The-siyana Shiri: zita, rondedzero, nzvimbo

Munyaya ino tinoda kutaura pamusoro kunoshamisa kusiyana shiri munyika. Zvichienderana kupatsanura, pane pakati 9800 kusvika 10050 eshiri ano. Kana uchifunga nezvazvo, ichi chinhu chinoshamisa mufananidzo.

Origin Shiri

sayenzi yemazuva anodavira kuti shiri hwakabva kuna zvinokambaira yekare. Panguva iyi vamwe vanhuwo zviri sechivako zvinokambaira: ganda rakaoma, minhenga, zvikero sezvinoita goroondo, kufanana tuvana mazai.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vari Jurassic aiva zvenguva muchimiro pakati shiri uye zvinokambaira anonzi Archeopteryx. Panoperera ari Mesozoic, pane shiri chaidzo. shiri Modern vane nevamwe mberi zvinhu kusiyanisa kubva nezvinokambaira. It dzakabudirira nhengo nekunzwa, chiratidzo, Kufambisa nemafambiro navamwe nzvimbo mu cerebral cortex, kuvapo ushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, somugumisiro kuchinja huta uye kufema hurongwa, kuvapo mana chambered mwoyo uye chirambe chakapfava nemapapu.

The Shiri dzakasiyana-siyana

Zvino shiri nyika siyana chaizvo. Shiri dzose unogona kukamurwa zvitatu superorder:

1. Ratites. Vazhinji nhengo dzeboka iri havaratidzi dzakabudirira mapapiro. Izvi shiri regai dzinobhururuka, asi vanokwanisa kukurumidza uye tsime kumhanya. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiro African nemhou kuti anogara nemapani, Semi-magwenga uye steppes pamusoro Africa, Australia uye South America.
2. Penguins. boka Izvi shoma chaizvo. Nhengo dzaro vanogara zvikurukuru kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, pamhenderekedzo Antarctica. Shiri idzi haigoni kubhururuka, asi kushambira zvakanaka. forelimbs dzavo dzakachinjwa kupinda flippers. Penguins pamusoro chando kutamira ari wehunyambiri chinzvimbo kuburikidza zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope uye nokudhirowa pamusoro muswe. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti havasi kuvaka matendere. Vanoramba zai pamusoro membranes maoko nemakumbo, munovavanza pasi mipendero mafuta pamusoro padumbu. Kazhinji yakakwirira mafuta rukoko kunodzivirira kutonhora PENGUIN.
3. Keel. boka iri iguru. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvidzidzo anopfuura makumi maviri. It passerines, kurinoobraznye, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Woodpeckers uye zvichingodaro. D.

Sechikamu ino tinoda kuratidza kusiyana shiri chaiyo mienzaniso vamiririri minhenga nyika, nemhaka zvose hurukuro hazvitomboiti.

mhou

African mhou - pakukura shiri munyika. Kare, vakanga vachibatwa, uye dzimwe ukama marudzi, rheas uye emus. Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza ano kuti mumwe mirairo Ipai. Saka zvino, kubva esayenzi maonero pane chimwe chete Ostrich chaiyo - African.

Chinhu chokutanga kunoshamisa iri shiri, saka zvakanga yake guru kukura. Kukwirira kwayo haidereri pane amabhiza guru. Ostrich kukwirira yemakomo kubva 1,8 kusvika 2.7 metres, uye rairema kusvika 75 makirogiramu. Panotova varume guru, anorema kusvika 131 makirogiramu. Sezvingatarisirwa, vakawanda kukura yasvika kubva pamutsipa uye makumbo. A musoro shiri, nekusiyana, iduku kwazvo, kunyange zviduku pane kuuropi ane nemhou, iyo zvinoratidzwa ungwaru shiri.

Minhenga shiri vachikura zvakaenzana rose muviri, uye chokwadi vakawanda shiri anoiswa pamusoro pemitsara anokosha anonzi pteriliyami. African mhou vasina keel, asi nokuti havana chinangwa yokutizira. Asi makumbo chinhu chakanakisisa basa pamwe kumhanya. The shiri ine makumbo refu kwazvo uye dzakabudirira zvakasimba musculature ari makumbo. On nerimwe gumbo pane minwe miviri chete. Mumwe ukuru ane nzwara, mumwe zviduku. Munwe wechipiri kunobatsira kuchengetedza wakatsiga Achimhanya.

On the muviri, muswe uye mapapiro shiri namambava mazhinji, asi musoro, mutsipa uye makumbo chete pfupi pasi, zvinoita sokuti vari kupfeka. Varume nevakadzi zvisingapindirani African Mhou plumage coloring. Uyezve, akasiyana mhando vangava zvakasiyana dziberekane pamusoro makumbo uye muromo.

Habitat African mhou

The African mhou mupenyu panenge Africa, hachigoni kuwanikwa chete Sahara uye North Africa. Paiva nenguva apo shiri iyi vaigara yakabatana yeAfrica, Siria uye muArabhia Peninsula nyika.

Kazhinji namazizi vanosarudza akazaruka mumapani. Ivo vanogara akaoma AZHUTHA, manyoro nemapani, Semi-magwenga. Asi mumatenhere, moorland, gwenga mujecha zvavasingafariri. Izvi nokuti havagoni kuva kumhanya Achimhanya. Hunozoita munhu ndakagara upenyu, pamwe chete mumapoka maduku. Very kashoma kurongedza zvingasanganisira vanhu kusvika 50, uye vanogona zvokudya pamwe chete antelopes nembizi. Munguva rongedza hapana chechigarire, asi vakuru vakuru yakajeka anotonga. Vanoremekedzwa mutsigirire muswe uye mutsipa vakarurama uye vamiririri ichipererwa - obliquely. basa shiri chinoratidzwa mambakwedza uye usiku, uye panguva pakupisa kwezuva yokuzorora.

Mhou vari yakapusa rumwe rutivi, uye pane dzimwe - kuchenjerera kwazvo. Munguva kudya, ivo nguva dzose kutarira pamusoro, kushanda pakuvheneka dzakapoteredza. Kuona muvengi, vari kubviswa nokukurumidza, kwete kuda kubata pamwe chinorura. Vane aiona zvakanaka chaizvo. Muvengi vanokwanisa kuona kiromita. mhuka dzakawanda kuongorora maitiro ane nemhou, kana ivo pachavo vasina zvakanaka maonero akadaro. Ostrich kukwanisa kuva nokumhanya makiromita 70 paawa, uye mune zvisingawanzoitiki nyaya, uye kusvika makiromita 90 paawa.

shiri

Kutaura pamusoro-siyana shiri panyika chii, tinofanira kuenda kukonzera mumiririri rimwe duku - kusvikira shiri. Nokuti isu, shiri akadaro ajaira kubva pauduku. Shiri - shiri iri kwakapararira mumaguta nemisha. Ari maduku saizi, rairema 20 kusvika 35 magiramu. Bird inopinda vrobinoobraznyh yokuzviparadzanisa, izvo, mukuwedzera kwaari, kune vanopfuura 5000 marudzi. Kudeuka mumiririri boka iri - negunguo, uye duku - wren.

Shiri - shiri akasimuka zita rayo kare. Uye nokuti kuti shiri vanoda avapambe minda varimi '. Achavadzinga, vanhu vakanga vachishevedzera "mbavha corners."

zviviri duku zvakawanikwa Russia: imba (guta) uye ichiitirwa. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti yeshiri mhando iyi ane urongwa meso, uye kuona yose shiri idzi pingi. Zuva shiri unopisa zvinokosha yakawanda simba, uye saka haagoni kutsanya kwemazuva anopfuura maviri.

imba shiri

Bird minhenga vane shava pamwe longitudinal mitsetse dema. Kureba hazvirevi kupfuudza namanomwe masendimita, ndikamuyerera hapana anopfuura 35 magiramu. Fungidzira nyika shiri saka siyana uye akapfuma kuti chete imba shiri ine zvinopfuura 16 marudzi. Kana shiri chinowanikwa chete kuchamhembe Europe. Asi zvino zvishoma nezvishoma dhimba vagara anenge ose makondinendi kunze kweArctic. Zvino vanogona kuonekwa kunyange South Africa, America, Australia, kwavainzwa vakaunzwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti duku nguva dzose kugadzirisa pedyo murume uye kutungamirira akagadzirisa kuvapo. Uye chete shiri vanogara zvakawanda kuchamhembe kunzvimbo tama kune chando muna inodziya climes.

Shiri - shamwari husingaperi wemunhu. Vari ne kumusoro kubereka. Hwaro hwavo zvinodyiwa chirimwa chikafu. Asi shiri vanobatwa nezvipembenene nestlings dzavo. Mumisha, shiri dzinobhururuka kuminda kunonga mbeu kunze uko. Dzimwe nguva duku Peck michero uye kumuromo muminda, nokudaro vachikonzera kukuvadza vanhu.

Panguva imwe zhizha anogona kuunza zvizvarwa zviviri kana kunyange matatu vana.

zimudo

Nezimudo - shiri kujairika. It vagara chiratidzo rugare panyika. White shiri saka yakanaka uye ichiyevedza kuti pamusoro nziyo yake akanyora zhinji uye nhetembo. Mhuri shuramurove dzaimirirwa gumi marudzi. Iri panzvimbo yakakura vanhu. Vakura vanosvika mutinhimira kureba, uye ine mapapiro mamita maviri. shuramurove All makumbo refu, mutsipa uye muromo.

Ndivo chinowanzoitwa zvinenge zvose makondinendi. Vanorarama kwete chete munzvimbo dzinopisa, asiwo unozvidzora latitudes. vanhu avo kuti kurarama inodziya okunze, regai kubhururuka nokuti chando, apo vamwe aifamba mu Africa uye India. Rarama yehuku kusvika makore makumi maviri.

Zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa kwemarudzi chena shuramurove. Shiri nyika kubvira kare kare, sezvinoratidzwa zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo. Miti Uyu anenge akanyarara, nokuti zvachose undeveloped pahuro zvinokonzera.

Shuramurove vari raizivikanwa nokutsungirira kwavo, nekuti vava kukwanisa kuita refu chaizvo ndege.

Lifestyle uye yehuku kunovaka muviri kunobva dzinogarisana. White Stork anoda amapani Mafuro uye marshes. Dzimwe nguva uchagara pamusoro pamatenga edzimba, zvichiita kuti dendere. Vakaguta zvokudya mhuka mavambo: dzvinyu, matatya, tumbuyu, zviduku mbeva. Pashuramurove - yakanaka uye anokudzwa shiri.

swans

Swan - chena shiri kuti akakunda vose runako uye ukuru. Boka duku inozivikanwa shiri zvinosanganisira 7 marudzi. Kazhinji, swans ndezvaJehovha mhuri duck, uye hama dzavo dzepedyo dziri Brant shiri.

Swans - ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose waterfowl shiri dzedenga. Kusarudza kusvika makirogiramu masere. Shiri vane refu kwazvo uye kusanduka mutsipa, mumwe mhando kunoratidzwa yaro chaiyo Pfungwa. Makumbo shiri dziri pfupi zvakakwana uye vakagadzirira chaizvo nokushambira membranes. On nyika vanofamba sokuti netsa chaizvo. The mafuta shwanu Shiri allocates rinokosha mafuta, mauri minhenga regai soka mumvura.

swans All mune coloring - chena, dema nejichidza uye chete wakasiyana nazvo.

Yavanogara North uye South America, Eurasia uye Australia. Kazhinji uchagara pamahombekombe reservoirs, apo kunogona uye madhamu diki, uye guru penzvimbo mvura, kufanana estuaries kana bays.

swans All inogona rakakamurwa kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe. South anotungamirira munhu ndakagara upenyu, uye kuti kubhururuka kuchamhembe muchando. Eurasian shiri yechando muna South uye Central Asia, uye US nguva yechando muna California uye Florida.

Live shiri kazhinji vari vaviri vaviri. Vane nyarara uye wakadzikama unhu. Manzwi shiri zvakakwana zvinoda, asi ivo vakashumira ruzha zvikuru zvisingawanzoitiki, asi mbeveve nejichidza aigona chete muridzo kana ngozi.

Seshiri vanoshandisa chikafu itsvo, mbeu nemidzi hwemvura zvinomera, uswa uye duku hwemvura invertebrates. Fudza vari mumvura, yakadzika chubvu musoro. Asi shiri havagoni svetuka.

Bee hummingbird

Takataura pamusoro yokuti African nemhou - ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose shiri. A hummingbird iduku-nyuchi. shiri iyi Cuban ndiro duku munyika, asi ruduku inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo chisikwa Panyika kwete chete. Munhurume ane kureba hapana zvinopfuura zvishanu masendimita uye hapana zvairema kupfuura mbiri mapepa clip, kurema. Asi vakadzi ndivo zvishoma akakura. The zita pacharo rinoratidza kuti shiri idzi musaita pachazvo kupfuura nyuchi.

Shiri duku - kutsanya chaizvo uye simba hwakanaka. Shiny mapapiro kuti kutarisa sedombo rinokosha. Zvisinei, hakusi nguva inooneka siyana ruvara, zvose zvinoenderana dzokuonera yorusvingo.

Pasinei duku saizi, shiri inoita basa rinokosha iri kubereka zvinomera. It rinobhururukira kubva ruva kuti ruva yakaungana nekita ayo matete proboscis, panguva iyoyowo tama mukume kubva ruva kuti maruva. Muzuva rimwe, muduku nyuchi kushanyira rimwe nehafu chiuru maruva.

Kolibri kuvaka pacharo mukombe serin'i panosangana haasi anopfuura 2,5 masendimita ari dhayamita. Ivo trudge kubva nemakwati, lichens uye cobwebs. Ivo shiri mazai duku mbiri chakakura pizi.

dondo shiri

Pano ndipo unogona kunzwisisa iripo siyana shiri, saka zviri musango. Handiti ndiwo musha kune shiri dzakawanda. Chero nguva, unogona kusangana inoshamisa nhamba vavo. Pano shiri dzedenga micheka adzo, vanowana zvokudya zvavo pachavo uye kuona nestlings. Gobvu mashizha inodzivirira shiri pavavengi uye mamiriro okunze akaipa. Vari kufamba kuburikidza musango, unogona kunzwa zvakasiyana siyana manzwi shiri, zvatisingaoni navo asi kunzwa kuimba yavo yakanaka uye nomuzikamwi kubva pauduku "neshiri yegungwa".

Chii shiri vanogara mumasango edu? Nyika shiri mavari akapfuma saka, zvakaoma yokuverenga marudzi ose. Ngatiyeukei chete chinonyanya akakurumbira; Grouse, woodpeckers, nutcracker, swifts, mazizi, nightingales, dema Grouse, mazizi, cuckoos, makondo, nenyemba, nutcrackers, ropa maranjisi, flycatchers, chickadees, hawks, crossbill, piggy uye vamwe vakawanda. Forest shiri kunge dzakashandisa upenyu musango mumatenhere. Mumwe nomumwe mhando vanogara dzimwe nzvimbo munyika, riri mumufananidzo nzvimbo pachavo. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti zvachose zvose shiri dondo pamwe mundima iyoyo, asi pakati pavo vari zvakaoma zvikara, uye zvachose chisingakuvadzi uye vashomashoma shiri. Just zvinoshamisa mubatanidzwa.

zvakajairika Kingfisher

Kingfisher - duku shiri neminhenga inopenya. Plumage ruvara anoenda kubva yerima yebhuruu pamisana kuti rakajeka Orange dumbu. The muromo waJehovha Kingfisher ndiyo zvatinosiita: refu uye kururamiswa. Vanhukadzi ndivo duku pane varume. Agadzirise shiri mhenderekedzo enzizi, madziva, nyanza, nzizi. Kazhinji, munzvimbo idzodzo pane akanyarara, inoyerera mvura.

Asi matendere adzo pamusoro mawere mabhanga pakati pamakwenzi. Kingfishers kwazvo uye kunzwa mumakomo, dzimwe nguva selyas ikoko.

The peya shiri vaungana chete kuberekesana mwaka. On muganhu Russia - zviri pamusoro yechipiri hafu April, chete Ndadzoka kubva inodziya mwaka. Matendere varume nevakadzi kuchera beaks, makumbo swinging pasi. Mink kazhinji riri pedyo nemvura uye vari camouflaged zvakanaka mapazi.

Zvinoshamisa chokwadi kuti yenyu vachivata kingfishers kudzokera nguva dzakawanda. Inside, pane sezvo vakadaro matendere, mazai avo zvakananga pasi. Apo neapo pane kupa chero nemarara. Kazhinji, hadzi anoteya mashanu nomwe mazai, uye dzimwe nguva gumi. Vanochochonya vakazotevera, mumwe pashure pomumwe, mukono nehadzi.

Pakati kingfishers vane sezvo dzinotama uye ndakagara vanhu. Ndivo chinowanzoitwa Eurasia, kuIndonesia uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero Africa, muNew Zealand.

Kingfishers vagere chete pamusoro pemvura yakachena, kuitira kuti kushandiswa kutonga dhigirii yavo kutsvinda.

On muenzaniso wataurwa kweshiri chinogona kuoneka kusiyana kwavakaita. Vakasiyana mumwe kwete chitarisiko, asi mararamiro uye tsika, kunyange zvose ndezvaJehovha chete suborder.