France Mambo Francis 1

1 Francis Valois akatonga mamiriro yake refu 32 makore. Kwemakore, nemhaka rudo rwake ounyanzvi, akasvika kuna France munguva Renaissance. Panguva iyoyowo kuteverera yaro wechipfuwo mutemo yave yekudyidzana akasimbisa absolutist zvinoitwa simba roumambo. Izvi mambo nharo uye tsika yake bhodhi ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

udiki

Francis akaberekwa musi waSeptember 12, 1494. Mwanakomana Charles pamusoro Angouleme Louise pamusoro savoy, uye akapedza zvose pauduku hwake yemadzitateguru Castle, riri muguta duku Cognac, pedyo neBordeaux. The ramangwana mambo France akagamuchira dzidzo chete uye kurovedzwa, kufanana makakurumbira vana iyoyo aiziva zvishoma nhoroondo uye jogirafi, asi ainyatsoziva mungano, fence nounyanzvi uye mabhiza mabhiza.

Paaiva gumi, wakanyengwa wake mwenga-makore 7, mwanasikana Louis uye nhaka kuna Duchy pamusoro Brittany, uye 2 Makore pashure chiitiko ichi, akasiya vabereki zvechizarira kuParis. Muna 1514 akapinda musoro muchato. Claude - mudzimai Francis 1 rokutanga - akamuberekera vana vanomwe, mumwe vacho vaizova Mambo Henry II. muchato yechipiri vachapiwa akapedzisa pashure pokufa mudzimai wake wokutanga, nehanzvadzi yake K. Habsburg, Eleanor.

1515: France

Francis 1 sezvo mambo mutsva paakangogara pachigaro musi waJanuary 1, 1515. The kuuya simba kunonyanya novimba ake kuva mhuri Valois, asi zvikuru yakakura uye, mumwe angati, kuramba chinhu, zvisinei sehofisi simba uye zvebhizimisi ramai vake chinzvimbo - Louise pamusoro savoy.

Pashure kufirwa Mambo Charles XIII aiva netariro yokuti izvozvo zvaizoita kutora chinhu choushe Francis, sezvo mukupera mambo akanga asingabereki. Zvisinei, korona wakapfuurira pamaoko Duke pakati Orleans, anozivikanwa pasi zita Louis XII, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga asina vana. Mwanakomana Louise pamusoro savoy, muchiitiko ichi, chaiva kuwana mamiriro ari Dauphin, t. E. The Crown Prince. Uye nokuda kwaizvozvi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti mutore duchy pakati Orleans, kuti dai yakavimbika atadze kuti Francis I dai kwavari zvinhu.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Louis XII panguva iyoyo chete akatendeuka makore 36, uye mugari wenhaka, iye akarambwa mudzimai wake wokutanga, vasingagoni kuva nevana. Pashure paizvozvo, akabva akaroora netsa Bretonskoy, uyo akakwanisa kumupa vanasikana vaviri chete. Saka, uye namambo uyu akasiyiwa pasina mudyi wenhaka. Somugumisiro, mukuru kurwa kuti choushe vakava Francis 1, uyo amai vakatanga kugadzirira pachine iyi basa. Nenzira, ipapo akanga iye wakange anenge ake mukuru mubatsiri ari dzezvematongerwo enyika.

Torai Italian nyika

Akapfuura chete pagore pashure accession namambo mutsva pachigaro, ake tikakavare zvisikwa akatanga kubuda zvakazara. Francis akaunganidza mauto ake uye vakafamba vakananga Italy, nokukurira gomo kungobvumira. Mazuva mashanu anyanya ine ndima kuburikidza Alps, masoja ake aitofanira kutsungirira mumaoko pfuti chaizvoizvo.

Achiburuka mugomo, kuti French mauto pakarepo vakabata Piedmont, uye ipapo kuGenoa. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kusvika 1 Francis hapana akagona kukurira Alps nenzira iyi. Naizvozvo, nokuti vokuItaly yaiva kushamisika guru, kana pakarepo uto French pamberi masuo Milan aiva. kuti nevanozvitsigira kugona kurega kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu vavengi, uye nokukurumidza awira Milan. "Rugare Vasingagumi" akanga akapedzisa panopera 1516. Maererano gwaro, Kesari Maximilian, uye Pope Leo X aiziva ushe Francis, pashure raakanga apiwa zita mubati Duchy pakati Milan.

pakutapwa

Mamiriro chete kubatwa kuItaly nyika Francis 1 vaisada nemuvengi wake usingaperi, Charles V pakati Habsburg, uyo akazova muna 1519 mutongi Hutsvene hweRoma. Akanga dzimwe ichifunga nzvimbo idzi. Zvino Charles V uye nehondo yake akayambuka Alps uye pedyo Milan. Mauto maviri rinopikisa 30000th vakasangana muhondo pedyo Pavia. Pano French vakakundwa. Vakasara Francis 1 vakanga vatiza, uye mambo pachake akanga akabatwa uye mujeri neshongwe nhare Madrid.

Raiva gore asati atenga, asi usati vaende, kuti Habsburg mambo akamanikidzwa asaine gwaro iri French, apo akaziva zvose kodzero Charles V panguva kare yakakunda nyika yavo kuchamhembe kweItaly. Zvisinei, kamwe pamba, Francis vati chibvumirano pasi zvikuru. Saka, iye nokukurumidza akaita mumwe kuedza vavezve akasarudzwa ndima muvengi, asi, sezvo imi munoziva, zvakaitika pasina. Pakupedzisira, muna 1530, iye wakaita wanano muvengi wake aimbova Habsburg, kuroorana hanzvadzi yake Eleanor, sezvo nenguva ino mudzimai wake wokutanga Claude akanga afa. Pashure paizvozvo, iye vadzikama uye akatanga kurarama kwake, pakudzivirira vanhu ounyanzvi.

zvemumba negwaro

Tichitarisa mutengo kuramba vakawanda courtiers uye kurwa akamanikidza mambo French kaviri chitsama kwemitero uye kuita zvimwe zvakagadzirwa kuti vaizova kunzi maitiro zvaiva "kurongeka yekare". Pano tine pfungwa rwakazokura aisimbisa tsika Kutengesa nzvimbo, uyewo kwaita pfungwa "hurumende chikwereti", iro zvinoratidzwa matunhu neminisiparati rents. Panguva ino, chinopa zvakawedzera basa mari vakuru, uye pashure akazotevera, uye nokusimbaradza kudzora masimba avo mabasa, izvo kunoramba pangozi pavo udzvanyiriri ichi.

Korol Frantsisk 1 kuramba vakatevera mutemo kusimbiswa pachake mari yayo, izvo kuderedza aina anokosha nesimbi, sevasingafungi nevanhu mudzimba uye dzimwe kutengeserana. Uyezve, kana wengarava rwendo pasi murayiro Jacques Cartier akanga akatakurwa achibudiswa kunze, izvo 1534 kwakaguma kuwanikwa Canada.

Apo Francis 1 rakagamuchirwa ane mutemo yakareba, urwo rwakatora kusvikira pakutanga XIX remakore, nemasaini Villers-Cotterets muna 1539, uyo aikwanisa streamline uye kubatanidza nezvamakatonga hurongwa. Key zvimwe zvakatooma kutsanangura nguva dzose akwanisa kuomerera yake, apo zvinobudirira nokukurira siyana nemishonga, dzakadai yemuna ari vomuguta iri Lyon (1529) uye La Rochelle (1542), uyewo mamwe nokushorwa kushorwa dzeparamende uye mumayunivhesiti. Kuti abvume vaya vasingabvumirani nechisarudzo ake, Francis ainakidzwa haana administrative-bureaucratic nzira, uye zvematongerwo nzira, iyo yaisanganisira hurukuro, kutyisidzira, zvichemo, ari kosi vaitova dzokufananidzira nemasaini uye pachedu kukurukurirana mambo.

vaichengetedza of hwemashiripiti

Francis 1 aiva mambo wekupedzisira anonzi hwokufambira. dare rake akaverenga vanhu kaviri sezvo vazhinji kupfuura zvakanga pasi yapfuura mambo. Nhamba ruvanze zviuru. Zvakatora zvuru 18 mabhiza kufamba vanhu vakawanda kudaro. Mukuwedzera, chivanze kunodiwawo napamakamuri, saka yakanga nokukurumidza akanyatsorevesa kuvakwa dzoushe itsva, vazhinji izvo riri Fontainebleau uye pamahombekombe ari Loire River.

Vose muupenyu uye mune zvematongerwe French King Francis 1 akateerera zvikuru unyanzvi, akadai chivezwa uye kupenda. Akaita izvi kwete chete nokuda rudo kunaka, asi nokuda kwayo kumiririrwa poumambo, uyewo anoparadzirwa hondo pamwe Habsburgs. Modern murume, dare ipapo French ingaita raakashandisa rakangofanana yemitambo musoro, sezvo vakawanda nhare dzakanga yakashongedzwa mushwi yakanyungudutswa vanamwari vekare. Sam Francis 1 vaifarira kuti anoratidzwa mune achinyepera Mars - mwari hondo.

Sezvo akanga

Vomunguva Key nguva dzose zvakananga kutaurwa mamiriro ake anoshamisa, zvemitambo nomuviri, akareba (anenge 180 cm), ushingi uye hwakanyanya kurinda mupfungwa. Aiva mukuru enyika uyo aiziva nzira kuti vakombe pachake pamwe matarenda nemakurukota, akadai Cardinal of Tournon, Antuan Dyupra, Gilom Dyu Bellay, uye vamwe. Pasinei nokuti Francis 1 dzaiwanzova nokutsamwa, aiva mambo zvikuru nyasha achimuenzanisa nevamwe, uyo akatonga nyika isati uye vanomutevera.

dzinopesana unhu

Ambivalence wenhoroondo kuti munhu mambo chinhu zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi. Kudivi rimwe, Francis 1, Mambo France, uyo akatonga kubva 1515 kusvika muna 1547, akanga ari murwi akanaka uye knight chairo, vaichengetedza of Arts, apo Nguva Renaissance, kana kudhonzwa kudare nenyanzvi, vaimbi uye vaimbi. Kune vamwe - aida kurwa uye aida kuisa zvinhu zvake rokuItari nyika.

Pakutanga ushe akada vanhu vake, uye pakupera hwake akasarudza kuti kutambudzwa nezvevanyengeri. Zvaive munguva French ake akapisa moto Raibvunzurudza, izvo akamanikidza Mapurotesitenzi kutiza kubva nechisimba obscurantist mamongi, kure kupfuura nyika yokutanga.