Wild murume. Chinyakare vanhu uye nezvizvarwa zvavo

Chinyakare vanhu. Zvaiva zvii? Zvino sokunge aiziva sei? Masayendisiti anodavira kuti vakawana mhinduro dzinogutsa dzemibvunzo iyi, asi ichokwadi? .. Munyaya ino, isu vachawanawo kupi mhuka vanhu kurarama nhasi.

Yokutanga Varume mhuka paNyika

vanhu vekare, kuti ndizvo zvavo zvokutanga uye kupfuura mhuka mhando, akazviratidza kumativi mamiriyoni 2,5 akapfuura. Zvichitevera yaDarwin, ivo hwakabva Australopithecus, vari netsoko kukuru. Ivo yakabuda makore mamiriyoni 3.5-2 ago Africa. Southern chimupanze, sezvo rakatumidzwa Australopithecus aiva diki pfungwa uye hombe shaya. Vaikwanisa muruoko rwavo zvinhu zvakafanana matombo kana zvimiti uye vakatotamira tote.

Izvi Gene kunotouraya kwakaitika, zvakazoita kuti kwemarudzi maviri - Homo erectus (Homo erectus) uye vanhu kushanda.

Homo erectus - vanhu kana mhuka?

Homo erectus - munhu zvikara wokutanga uyo auya kuEurope. Kana chaizvo zvaakaita kuzviita, zvakaoma kutaura, sezvo kare zvinoratidza mazuva akasiyana. Ava vanhu vekare vakaungana vashoma madzinza uye akaita matanho anokosha: Vakaronda, pachavo akavaka chinyakare zvirindo. Vakashandisa moto, asi havana kuziva Kusvina nayo. The zvakawanda yepamusoro mumagariro kupfuura zvavo vamutangira, havana kare vakavigwa avo vakafa uye kunyange anamatwe mamwe mhuka.

Urudzi Homo erectus chakanga chakafanana Tsoko chitarisiko - yakaderera, raiiswa huma uye hapana chirebvu. The rworudyi zvinonyanya dzakabudirira pane kuruboshwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, chitarisiko uye miitiro vachiri sechigaro madzitateguru avo - muviri akafukidzwa amakwai, zvakakodzera kadikidiki maoko nemakumbo, kutaurirana kuburikidza nemasaini uye kudaidzira.

Makore 200,000 apfuura muEurope makanga dzesango, chinyakare vanhu - Neanderthals. Kuva akararama kota makore ane mamiriyoni paNyika, ivo dzatsakatika, masayendisiti dzichiri scratching misoro yavo pamusoro dambanemazwi ichi.

Neanderthals: Ndivanaani ivo sei vaenda vari?

Neanderthals akawana zita ravo kubva Neanderthal bako muGermany, ndiye mumwe mashoma skulls dzenhengo genus ichi akawanikwa ikoko. Nhasi, masayendisiti anodavira kuti havana zvakananga vazukuru vanhu, asi, hama dzavo. Gene zvavo varipo vari DNA womunhu ano (kwete kuona izvozvo bedzi Africans) mune imwe mari kubva 1 kusvika 4%. Nhasi, masayendisiti anobvuma kuti Cro-Magnons, zvizvarwa murume ano chokwadi, chokwadi, yakaitika mushure Neanderthals, uye vakagara navo panguva imwe chete kwemakore anenge 20 000. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mhando aigona pakuvhenganisa.

Nei Neanderthals kuva yakatotsakatika? Kune shanduro dzakawanda, asi hapana kuwana yakavimbika chisimbiso. Vamwe vanofunga kuti kupomera Ice Age, mumwe - kuti pehondo vakapa mumwe murume mhuka - Homo sapiens - sezvo mamwe akaomarara uye kugadzira zvakangwara kwemarudzi. Asi chokwadi chinoramba - the Neanderthals akafa akabuda, apo Cro-Magnons vaiva vanogona kukura.

Cro-Magnon, kana Homo sapiens

Cro-Magnons - ndiro zita zvinowanzovapo madzitateguru murume ano. kukura kwavo yakasiyana kuti avo vamutangira, asi pakaita ane zvishoma kusiyana nevanhu ano. Cro-Magnon ari yakakura pfungwa kazhinji vachinzi Homo sapiens (murume akachenjera). Ndiyo tsanangudzo tichashandisa mberi.

Most wose uye tanga dehenya iyi dzemarudzi akawanikwa Ethiopia, zera ravo anenge 160,000 makore. Murume uyu mbizi akanga kutopedza kufanana vanhu ano - Tsiye zvishoma raidudzwa, bulging huma uye chiso wakatsetseka. View ainzi Homo sapiens adultu, kureva mukuru vanhu Panyika. Saka Californian masayendisiti akawana kuti vanhu vokutanga akazviratidza Pasi anenge 200,000 apfuura muna Africa uye ipapo rakapararira nyika. At pakutanga Upper Paleolithic (anenge 40.000 apfuura) nzvimbo dzinogarisana akatotanga akafukidza rinenge rose nyika.

Gen. varume emusango

Pasinei zvakatora anenge mamiriyoni maviri, kubva veMubatanidzwa nyika munhu wokutanga, vanochera matongo zvakarurama kwazvo anosikwa hwake. Saka, zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga vanhu vaigara munharaunda duku, sezvo ari utsinye ezvinhu enyika nguva oga yokupukunyuka murume nyore vakasagona. Kunyange ipapo, munhu wose ane kodzero dzavo uye mabasa, uye mugodhi waiva zvakajairika. Zvombo uye vakashumira earner rutanda uye dombo rakapinza.

Wild murume akatungamirira runochengeta upenyu, yairamba ichifambira nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Camp akaronga pedyo achidiridzira pfungwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti anovhima inotevera chisvusvuro. Sezvo anodiwa zvishandiso kuti kuvaka musha haana, munharaunda dzimba dzaiva mumapako uye mumipata. With kutambisa nguva kumativi mubako vakadirana vakawanda, kumanikidza vanhu kuenda kune imwe.

Kunyange ipapo, moto anopingudzwa nechimiro murume, saka nokungwarira wairindwa navo mumapako masikati uye usiku.

guta rokutanga munyika yakavakwa muna 3400, ari BC. Akanga ari South America, uye rainzi Real Alto. guta rino riri rekare muEgipita mapiramidhi. Chii dzimba inonakidza muguta Dzinovakwa kwemasvomhu nemazvo, sezvo kana zano rake agamuchirwa uye vaitorwa pachine.

How kupfeka vanhu dzomusango?

Imhandoi mbatya inopfekwa varume dzomusango vekare uye kana vaipfeka zvachose? About 170 000 apfuura, vanhu vokutanga vakafunga pamusoro nguo. Masayendisiti anodavira akanga iye vaimubatsira kuenda mhiri inodziya Africa uye tama kunzvimbo ine kutonhora ekunze. Chii inonakidza zvikuru, rakabatsira kujekesa kudzidza shanduka ... inda. Inda vari parasitic chete zvipfeko, ukuwo, dzakavapo wakabatana nguvo yokutanga zvikara vanhu zvakananga. Masayendisiti kubva Florida ndapedza yepakutanga kuedza, akasimbisa kuti kusakara vanhu vekare vakatanga havana 100, uye 170 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Panyaya iyi, ganda romusoro, ndiyo tsanangudzo unodzivirira, vanhu havacharemekedzi mumwe makore 100 000 vasati. "Zvinoshamisa sei vakakwanisa kurarama saka refu pasina bvudzi uye mbatya," - anoti Devid Ubvisei, mukuru pakutsvakurudza boka paUniversity of Florida.

Pakutanga zvipfeko mhuka avanhu vaigona kuva mashiripiti kudzivirira nokutyisidzirwa kubva kunze pane kubva kudzivirira chando. First zvinhu nokuti nguvo chinyakare vanhu - a faibha matehwe. Pashure ivo mukwanisi siyana fasteners - zvipikiri, mazino mhuka, minhenga.

Pakati pezana remakore 90s vakavigwa vaakawana pari Vladimir nharaunda kuyaruka, zvipfeko iyo akafanana nguvo ano kuchamhembe dzavanhu. Vari Alps 90s kuwanikwa nechando mufananidzo womunhu "Ötzi", uyo zvipfeko yaisanganisira kwematehwe, mashanga nemiriwo matsva.

Wild vanhu nhasi

Isu - Vana yebudiriro, asi nyika ichiri kumusha kumarudzi mazhinji, uyo achiri chete, chinyakare pamwero kukura. Most - dzomusango vanhu Africa uye Amazon, nguva yakanga chando kwezviuru zvemakore. Funga kupfuura chinyakare vavo.

1. Sentinelese vanhu kuti vararame pachitsuwa Sentinel pakati India uye Thailand - hombe zvakakwana nharaunda, rinosvika 300 vanhu. Vane rakasiyana anokwanisa kutarisira njodzi. Navo nguva refu kuedza kutaura nevaongorori, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Vari kuita hove, kuunganidzwa uye kuvhima.
2. Masai. Zvakawanda uye utsinye African rudzi ane tsika inokosha - vava kubva pauduku akagerwa vakakwevera yake yokumusoro muromo kuti embed nayo chinotuma. Rudzi barika anokura kuti akapoteredza vashoma vevanhu zvakakodzera.
3. Group Nicobar uye Andaman madzinza - iri cannibals vanogara vachirwisa pane mumwe. Zvisinei, vamwe kuti vaite mabasa kudya vanhu chete pamazororo, se "kuchengeteka zvigadzirwa" iri kukasawedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
4. Pakupedzisira, mitambo, - kumuduku dzakabudirira uye zvikuru ushamwari dzinza. Mutauro ndicho chinyakare mitambo, sezvo isina zvakawanda zviratidzo. Mukuwedzera, dzinza kunyimwa warwo mungano.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, madzinza dzomusango vanhu ngakuitike nhasi. Ivo kuzeza vanhu ano uye angasafa budiriro, chaiko kune vaongorori vane kunyumwira uye utsinye. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, vari kuva shoma uye rimwe zuva vachanyangarika zvachose kubva panyika, achipa nzira budiriro.