World kuti zviwanikwa: pfungwa, kupatsanura

The zviwanikwa zvenyika - zvose zvinowanikwa mumwe zvinoumba zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu, iro anokwanisa kushandisa kusangana zvavanoda uye zvinodiwa nedanho kugadzirwa uye upenyu. Kuva pabutiro panyika, Vakamanikidza avo nhamba uye siyana. Kunyange zvazvo riri vaidavira kuti Pasi - chete nzvimbo iri muchadenga kufanira upenyu. Kusvika panguva zviwanikwa ndivo nheyo upfumi hwenyika uye pasi rose kugadzirwa. Nhamba vakashandisa vanhu panyika kubatsirwa kunoratidza izvozvo. A chinokosha kukosha muupenyu hwemazuva vanhu kumanikidzwa kuronga zviwanikwa zvenyika. Vose vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri.

kupatsanura

1. vaneta. Izvi dzinongoitika upfumi icho chinodikanwa akapfuudza mwero inotungamirwa yavo. Sezvo chikamu kugadzirwa vakapiwa zvikumbiro kugara, pakupedzisira kunouya nguva apo mumatanda pakati zviwanikwa zviri kwezvinoshandiswa zvakazara. Asi kana zvinhu hazvichagadzirisiki? Sezvineiwo, pane chokwadi deplete, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa:

• renewables;
• nonrenewable.

Renewable zviwanikwa zvenyika zvinoreva voga kuti vanogona kushandiswa anenge nokusingaperi, asi zvakakosha kupa zvakarurama nguva kuvandudzwa yavo, zvikasadaro vachava asiri renewable. Aimbova zvinosanganisira mhepo yakachena, mvura uye ivhu, uye kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Non-renewable zvinhu ndiwo mugumisiro akasiyana mineralization pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika yepamusoro akaturikidzana ari goko. The kudiwa pfuma yakadaro kakawanda kupfuura nhamba yavo zvinofungidzirwa, uye kubva padanda ravo hama kuti manwiro vari kunyora nezvavo mikana resumption ose razero. Izvi zvinosanganisira chicherwa matura panyika.

2. hariperi. Zvose avo kuti dziwande munyika dzinenge dzose mugari Nyika: mhepo, mvura, mhepo, mafungu emvura. Vanofanira kudaro yaizivikanwa wose kuti dzimwe nguva vanongoita kurega kuti Zvisinei anokosheswa,, pasina zviwanikwa izvi, basa evanhu aizova hazviiti.

Kupatsanura pakati zviwanikwa nokuda mhando chikumbiro

Mhando dzose zviwanikwa zvenyika vanhu vari kushingaira kushandiswa huru nenzira mbiri:

• rokurima nemauto;
• maindasitiri kugadzirwa.

zvokurima zvinhu vanobatanidza nemhando dzose zviwanikwa, izvo nechinangwa paakasika okurima kugadzirwa uye mubereko. Somuenzaniso, agro-okunze reserves ape mukana kukura uye mberi kushandiswa siyana zvirimwa uye zvipfuwo zvigare. Pasina mvura hazvibviri kufungidzira kwakarurama kushanda yokumaruwa indasitiri. Pano iye ane basa rinokosha, sezvo rinoshandiswa kudiridza ezviyo uye zvimwe zvirimwa, uyewo nokuda kudiridza zvipfuwo. Sezvineiwo, vakawanda zviwanikwa akashandiswa munda uyu, vari hariperi (mvura, ivhu, mhepo).

Mukuru kudiwa zvicherwa

Industrial Kugadzirwa ine yayo hurongwa kudyiwa reserves pose. Kuwanda mafekitari emakambani nhasi asvika kunonyanyisa zvibozwa. Kusangana zvavakakumbira zviitwe waida dzakasiyana-siyana achishandisa. Munyika yanhasi pane chinonyanya kudikanwa kuri Tourism. Vanewo chemhando zvemari ukoshi. Mafuta, gasi, marasha uye bhitumini (kureva simba reserves).

dzimwe mhando

Boka anobatsira zviwanikwa zvinosanganisirawo miti, nyika uye mvura. Kunyange zvazvo vasina simba, vose zvinokosha sezvo kubatsira pakuwedzera maindasitiri basa. Vanewo vachishingaira kushandiswa pakuvaka indasitiri.

Hariperi mvura pfuma

Masayendisiti Most vanobvuma kuti nyika gungwa izere anobatsira kuchengeterwa vanhu. Izvi pandiri kuti munyu, zvicherwa uye zvakawanda hombe. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyanza risina zvishoma rwokuzvarwa upfumi pane yose pamwe chete. Somuenzaniso, gungwa mvura. Nokuti munhu wose ari Earth kweanenge matatu namakumi miriyoni cubic metres munyu reviver. Uye kwete akaoma nhamba. Mumwe cubic mita rimwe wakawanda emura rine yakawanda munyu (sodium chloride), magnesium, potassium, uye bromine. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kunyange ndarama aripo ari makemikari anoumba mvura. Chokwadi chinokosha! Uyewo rinoshanda zvirambe kuti kugadzirwa ayodhini.

Asi makungwa vakapfuma kwete chete nemvura. A zvisingaverengeki uwandu anobatsira chicherwa zvinhu zvikaramba kubva pasi penyanza. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vose mukuru kukosha ndechokuti mafuta uye gasi. Black goridhe riri mined zvikurukuru kubva kuna Continental echiShinto. Gas zvakare muzana zvakasikwa reserves anenge makumi mapfumbamwe, izvo abudisa kubva mugungwa.

Asi ichi kwete chete chinokosha nokuda yose indasitiri. The chikuru fuma yakadzika-gungwa deposits vari ferromanganese nodules. Izvi zvinoshamisa zvinhu, hwava zvakadzama kwazvo, unogona ane simbi kusvika matatu akasiyana! The kuedza kutanga kuwana kubva mugungwa makaita United States iri manonwe. The chinhu tsvakurudzo, vakasarudza mvura muHawaii.

The nenzvimbo kuparadzirwa rwokuzvarwa upfumi pamusoro pepasi

Jogirafi kuti zviwanikwa zvenyika iri zvakasiyana-siyana. Recent zviitiko ndikazvisimbisa, kuti inonyatsobudirira nyika kushandisa nyika dzakadai United States, India, Russia uye China. Yakakura nzvimbo munyika arable nomunda kurimwa vakwanise nyika idzi kushandisa nyika reserves hunhu zvizere. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro chicherwa zvitubu, kuparadzirwa yavo haisi zvachose yunifomu. The ores Anonyanyowanika riri nechepakati uye nechokumabvazuva kuEurope. Minda mafuta pakukura vari pakadzika Sea North uye yeAtlantic Ocean. Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Russia uye China anewo vakawanda mumatanda nhumbi. Sezvineiwo, zviwanikwa zvenyika vari kupwa kutsanya. chaiye anova pfungwa yandisingazodzokizve vanhu.

Matambudziko uye tarisiro chokuita nokushandiswa kwemishonga reserves

Environment - kunzwisisa uye kwete zvakazara nyika. Vanhu vakasimudza chete zvishoma chifukidziro wezvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika chete "wevapenyu" nyika. Sezvo mambakwedza yevanhu, vakaedza kukurira zvinhu zvakasikwa kuti zvimunakire. Sezvaunogona kuona, vanhu nguva dzose kunge chinokosha nezvainoita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro Pasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, iri kuramba kwakawedzera. New ruzivo uye kufambira mberi kwesayenzi vakaita chinokosha basa. Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu kupindira kupinda hunhu kwakakonzera zvinetso zviwanikwa zviri munyika.

mikana New vanhu

Muzana remakore rokutanga, zvakawanda kushandiswa hariperi vachiitawo zvoutachiona pfuma, asi ikozvino, munguva mberi, vanhu vacho vari seafloor, yakadzika anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nematsime akachera ne makumi metres muvhu. Izvi zvaiita kuti kuwana kusvikira dzisingambosvikiki dzinongoitika pfuma. Vanhu nokungwarira vakadzidza zvakatipoteredza zvinoriumba. Zvicherwa, mhangura uye marasha deposits kunge musuo kuti vashandise simba simba.

zvinouraya zvikanganiso

Zvisinei, pamwe yakakwirira dzesayenzi uye rwokugadzira zvinhu zvakakomba zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Uye, zvinosuruvarisa iri panguva dzakawanda mhosva ruoko rwomunhu. kwekuratidzira ake rava kukonzera matambudziko chokuita zviwanikwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera akatanga kuridza shoko "ikoroji". Munhu wese anoda kunwa mvura yakachena, kufema akachena mhepo yakachena uye kwete kurwara, asi vanhu vashoma vanofunga kuti zvinoda nesimba nerimwe. Zvechokwadi, mumakore oupenyu vanhu Panyika anobatsira zvinoumba kwezvakatipoteredza zviri ipfupi, uye kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza yasvika ayo yepamusoro pfungwa. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu, ayo emakore-kare goko zvichishandiswa thinned kuti nokukurumidza kumutsa zvakatipoteredza dambudziko. Chikonzero ichi kwakakonzerwa dzisingadzorwi kwetsvina semarobhoti maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Chepfu chiutsi, uye noxious magasi vouta kunze sezvo biosphere.

Water zvakare hakusi yakanakisisa ezvinhu. Panyika pane nzizi shoma chaizvo kuti zvaizova isina tsvina nemarara. Pamwechete tsvina mvura mavari awana rakaita kwemishonga yezvipembenene nezvimwe fetiraiza. Most tsvina uye abudise migero anokonzerawo mvura yavo yakasvibiswa kune nzizi nemakungwa. Izvi chinokurwadzai kukurumidza kukura nebhitumini - algae kuti kukuvadza nemiti uye fauna of yorwizi. vhiki ose mumakungwa dzenyika kuwana zviuru cubic metres dzemvura "akafa". Nitrates nemamwe chepfu vari kuramba seeping kupinda ivhu.

Vanhu vanoedza kugadzira chinhu

In vazhinji vaikudzwa kunyika mitemo richengetedzwe kwezvakatipoteredza yatorwa nhasi, asi wenguva kwezvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa kutyisidzira hakuna zvishoma nokukurumidza.

Eternal kunetsana pakati maindasitiri makambani uye vamiririri international sangano "neGreenpeace" anopa chete duku zvabuda. nzvimbo yechipiri pamusoro dhigirii zvokutapukirwa (mushure mumhepo) anotora mvura munyanza. Iye anokwanisa kuzvinzwira zvakachena, asi chaizvoizvo, izvi haana nguva kusvika chinangwa chayo. kuunganidza Marara mumvura kukonzera vakawanda kutsakatika zhinji kwemarudzi mhuka.

Oil Kugadzirwa kubva pasi penyanza zvinowanzooneka haana korona kubudirira, zvichiguma pemvura pamusoro pane slicks mafuta rakakura. Chimiro chavo jikichira haabvumiri okisijeni uye mamiriyoni zvipenyu kuti kurarama mugungwa, havakwanisi saturate muviri wako mhepo yakachena.

A inokanganisa mhuka

Choutsi chepfu munzvimbo nzizi negungwa kukanganisa yakatokura vagari mvura yakadzika. hove Big kuvhiringidza marara nezvokudya uye kumedza siyana jira simbi uye epurasitiki zvigadzirwa. Izvi nhamba kusuruvara anoratidza matambudziko uye remangwana.

Vanhu ane asi kudzidza kubata akapoteredza mararamiro. Users vakasikwa kuti vafare, uye Chikurukuru - upenyu utano panyika. Zvisinei, dzakatevedzana zvikanganiso akatungamirira nyika chinenge kune njodzi zvezvakatipoteredza.

Nokufamba kwenguva, zvakava pachena kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko iri mudzi zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza mutoro nzira munhu wose ari panyika. Uye kutaura kuti "mumwe murwi," hakuna kunaka pano. Kutaura zvazviri, munhu wose anokwanisa kubatsirawo zvinokosha kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvenyika. A vasingafungisisi, anogona kutora matanho chaiwo kuchenesa nharaunda. A akanaka pokutangira aizova chakasimwa miti uye marara muunganidzwa mundima yayo. Kushandura nyika munhu anogona kuuya, asi munhu wose anogona kuchinja pachako!