Ulm Cathedral muGermany

Iyo yakakurumbira yeUlm Cathedral inonyanya kuzivikanwa sepamusoro-soro munyika. Zvisinei, kuburitsa kwayo hakusi kweizvi chete. Nhoroondo yezvivakwa izvi inosanganisira kuvaka urefu hwemazana emakore akawanda.

Mamiriro eKathedral

Yenyika yeEntem yeCalhedral yakavakwa muna 1377. Yakagamuchirwa sechechi yeKaturike, asi apo kuchinja kwakatanga kuEurope, chimiro chakapfuura kuvaLutheran. Iko huru yekuvakwa yakapedziswa muna 1382, apo chivakwa chacho chakatsveneswa. Yakanga iri kubva panguva iyoyo maari iyo maitiro ari kuramba achishanda.

Chechi inonzi kereke, asi chaizvoizvo haisi. Nzvimbo yakafanana inopiwa chivako kana ine bhishopi. Asi mune zvakaitika kuna Ulm, muprista mukuru wekumba anogara muStuttgart. Iyi kupesana yakasimuka muMiddle Ages. Kunyange zvakadaro, kedhechi yeUlm ichiri kudanwa nenzira chaiyo nekuda kwezvinhu zvakakura zvinoshamisa izvo zvinofadza kufunga.

Chikonzero chekuvaka

Zvinonakidza kuti Cathedral yeUlm yakavakwa, nokuti mukati memasvingo eguta kwakanga kusina chechi inoshanda. Iyo temberi chete yaiva kunze kwezvidziviriro.

Izvi zvaireva kuti munguva yekukombwa kwe vagari vaisagona kupinda muchechi. Mhosva dzakadaro dzakanga dzisingashamisi, nokuti mhirizhonga yeGermany yakawanzova yemitambo yekuita zvehondo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1376 Ulm yakakombwa namambo weCzech Charles IV, uyo panguva imwecheteye aivawo mambo weMambo Mutsvene weRoma.

Kuti tidzivise mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, apo vagari vakakomba vaisagona kunyengetera munzvimbo yakakodzera, uye Cathedral yeUlm yakavakwa muGermany. Mukuwedzera, vagari vomuguta vanowanzopikisana neimba yevatariri veReinehau iri pedyo. Ndiye iye aive wekereke iri panyika.

Pasinei nokuti pane vanhu zviuru gumi bedzi vaigara muIlm muzana remakore rechiXIV, basa rakabudirira rokusimudza mari rakagadzirirwa kuvaka kereke itsva. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, bhakisikiti yakaitika muna 1377.

Initial project

Sezvo kuvaka kwaive kwakakura, zvakasarudzwa kuti zviitike muzvikamu zviviri. Muumbi wekutanga wekedhedral aiva Heinrich Parler. Akava munyori wechirongwa, maererano nezvakanga zvakarongwa kuvaka kereke ine mazave maviri akafanana, uyewo shongwe dzakawanda. Zvisinei, Parler akakwanisa kuvaka chikamu chepasi chechimiro. Iri raiva ramangwana reValm Cathedral. Nhoroondo yekuvakwa kwayo inopesana munguva yakareba uye kunonoka kwakanyanya. Saka, somuenzaniso, kwemakore 150 ekutanga kubvira panguva yekuiswa, vataki vemuzvivako vakatsiviwa ne kereke. Mumwe munhu akaramba kuvaka nemhaka yekuoma kweiyo purojekiti. Vamwe vaingofa nokukwegura, uye havana kumirira kuguma kwebasa racho.

Iyo yakaoma yakaitika yekereke

Nokuda kwekushanduka kwevakagadziri, chirongwa chepakutanga chegadziriro chakashanduka zvakare. Aiva neve yechitatu. Uyewo muzana remakore rechi16 zvakasarudzwa kuvaka dhonghi rakakwirira, iro raizova bell tower. Ndicho chikamu chechechi yepamusoro yepamusoro, ichikwira mamita 161.

Kuvakwa kwetemberi kwakakanganiswa nehondo dzechitendero izvo zvakatanga muGermany mumazuva ano. Vakawanda vagari venyika vakanga vasina kugutsikana neChechi yeKaturike nemirairo yayo. Nyanzvi yezvechitendero Martin Luther, uyo anonzi nhasi anonzi imwe yemamiriro ekuPurotesitendi, akaratidza mafungiro aya. Hondo yakashandurwa kuva hondo dzemvura, iyo yakakurumbira kuva Hondo Yemakore makumi matatu (1618-1648).

Nokuda kwekushaya mari uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munyika muno kwemakore anopfuura mazana matatu, kedheni reUlm yakaramba isina kupera. Kureba kweshongwe yaro muzana remakore rechiXVI kwakasvika mamita zana.

Kuzadzikiswa kwekuvaka

Chechipiri, danho rokupedzisira rekuvaka rakatanga muna 1844. Nhanho dzakatorwa kuti dzisimbise mitoro inotakura mitoro. Rutivi rwemave rwakanga rusingagoni kumira kurema kwechimiro chose, nokuti kubva pakutanga chaiyo vakanga vasina kugadzirirwa mutoro wakadaro. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa rekugadzirira rakaitwa kubudirire, uye muna 1880 kuvaka kweshongwe yekumadokero kwakatanga.

Yakatora mamwe makore gumi. Muna 1890, pamhepo yakakwirira yakaiswa muchinjikwa, iyo iripo uye ikozvino. Iyi mhemberero yekufananidzira yaireva kuguma kwemakore akawanda ekuvakwa. Nokudaro yakavakwa kedheni yeUlm. Izvo zvivakwa zvechivako zvinoreva maGothic style. Akawana kereke kubva kuMiddle Ages, apo tsika dzakadaro dzaive dzakawanda muWestern Europe. Muzana remakore rechina reXIX raive ratova ruzivo, asi rwakanga rwakave rwakaita kuti kereke iwane chimiro chayo chekuona nyika yose.

Muna 1890, Germany yakange yakabatana yakapoteredza umambo hwePrussia. Kuvhurwa kwechechi huru kwava yezororo renyika. Gedheni reUmm, tsanangudzo yaro iri mumutungamiri wese kuGermany, uye ikozvino nzvimbo inoda kuvashanyi.

Zviratidzo zveKathedral

Isati yaiswa mabhenji uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemukati, chivakwa chacho chinogona kugadzirisa vanhu vanenge zviuru makumi maviri. Kureba kweKathedral ndi 123 mamita, kureba - 49 mamita. Chimiro chacho chine narava nhatu: imwe huru uye maviri. Chikamu chikuru chetemberi chine mamita makumi mana. Nhengo mbiri neveves ndehafu yehukuru.

Vanyori vanoita basa rokushongedza kereke yakasara nemifananidzo yakawanda pamabhaibheri eBhaibheri. Iyo yakakurumbira yakagadzirwa ndiyo nzvimbo inoratidza kusikwa kwenyika. Panewo nyaya kubva kuEvhangeri, somuenzaniso, Passion yaKristu.

Iyo misoro, iyo ndiyo nheyo dzechivako chose, yakashongedzwa ne-bas-reliefs yevatsvene nevaapositori. Kune zvifananidzo zvakasiyana mukati mevaves. Kuonekwa kwevashanyi kunokwezva nemufananidzo waKristu, iyo yakasikwa muzana remakore re XV.

Nokudaro, muItm Cathedral, kuedza kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda kwakabatana pamwechete. Pano pane zvipupuriro uye zviyeuchidzo zvemazuva akasiyana - kubva kure kure kuMidhi Ages kusvika kuzvino.