The Organic nyika yacho Atlantic Ocean: zvinhu uye tsananguro

The Organic nyika yacho Atlantic kuvimba tembiricha, salinity nezvimwewo izvo zvaizobatsira mvura chikamu chino Bazi Defence. The zvinhu upenyu zvipenyu zvinosiyana yekudyidzana kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Naizvozvo, pane imwe nzvimbo nezviwanikwa muAtlantic, uye dzine varombo apo uwandu kwemarudzi mhuka iri makumi pane mazana.

Basa zvipenyu inongoitika kunzwisisa MO

The Organic nyika yacho Atlantic Ocean ari kusangana chinokosha chaizvoizvo-refu kure mvura nharaunda kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Kusiyana nemhuka uye zvinomera sei munzvimbo yakakura Continental pasherefu, eko kubva munyika uye nezvimwewo zvakasikwa. Sea nzvimbo, nechepasi uye egungwa vari kumusha zviuru zvinenge kuti muri siyana ushe zvakasikwa Earth. Nemhuka - chinonyanya kukosha zvinoumba yepanyama kunzwisisa. Vari kuona matambudziko okunze, mvura akafanana uye zvivako wamatombo kunyora pasi. Uyewo makemikari nyika kuAtlantic Ocean yakafurira zvimwe zvinoumba zvakasikwa:

• algae kupfumisa mvura okisijeni;
• afemeruke zvinomera nemhuka kunotungamirira vawedzere carbon dioxide inobvisa kugutsikana;
• marangwanda nyuchi kubva coelenterates vanoumba hwaro nekorari kumboongororwa uye pazvitsuwa zvacho;
• Utachiona Sechipanji mvura kubva chicherwa munyu, nokuderedza nhamba yavo.

Organic Atlantic World (zvishoma)

Temperature uye salinity zvinokosha kuti nemaziso zvipenyu anoumba plankton uye algae. Ava zviratidzi zvinokosha nokuti Nekton - mhuka, vakasununguka-akayangarara mumvura mbiru. Features ruyamuro pasherefu uye seafloor akatsunga zvokurarama nazvo pamusoro benthic zvipenyu - benthos. Mukati boka iri, kune yakawanda coelenterates uye crustaceans. Kune akawanda zviri zvirimwa nziyo, zvinoratidza makemikari nyika kuAtlantic Ocean. Photos pegungwa, pasi apa, anopa mukana kuona zvakasiyana-siyana benthos ari subtropical uye dzinopisa latitudes. mvura hove Rich vari vakanovharirwa nzvimbo ndichibvunza maberekero plankton mune unozvidzora uye inopisa zvikamu. Munharaunda idzi pane zvakasiyana siyana seabirds uye zvomumvura mhuka. High latitudes nezasi yokupararira shiri kuti zvokudya pamusoro mvura pamusoro zvakasiyana, vakasununguka kubva chando, uye maberekero dzaitongwa vari kuvaka pamahombekombe.

phytoplankton

Unicellular algae chinhu chinokosha plankton. boka iri rinosanganisira diatoms, zvitema-mutema, flagellates uye zvimwe zvinenge duku vanokwanisa photosynthesis. Ivo vanogara mvura mbiru imwe kudzika 100 m, asi kufadza arambe achirema iri kuchengetwa vokutanga 50 M kubva ayo nechepamusoro. Kuwanda rezuva mwaranzi panguva inodziya mwedzi kunotungamirira kukurumidza kukura phytoplankton - "vachiita" mvura iri unozvidzora uye polar latitudes of Atlantic Ocean.

guru zvirimwa

Photosynthesizing mutema, tsvuku, mashava algae uye dzimwe mhando floras MO - chinokosha yepanyama kunzwisisa. Nemhaka miriwo kugamuchira okisijeni kuti kufema uye zvinovaka muviri yose makemikari nyika kuAtlantic Ocean. List zvevhu uswa kana phytobenthos kunosanganisira kwete chete algae asiwo vamiririri angiosperms kunge dzakashandisa kurarama mumvura munyu, akadai pakuzvarwa Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Izvi "gungwa uswa" vanosarudza nyoro nevhu sublittoral chimiro pane dzakadzika 30 kusvika 50 mamita pasi pemvura Mafuro.

Typical vamiririri nemiti Continental pasherefu muchando uye munyoro zvikamu kumativi maviri neequator - kelp, tsvuku algae (whelk). Vari vasiyana nechepasi matombo matombo kuroorwa. Marine zvinomera inopisa mapazi ose varombo nemhaka mukuru tembiricha rebei insolation.
Economic kukosha algae:

• shava (kelp) - kudyiwa vanoshumira kuti ayodhini, potassium uye algin;
• algae dzvuku - mbishi zvinhu zvokudya uye mishonga Mazinga;
• shava Sargassum algae - ichikonzera algin.

zooplankton

Phytoplankton uye utachiona zvokudya mhuka herbivorous roga. Pachena akayangarara mumvura mbiru, ivo vanoumba zooplankton. Zvinonzi inobva wakanakisisa vamiririri dzemugungwa. Zvakakura yakabatanidzwa kuva meso- uye macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, muramba, cephalopods, kuti shrimp uye nehove diki).

Nekton uye benthos

Pane boka guru zvipenyu mugungwa, kupikisa kumanikidzwa mvura kuenda takasununguka sa. mano aya vane mhuka zvomumvura kuti svikiro uye hukuru makuru.

• Crustaceans. Nhengo subtype iyi kuti shrimp, magakanje uye lobsters.
• Dzemugungwa. Typical vamiririri boka - scallops, mussels, oysters, Squid uye octopuses.
• Fish. Genera uye mhuri superclass ndivo kupfuura vazhinji - anchovies, Sharks, plaice, sprat, Sarimoni, gungwa Bass, capelin, sole, pollock, haddock, halibut, rehove pamunhu, herring, mackerel, cod, Tuna, hake.
• Nezvinokambaira. Vamiririri A shoma - gungwa nenjiva.
• Birds. Tsvaka zvokudya nemvura, PENGUIN, albatrosses, petrels.
• Marine mhuka. Vysokorganizovannye mhuka - Dolphins, hove huru, nemicherechedzo, nemicherechedzo.

Hwaro benthic mhuka kumusoro, zvichiita kuti pasi vakakoshesa nzira youpenyu, zvakadai coelenterates (korari).

Features zvinomera nemhuka dzemarudzi ose Atlantic

1. In kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba bheseni segwapa pamberi Fauna of siyana kwemarudzi uye genera.
2. Plankton marudzi zvishoma, asi yose gobvu inosvika anoshamisa tsika, kunyanya okunze wongoramba. Hunodzorwa diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods uye copepods (krill).
3. High zvoutachiona zvibereko - chiratidzo kunozivisa zvaidiwa makemikari munyika kuAtlantic Ocean. Sezvineiwo vakasiyana arambe achirema upenyu mumvura isina kudzika pedyo chitsuwa Newfoundland, mvura kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo Africa, shoma mumakungwa uye kumabvazuva United States pasherefu, South America.
4. Tropical vematunhu, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, - the vanoshorwa nzvimbo phytoplankton.
5. Nekton negoho kuAtlantic Ocean pasherefu uye Continental materu ari kupfuura munzvimbo yakafanana pedyo mumakungwa. hove koshesa kuti Tidzidze phytoplankton uye zooplankton (bakayawu, herring, mackerel, bhiza mackerel, uye vamwe). In akazaruka mvura vane yezvokutengeserana kukosha tunas.
6. Mhando hunova pamusoro mhuka - mumwe zvaidiwa mhuka munyika kuAtlantic Ocean. Muzana remakore rapfuura, havana kuchiita kuparadzwa kukosha, nhamba shoma.
7. Coral polyps hazvina dzakasiyana sapamazuva Pacific Basin. Kwete chete gungwa nyoka, nenjiva.

Pane siyana zvinoita kuti atsanangure dzakawanda idzi kuti munguva makemikari nyika kuAtlantic Ocean. The mhedziso dzose pamusoro anoratidza zvinotevera: zvikonzero kusiyana chokuita duku kufara Atlantic iri rinopisa wenyika dzakawanda, kukura mune unozvidzora uye polar kumatunhu. Kusiyana neizvi, Pacific uye Indian makungwa ndiwo zvakadini mukuru dzinopisa. Chimwe chinhu uchiumba hama urombo pamusoro Atlantic mhuka rudo kupisa-- vasisanetswi rokupedzisira glaciation, izvo zvakakonzera chinokosha kutonhora muna Northern Hemisphere.

The Organic nyika yacho Atlantic: zvivako hove

Unozvidzora uye dzinopisa latitudes vari kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba hemispheres akapfuma muupenyu. Pakati hove mhando ezvokutengeserana kukosha, - anchovies, pollack, Tuna, cod, hake, uye vamwe. Zvinonzi mined mhuka: hove huru uye gungwa neshumba. Mamwe zvoutachiona zvinhu rinomiririrwa mollusks, crustaceans, mashava uye tsvuku algae. Ocean Plants vanopiwa dzinovaraidza uye mumaindasitiri kugadzira. clams Most muri delicacy, inoremekedzwa mukicheni yenyika dzakawanda (oysters, Squid, octopus, scallops). The chete mamirire zvinogona kupiwa mhuka crustaceans, kusanganisira lobsters, shrimps uye magakanje.

Fishing uye zvomugungwa kugadzirwa kuzviita kunze pasherefu uye munharaunda yacho Continental pamateru. Asi emakore achangopfuura munyaya dzemari riparadzirwe Mvura nzvimbo iyo kare ruzivo kwete simba anthropogenic simba. Naizvozvo, yakawedzera zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kwete mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, asi yose munyanza.