Welding majoini: mhando vazvo uye mapfundo

Patinoita nomoto akavhiyiwa kubereka yeimwe siyana. Welds zvinogona kwakabatana kwete chete nesimbi asiwo dzimwe dissimilar zvinhu. Ukapisa murwi mumwe-chidimbu gungano zvinhu vanoumba remubatanidzwa zvinogona kusiyana kuva zvikamu zvinoverengeka.

munhu weld joini mapazi

Mukomboni yakawanikwa iri nomoto kwacho kuva zvikamu zvakadai:

• Chinzvimbo Fusion - muganhu pakati nechigadziko simbi uye weld simbi yapihwa. In mapazi ichi vari zviyo kuti vakasiyana nechivako yavo mamiriro mubereki simbi. Izvi kunoitika nokuda rushoma utsotso munguva nomoto rikurumidze.
• MUNDA chafariz simba - pechingoro simbi mapazi iyo isina pasi reflow, kunyange zvazvo panguva kudziyisa pamusoro simbi, mamiriro ayo rakachinjwa.
• The nomoto musono - mugove riri kuumbwa panguva crystallization iri kutonhora zvesimbi.

Mhando welded majoini

Zvichienderana nzvimbo abutting zvinhu neimwe vari rakakamurwa mhando hama mumwe yeimwe zvakadaro:

1. Garo. Kubatanidza kuvakwa nezvinhu rinoitwa imwe ndege magumo anotarisana kune mumwe. Zvichienderana siyana thicknesses wemigove anogona inoguma hama kune mumwe vertically displaceable.
2. Corner kubatanidza. Panyaya iyi, wemishonga kumigumo unoitwa panguva necheparutivi. The nomoto kwacho rinoitwa pamusoro yehombodo pedyo zvikamu.
3. Akakura bindepinde. Details nokuti nomoto akarongwa kufanana kukwana bindepinde.
4. End kubatanidza. Weldable zvinhu zvichienderana newokuti mumwe uye akabatanidzwa kusvikira kumugumo.
5. T-joini. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe mugumo zvikamu yakabatana mhiri mugove pa necheparutivi.

Welding kubatana zvakare munguva mhando welds, iyo inogona Nokufamba zvimwe.

weld zviratidzi

Pane parameters akawanda anogona kuva vanhu vose vakapiwa welds:

• upamhi - ndiko kukura musono pakati miganhu kuti vanokweverwa rinooneka weld mitsetse;
• weld mudzi - the neizvi rutivi ruri kunonyanyisa chinhambwe kubva kumberi divi;
• kuzvimba - Akatsunga mu kupfuura convex chikamu muhudyu uye runotaurwa daro kubva ndege zvitsigiro simbi kune rokumusoro protrusion muganhu;
• concave - chakarurama izvi akakodzera kana ine nzvimbo iri weld nokuti, chokwadi, chinhu chakaremara; parameter iyi yakatsunga panguva apo musono ane mukuru Kutsauka - naye pasi simbi Ndege saizi akayera concavity;
• cathetus musono - zvikaitika chete pakona uye T-majoini; akayera mumufananidzo uyu zviduku chinhambwe kubva kurutivi panyika rimwe basa chidimbu pamberi Okutanga musono mutsetse uri rechipiri pamusoro.

Mhando sutures kubudikidza nzira kuuraya

• Yaitsigira divi welds. Vari akaurayiwa pamwe zvizere simbi kupinda achitevedza yose kureba.
• Two-nzira magadzirirwo. Maererano mabikirwo pashure yaitsigira divi nomoto, kuti weld mudzi yabviswa, uye chete pashure nomoto iri amakavaitira Ukuwo.
• Single-rukoko vazvo. Single vanopfuura nomoto amakavaitira rimwe weld bead.
• Multilayer vazvo. Kushandiswa wavo Zvakakunakirai apo guru pakukora zvesimbi, i.e. kana kuita nomoto mune rimwe vanopfuura hazvibviri kuti mabikirwo. Rukoko musono panofanira anoverengeka rollers (inopfuura). Izvi zvichaita kutirambidza kuparadzirwa romunda chafariz migumisiro uye kuwana yakasimba uye yepamusoro weld.

Mhando welds pamusoro spatial nechinzvimbo uye urefu

Kusiyanisa vakadaro nomoto nzvimbo:

• repasi kana welded musono yaiva yakaderera chinjikira ndege kureva 0º yorusvingo hama pasi ..;
• chinjikira nomoto mirayiridzo kuva chinjikira uye chinhu chinogona angled kubva 0º kusvika 60º;
• mira, munzvimbo iyi weldable pamusoro ari mundege kubva 60º kusvika 120º, uye nomoto rinoitwa mu hunyambiri divi;
• Ceiling kana basa rinoitwa pa necheparutivi 120-180º, kureva welds dziri pamusoro tenzi;
• "In muchikepe", kuti urongwa hunongotaura pakona kana T-majoini, chinhu chacho yakaiswa pana necheparutivi, uye nomoto rinoitwa "pakavanda."

The Kuparara ne kureba:

• chinoenderera, saka handicho anenge zvose majoini, asi varipo kunze;
• Intermittent stitches, zvaitika chete panguva pakona majoini; Bilateral Hudyu ichi mhando kunogona kuitwa zvose wechesi uye cheni kuti.

nokuveza mucheto

Izvi magadzirirwo chinhu zvinoshanda panyaya apo pakukora zvesimbi rakashandiswa nomoto, vanopfuura 7 mm saizi. Kucheka kumucheto - ndiko nokubviswa simbi kubva kumicheto vamwe chimiro. Izvi rinoitwa kana chete vanopfuura nomoto kuti garo mapfundo. Izvi zvinokosha kuti vawane weld zvakakodzera. Kana hobvu zvinhu, nokuveza kunodiwa kuti pakutanga sezvainonyauswa mudzi ichipfuura inotevera bead noruvara rokuzadza mhango pamota padzimba pakukora zvesimbi.

Kucheka micheto kunogona kuitwa kana simbi ukobvu idukusa 3 mm. Nemhaka kukosha kwayo akaderera kuchaita kokutsva-kuburikidza. Cutting kunoratidzwa ne dzinovaka parameters: pakakoromoka - R; rekona kucheka mativi - α; dullness - pamwe. The nzvimbo parameters izvi zvinoratidza mifananidzo yacho weld.

Beveling kunowedzera uwandu consumables. Naizvozvo, ukoshi ichi vari kuedza kuderedza. Rakakamurwa mhando dzakawanda by design:

• V-zvakaumbwa;
• X-zvakaumbwa;
• Y-zvakaumbwa;
• U-zvakaumbwa;
• crevice.

Features achicheka kumicheto

For thicknesses duku zvinhu kuti welded kubva 3 kusvika 25 mm vari yaiwanzoshandiswa mumwe-mativi V serin'i okurwadzisa. The bevel anogona kuitwa panguva mativi kana pane mumwe wavo. Metal 12-60 mm zvinokurudzirwa kuti weld vakavirikidza mativi X serin'i bunching. The angled α rwokutema mu X, V chimiro ndiyo 60º, kana bevel rinoitwa ndokuhwadzira imwe chete, mutengo α akaenzana 50º. Nokuti Ukobvu 20-60 mm aizova mwero mari yakawanda weld simbi kana U-zvakaumbwa okurwadzisa. The bevel rinogonawo kuumbwa imwe kana mativi. Dullness kuva 1-2 neMM, uye pakakoromoka mutengo akaenzana 2 mm. Nokuti guru chesimbi ukobvu (pamusoro 60 mm), inonyatsobudirira nzira kucheka achicheka kumicheto. Nokuti welded vadyi kunokosha chaizvo nzira iyi, zvinokanganisawo wandei pamwe zvinhu:

• functionality remubatanidzwa;
• simba uye chatingatevedzera weld;
• upfumi.

Standards uye GOST

1. Manual chinhu chakakombama nomoto. GOST 5264-80 welds uye yeimwe zvinosanganisira mhando, magadzirirwo kukura nokuti Welding Coated electrodes ose spatial zvinzvimbo. Izvi hazvirevi zvinosanganisira chete simbi muridzo unoridzirwa.
2. Welding pombi simbi. GOST 16037-80 - inorondedzera Marudzi anokosha, achicheka unopinza magadzirirwo hukuru panguva michini nomoto nzira.
3. Welding pombi akaita nemhangura uye mhangura-nickel alloys. GOST 16038-80.
4. Arc nomoto pamusoro aruminiyamu. Welded vazvo. GOST 14806-80 - chimiro, ukuru, kugadzirira unopinza kuti Chinyorwa uye michini nomoto pamusoro aruminiyamu wayo alloys, muitiro rinoitwa munyika unodzivirira mhepo.
5. Anyatsofukidzwa chinhu chakakombama. GOST 8713-79 - Welding vazvo uye kubatana zviri akaita otomatiki kana michini nomoto pamusoro uremu, pamusoro kokuyerera pamutsago. Runosvika simbi Ukobvu 1.5 kusvika 160 mm.
6. Welding kuti aruminiyamu mune inert magasi. GOST 27580-88 - Standard nokuda manual, Semi-otomatiki uye otomatiki nomoto. Zvinonzi kuitwa asiri consumable electrode mu inert magasi pamwe filler zvinhu uye zvinovhara aruminiyamu ane Ukobvu 0,8 kusvika 60 mm.

The rokuti the weld

Maererano nemitemo kuvapo welds unoratidzwa ungano vanodhirowa kana neimwewo chimiro. Kuratidza welds mu hwakasimba mitsetse, kana vari kuoneka. Uye kana ari zvinopesana - the chipitipiti mutsetse zvikamu. Kubva mitsetse ava avabvisa callouts pamwe museve mumwe chete angoramba achitaura. Symbol of welds anoitwa pamusoro pasherefu pedyo mutungamiri. The akanyorwa ari pasherefu, kana musono ari nechemberi necheseri. In musimboti, neizvi rokuti zvichabviswa riri pasi pasherufu. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashoko pamusoro musono zvinotevera urongwa:

• Auxiliary zviratidzo. Panguva mharadzano ari mutungamiri ane pasherefu kuvake angava:

○ - up musono;

┐ - musono nomoto zvinoitwa munguva installation.

• Pakunzi welds, avo STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye GOST Connection.
• Doma musono mureza.
• Welding nzira maererano pamutemo nemitemo.
• Gumbo akaratidza, ndima iyi inotaura chete pakona mapfundo.
• musono discontinuity, kana ani. Izvi rinoti nzvimbo danho uye nomoto zvikamu.
• Zvimwe mifananidzo ebetsero tsika. Funga navo somunhu yoga chinhu.

ebetsero mazita

zviratidzo izvi vari kuiswa pamusoro pasherefu, kana chakanamwa nomoto musono kuoneka mufananidzo, uye pasi payo, apo asingaoneki:

• Dzichibvisa weld chisimbiso;
• pamusoro kurapwa uye anopa mumwe kumeso yezwi nechigadziko simbi, pakubvisa sagging uye unevenness;
• ari musono rinoitwa pasi takasununguka; chiratidzo ichi rinoshanda chete kuoneka mufananidzo nomoto vazvo;
• pamusoro pedza weld.

Kurerutsa, kana zvose kuvakwa majoini dziri nomumwe muenzi, vane nokuveza pamucheto magadzirirwo kukura, zvichiratidza uye mitemo nomoto raanotaura nokurondedzerwa. The Zvivako angava zvose, asi vakawanda dzakafanana vazvo. Zvadaro vakapamura muzvikwata worongera Serial nhamba mumwe boka yoga. Pane imwe nguva ari musono zvizere izita. Kune vamwe kuisa chete Serial nhamba. Kuwanda mapoka uye uwandu stitches mune mumwe nomumwe wavo anofanira raanotaura mureza mapepa.