Volgograd HPP: Vhuṱanzi

Volzhskaya HPP ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose mvura simba chirimwa iri European chikamu Russia. Pari, iye ndiye chikamu dzesangano "RusHydro" nokuti davi Rights. Riri ichi zvikuru pakuvaka pakati Traktorozavodskoy District of Volgograd uye kuongorora guta rayo rinonzi Volzhsky. Pachirehwa ichi hydropower chirimwa boka nhepfenyuro srednenapornyh mugero mhando.

Kana akavaka Volgograd Hydroelectric simba yeredhiyo muna USSR?

Chisarudzo pamusoro pokuvakwa simba iri chirimwa chakabatwa August 6, 1950 On nhasi, Stalin akasaina chirevo USSR Council of Vashumiri kutanga kuvaka kuchamhembe Volgograd Hydroelectric simba haana asingasviki mamiriyoni 1,7 KW.

Paivakwa chivako ichi zvaikosha:

• Chine 130 mcm ³ kupikidura;
• unganidzwa 5462 zviuru ^m3 betonokonstruktsy .;
• 85 zviuru vakatasva. Zvigadziriswe siyana.

Vanodhirowa uye simba zvirongwa wakavhomorwa chimuka gumi Research Institute vachitungamirirwa sangano "Hydroproject". Kuvaka chinhu chinokosha akadai Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi, izvo akapa pikicha papeji, muna 1951. Muna 1958 vatatu hydraulic chikwata vokutanga raparurwa, uye muna 1962 pachiteshi mudonzvo inounganidzwa rokupedzisira - 22th. Zvokushandisa pakuvaka Hydroelectric simba chechitima haana kusvitsa zvinopfuura 1,500 mapoka kubva kumaguta 500 munyika.

Muchirongwa-pamwe zvose kuvaka uye kuwanda nyanzvi pakati Profiles siyana kubva zvose pamusoro USSR. On kuvakwa hydropower miti vakashandisa vanopfuura 10,000 nhengo Koshanda uye 20,000 vasungwa Achtubinskiy ITK. The paavhareji pamwedzi mubairo vashandi ndiyo 329 rubles.

patani Features

To musi, muna Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi chinosanganisira:

• gryazespusknikom kongiri dhamu ane kureba 725 M;
• chiteshi chivako marara Zvivako - 736 M;
• tsvina fluvial dhamu - 3250 M;
• alluvial dhamu akasiya kubhengi matatu pakashama uye kuswedera gwara nokureba 5.6? km.

Uyezve, hove-dzinounzwa kuna yemapurisa marongerwo uye Volga-Akhtubinsky mugero. On Hydroelectric hurongwa vane motokari uye njanji. Pressure Zvivako nhepfenyuro vanoumba Volgogradskoye Dam. Nzvimbo yokupedzisira ndiyo 3117 mamita ^2, bhuku - ³ 31.5? Km. The kunonyanyisa kureba Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi (kongiri dhamu) - 44 m.

chiteshi waivako

Power HPP ndiye 2587,5 MW. Nhamba iyi chaizvoizvo guru chaizvo. Goho Volgogradskaia HPP paavhareji mabhiriyoni 11.1 kWh dzemagetsi. Basic mira hydraulic dzakabatana ari chiteshi akaisa 22. Simba pfumbamwe wavo 115 MW, masere - 125,5 MW, shanu - 120 MW. Vakatasva zvidzidzo akaparadzana makamuri vaviri vaviri. On hove manera pane imwe chirimwa chiduku ichi mhando ndiyo 11 MW. Total chinzvimbo Culvert yemapurisa iri 63060 mamita ³ / s.

Basa iri National upfumi

Vakaronga kuvaka Volgograd Hydroelectric simba yeredhiyo pakati rokupedzisira remakore chaiva kugovera magetsi kuti RSFSR Nhongonya Volga nharaunda uye vamwe kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu munyika. To musi, chirimwa ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nhare Yakabatana Energy System weRussia. Pakati payo transmits ane 500 KV DC, Volga - 220 KV uye kumaodzanyemba nharaunda - 800 KV.

Kuwedzera simba yemapurisa anogadziriswa zvimwe zvinetso zvoupfumi. Zvikurukuru, Yakaumbwa dura inoshandiswa yokudiridzira pakati dzisinganayi nyika kumabvazuva Volga uye ari reCaspian kuora mwoyo. Uyezve, Hydroelectric pave dzinokodzera kwemutemo midziyo nzira kubva Astrakhan kusvikira Saratov.

njanji uye migwagwa rwakagadzirira mai yemapurisa chinopa pfupi kubatana pakati kumatunhu ari Volga nharaunda. Zvinosuruvarisa huru zvino kazhinji kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. All nyaya iri kukoromoka Zvivako mai uye kudiwa kakawanda igadziridzwe. Sezvineiwo, pashure kuvakwa hombe zambuko pamusoro Volga River munzvimbo mutoro panzira huru kupfuura mai kunoderedza zvishoma.

discharges

Sezvo neimwe yemapurisa iri Volgograd Hydroelectric simba yeredhiyo panguva snowmelt ikabereka zvaimutambisira zvakawandisa mvura kubva mudhamu. Nguva ino zvinotora anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda. Kwadzinoita girafu mvura buditsa Volgograd HPP kunyanya nokuda zvinhu zvakadai chitsama akaparadzaniswa panguva yechando kunayisa zvakanyanya uye kubvunda navo.

Somuenzaniso, muna 2016 chirimwa plums akatanga musi April 22 uye kusvikira 16 Dai sanganisira. The kunonyanyisa pamwero mvura pakuyerera Volgograd HPP 27 000 mamita ^3. In yose, kubva dura rakasvetwa 100 cubic makiromita. Sezvo 17 May effluent mari zvishoma nezvishoma ungaderedza (vanenge 1000 mamita ³ pazuva). K 20,05 Vakazosvika pamwero kweinenge 23 000 mamita ^3.

Gore negore HPP Kutarisirwa anoedza kuwedzera mvura Drain napo kwenguva refu. Chokwadi ndechokuti kuishaya pakuguma May - kuvamba June, zvakakomba anotyora zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza pakuenzanisa nzvimbo. Kana mvura kubva kutsime HPP vachabvisirwa zvishoma, kubudikidza pakati chirimo munzvimbo mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo Volga River uchaomesa munyanza, nzizi uye Erik. Volgograd HPP zvakanaka yokuderedza discharges kutarisirwa kwaro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uye chinonditadzisa kuparadzwa mumhenderekedzo. Kunze leisurely nepurogiramu zvikasabudiswa kunoita zvibereko zviri kukonzera hove murwizi.

HPP Lighthouse

Somumwe chezvinhu chikuru zvivako remakore rechi20, Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi Chokwadi, kunokwezva vashanyi vakawanda, vose mumhuri uye vatorwa. The chiseko chivako ichi zvechokwadi hunoshamisa. Zvikurukuru, panguva resetting chitubu mvura.

Kuwedzera chinonyanya HPP hunotungamirira kazhinji zano vashanyi kushanyira yechiedza yemapurisa, riri kumaodzanyemba suo. Rinopa rakasiyana maonero Volga River pacharo, guta chitsuwa. Zviri nyore kuonekwa kubva yechiedza uye shongwe Motherland.

zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu

Chokwadi, kuvakwa Volgograd Hydroelectric simba vakauya upfumi munyika zvikuru nyasha. Asi panguva imwe chete pakuvaka yaro, zvinosuwisa, akagarisa anokosha kukuvara mararamiro uye Volga uye mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zvikamu. Saka, Somuenzaniso, Hydroelectric dhamu avhara mugwagwa zviri kukonzera hove kubva kweGungwa reCaspian. Zvikurukuru kukanganiswa ichi Russian Sturgeon, beluga, herring Volga. Available pamusoro hove erevheta chiteshi haana kumbosiyana kukwirira bandwidth uye inopa passageway hove asingapfuuri 15%. On Sturgeon uye waoma hove, zviri kukonzera ari dzakaderera kunosvika yoRwizi, kuvakwa hydropower zvinomera, sezvinei, ari anenge asina kukanganiswa.

Kufanana chimwe chirimwa, Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi kwave vanotsigira dzezvakatipoteredza kusanganisira chimwe chinhu kuti zvinotora yakawanda panyika arable.

akanyangarika musha

Munguva pakuvaka Volga Pazvinoitika, chikamu iyo vaiona HPP, zvakanzi nemafashamo akawandisa yawo. Saka, somuenzaniso, pakuvaka Rybinsk chirimwa pasi mvura vakasiya guta rekare Mologa, iro mazuvano unowanzonzi Soviet Atlantis. 249 Saka akanyatsoramba kusiya musha uyu uye Chokwadi, vakarasika. The Mishumo akatumira pemasimba epamusoro, gare gare yakanga yakati kuti "kutambudzika huta breakdowns," kureva kuti, zvikuru nyore, vaiva nepfungwa vachirwara.

Munguva pakuvaka Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi nayo yavewo nemafashamo pamwe vakawanda mumisha. Somuenzaniso, imwe nzvimbo vanhu vaifanira rakazogarwazve, aiva musha Meadow Proleyka. Munguva Hondo Stalingrad aiva musha pedyo rwemberi mauto eSoviet. It dzichengeterwe chikamu rechi8 Air Force mana zvipatara. Pashure kuvakwa Hydroelectric musha akakurudzirwa imwe nzvimbo, apo pane nhasi.

Before Hondo Yenyika II paiva chirongwa pasi iyo hydrostation vakafunga ichavakirwa pedyo netaundi Kamyshin. Kana rakatangwa, mvura vaizova akaendepiko chikamu muguta Saratov, Shona, Volsky nevamwe. Sezvineiwo, kushandisa pfungwa rakakunda iyoyo, uye Volzhskaya HPP yakavakwa uko nhasi. No guta kana kuvaka rayo haina nemafashamo.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Munguva pakuvaka Volgograd (Stalingrad) HPP kokutanga muSoviet Union kutama nhumbi vachasimudza rave richishandiswa. Gare gare Michina iyi kwete kamwe kushandiswa pakuvaka vamwe zvirimwa simba.

Pedzisa kuvaka chinhu chinokosha akadai Volgograd Hydroelectric simba chiteshi rakanga waronga rekodhi nguva - mukati 6 makore. Asi chokwadi kuvaka kwayo yakatora makore 11. Kuramba tichishanda nguva zvikurukuru nokuda rufu Stalin. Pashure pezvose, chikuru basa rokuvaka rakanga akapedzisa. Pakafa mutungamiriri muna 1953, vakawanda vavo vaifanira paradzana.

mamiriyoni 140 cubic mita ivhu akasarudzwa Kana dzichiisa Volgograd HPP vavaki. Kana kutakurwa rails, ipapo zvaida kuti mamiriyoni 8 motokari. Munzvimbo yacho nokupararira dhamu paivakwa HPP zvakanzi nekuumbanidzwa ivhu rukoko mamita 12 gobvu.

Munguva yedu pamberi wokupinda mai ndivo motokari mapurisa pfungwa, vavaki shongwe, uyewo akarembera yambiro chitaridzi pamusoro kurambidzwa kubva Photo uye mavhidhiyo. Kuti mai Vachifamba haabvumirwi.

Nhasi, ari HPP anoramba inokosha chipfuro, ane kukanganisa kukuru pamusoro pehurumende upfumi uye zvakanakira nevagari maguta Volgograd, Kamyshin, Volzhsk, uye zvichingodaro. D. All kuitika pachiteshi pezvakaitwa sapakutanga, kufukidzwa nhau. Izvi zvinoshandawo kunyanya kubudisa mvura. Dzidza kana kutapudza mvura zvinoyerera iri Volgograd Hydroelectric simba yemapurisa kana anoverengeka vakaronga yokutanga zvakawanikwa pakashama Somuenzaniso, zviri nyore kuva zvose kuburikidza mumapepanhau uye nemakanzuru paIndaneti nhau nezvikumbaridzo.