. Uye zvose nokuda kuti 9/10 ose nemhuka dzemarudzi anowanikwa chete ari kondinendi inoshamisa rinonzi Australia. Kangaroo chlamydosaurus, koalas uye platypuses zvinowanika chete panzvimbo ino. Pakati mhuka marsupials dzakawanda (kwete zvishoma pane rimwe namakumi maviri siyana). The nyika ine zvakawanda zviremwaremwa, dingoes nemakonzo. Uyezve, pane kurarama zai-nokuiswa mhuka, anonzi mupenyu zvisaririra - the echidna uye platypus.

Kana ungulates, tsoko uye vamiririri nezvavakatapa mapoka, havana haizi pachitsuwa. Asi Australia ndiyo inozivikanwa vakawanda shiri - emus, cassowaries, remaparrot cockatoos, korona hangaiwa, medososov shiri, dema swans, shiri paradhiso uye Lyrebird. Chinonyanya kujairika zvinokambaira - madzvinyu uye nyoka-asalidy. Amazing mugari yuzhnoavstraliyskih nzizi - kweQueensland Lungfish - lungfish mumwe zvemapapu.

The mudziyo wehurumende. mapato

Australia ndiro yeUnited dzeparamende nehurumende zvizere zita - the Commonwealth kweAustralia. Federation ine nhanhatu inoti - Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South uye Western Australia, New South Wales. Uyezve, pasi chepasi of Commonwealth vari muzvitsuwa Summit uye Cartier, Macdonald ndikanzwa pamusoro. Christmas, Cocos Islands uye Sea Coral.

The guru iri muCanberra. Rokutanga January 1901 nyika yawana rusununguko, nepo panguva imwe chete, izvozvo yasara nhengo British Commonwealth. The mitemo anobva vanhuwo mutemo England. Australia Day ari National zororo, Uratidze maviri muzvitanhatu January.

Varikutonga simba riri basa vokuBritain mambo, naGavhuna-General uye Prime Minister, iye misoro Cabinet vashumiri. Paramende akaumba weSeneti uye Imba Representatives.

Pakati mapato kuti vane mukuru uremu rehurumende, govera Party Australian Democrats Australian Labor, uye Liberal Party yokuAustralia National Party kweAustralia.

Economics

State kwakasiyana zvikuru dzakabudirira upfumi. Nokuti chakarurama ichi, hazvina akafanana munyika dzokuMadokero European. Pakati pamatavi kukosha maindasitiri vari migodhi, simbi, zvemakemikari, zvokudya uye motokari. About shanu muzana GNP zvinopa mari kubva zvokurima mabasa. The huru uye zvirimwa bhari, gorosi, michero uye shuga shamhu. Hapana akaberekwa semakwai munyika, sezvo muAustralia. Uyezve, pane kwakapararira pakuburitswa yehuku uye mombe.

Currency ndiye Australian dhora. Pakati huru dzokutengeserana vakaroorana - the US, New Zealand, United Kingdom uye Japan. Nyika guru nokutengesa gorosi, mvere yemombe, chechipiri pakukura ekisipota gwayana - zviri Australia. Nzvimbo yacho rinoshandiswa kufadza kuti nechokwadi inoshanda zvoupfumi uye yakakwirira pamwero kwevanhu zvakanaka.

dzinongoitika reserves

Water Resources Australia haagoni kunzi mufumi. Viewed map - the driest munyika. Mikuru nzizi pamusoro kondinendi hakuna kukwana. Chii chinoshamisa pamusoro ichi, Australia? Murray River - ndicho chikuru mvura tsinga munyika. Its rechibharo zvikuru - the Goulburn, Darling uye Murrumbidgee. Vari kuzivikanwa zvikuru shoroma munguva yechando utsotso mumakomo, asi inopisa ekunze kunokosha shallowing. Madhamu Makavakwa mune zvinenge zvose vabati vechibharo. Murray, pedyo navo dzinorongwa dura inoshandiswa kudiridza reminda, paMaare uye minda.

Gungwa haagoni kunzi nyika mvura pfuma zvakakomba, t. To. Ndivo zvikurukuru silty, kudzika uye wakawanda, asi vafambi vamwe madziva zvinoshamisa zvinokwezva. Somuenzaniso, Hiller - inopenya blue nyanza musi Middle Island chitsuwa. The kujairika Ruvara mvura havazombochinji. Masayendisiti vachiri havana kuwana tsanangudzo nokuda dambanemazwi ichi. No dzinonakidza zvishoma chinhu luminous nyanza Gippsland, muna Victoria. Muna 2008, soro wevasungwa zvigare Noctiluca scintillans (nochesvetok) zvakanyorwa imomo. Izvi zvakanga isingawanzowanikwi chakajairika vakachengeta kwete chete vagari vemo, asiwo mifananidzo Phil Hart. Murume aifanira kuramba kukanda matombo mumvura akakunda luminous pose mvura nokuti kujairika luminescence tusingaoneki kudavidza kunyatsoreva zviwane.

Area Australia vaviri chete muzana ndiyo miti - zvinhu izvi munyika, zvakare, zvishoma. Zvisinei, vanokwezva vafambi nokuda kwayo kujairika chimiro zhinji. Of anogara achinaya mvura, vose pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Coral, kwete kuwanikwa kumwe.

The chikuru dzinongoitika upfumi munyika Chokwadi, chicherwa zvedu. The nyika dzakawanda munyika matura bauxite uye zirconium. Uyezve , nyika iri chechipiri pakukura uranium exchange mugodhi uye marasha. In Tasmania, vakaona Platinum deposits. Australia (pamepu iri kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira kondinendi) akapfuma nendarama. On muganhu New South Wales mined ngoda, bismuth, namavara akanaka uye nickel.

Matangiro Ayakaita

On huru pamusoro Australian Aboriginal madzitateguru kutanga vakagara anenge zviuru makumi mana apfuura. Sezvo Australia ari munharaunda yakakura vasave dzimwe nyika, zvizvarwa zvemo vane tsika dzechitendero uye dzemarudzi akasiyana nemamwe. The kondinendi sezvayakawanikwa nevokuEurope chete pakutanga pamusoro XVII remakore. Chokutanga chaiva Dutchman Yanszon. Muna 1605, iye asvika muGulf of Carpentaria (North kumhenderekedzo). Nokuda miganhu remoteness pamusoro Colonisation pakati Australia akatanga chete muna 1770. Ipapo Dzheyms e vakatora pachinzvimbo King Bay. Zvadaro, kwete kure kunzvimbo ino kwakanga guta Sydney.

Up kusvikira 1840, Australia panyika mepu zvaisangova dzakazara mamiriro, asi nzvimbo kuutapwa nyaya British mambo, mhosva kune zvakaoma. Muna 1850, dzemunharaunda dzaitongwa vakava vashoma yakazvimirira British Crown, uye makore gumi nerimwe gare gare vakaumba yakazvimirira Commonwealth kweAustralia. The nyika yakatanga kuva yake manyorero. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhoroondo Australia kwenguva refu nguva vakasonganira England. Saka, hurumende akagovera rubatsiro nouchapupu yokuBritain munguva First uye Second World Wars.

Australia Time

Tikaritora kondinendi iri zvitatu nguva dzinodengenyeka. Panguva chirimo muBrisbane Sydney mberi Moscow kwemaawa matanhatu, uye muPerth - mana. Local nguva muAustralia uyewo dzinosiyana ehurumende kuti hurumende.

Attractions

Vashanyi vakawanda nokukwezvwa munyika kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva. The kupfuura mukurumbira Gold Coast dzisina pakuparadzwa mahombekombe uye akapotsa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda Surfing. Vanoda nemagariro mabasa, zvakare, haangavi kufinhikana. Somuenzaniso, muguta guru, unogona kushanyira Museum Antiquity Nicholson, Australia Museum uye National Maritime Museum. Melbourne ndiye inozivikanwa kuti National Gallery of Victoria, hoyu rakakurumbira National Herbarium uye Royal Botanic Gardens. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinotyisa ukoshi kuona?

• Kunyanya dzakakurumbira kuvashanyi Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri. Ndiye zvemberi hurongwa Coral kumboongororwa munyika uye ine zvitsuwa 900 uye 2900 mumwe kumboongororwa ane zvachose nharaunda 344.400 mativi makiromita. Ndicho guru panyika inotungamirwa anogona kuonekwa kunyange kubva muchadenga. It riri muGungwa Coral, kure kuchamhembe kumiganhu kondinendi.
• The Sydney Opera House chakatangwa muna 1973. Pari, ndiyo chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa zviratidzo munyika. Chivako ichi yakafanana zvikuru chikepe pane chimwe kwakajairika chivakwa yenyika.
• In New South Wales Blue Mountains vari. Vari aumba kubva sandstone uye mipata zvinoshamisa kudzika mamita anopfuura mazana manomwe namakumi mashanu. Zvikurukuru, ipapo vari akura muti ferns uye Eucalyptus miti. Mountain akawana zita rayo kujairika nokuda mukuru wevasungwa pamusoro yakaturikwa nyaya mudenga zvinokosha anonhuwirira, Eucalyptus dzinounzwa.
• Oddly, asi muna Kakadu National Park hapana chihwenga. Yakasvika zita rayo kubva kurudzi womunharaunda. Types iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri hunoshamisa: mupaka akapoteredzwa kumusoro mawere uye pemidengerero, vakachengetwa vakavanda paradhiso ichi kubva kunze kwenyika. Ndokusaka mundima yayo inogarwa mhuka idzi, izvo zvisina kuwanikwa kumwe panyika - polulapchatye shiri, Brolga, barramundi uye nevamwe.
• Kana mumadhorobha runako haiiti kuti mufaro uye kufungisisa dzakachengetedzwa mumapaki National rinovayeuchidza zvomunguva yakapfuura, uende Barossa Valley - waini chikuru munharaunda kondinendi. Apo iwe unogona kuravidza uye anonwa anoshamisa, uye kubatanidzwa mubasa guru mhemberero.

Tingati rondedzero rondedzero Sydney akwariyamu. Kufanana zvikuru Australia, iye nemamwe. Kwakadaro zvivako makuru munyika haachipo; kunyange nyore muchidimbu pasina kumbomira panguva dzakawanda Exhibits kutora maawa anenge matatu nehafu. The pashoo rakakamurwa kuva zvikamu kubudikidza jogirafi - Mukuru Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri, Southern uye Northern Rivers, Southern nyanza. Pamusuo akwariyamu hazvibviri varege kuona, nokuti riri iri mumuromo risina kugadzirwa Sharks.