"Žil" chirimwa. Likhachev Plant (žil) - kero

Automobile mafekitari - chinonyanya kukosha chikamu mamiriro yokugutsikana zvakare kana zvishoma guru nyika. Chokwadi, munyika yedu pane mabhizimisi akawanda zvakafanana, mumwe riri fekitari žil. Nyaya pakuonekwa kwake nokurondedzerwa mamiriro kusimuka ichi zvinhu.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Muna 1915, pakupedzisira zvakava pachena kuti michina backwardness yeRussian Empire, zvinodhura zvikuru pamberi. Mumwe kurasikirwa hofori kunokonzerwa manpower uye michina pamberi yaiva nyore ndechokuti wokutanga kudzivirira havana nguva kurera anoshongwa uye nemabara. Pakanga pasina marori, uye mhuka traction haana inoshanda zvakakwana.

Ndokusaka muna 1916 nharaunda Tyufelevoy matanda ndokuisa wokutanga chivakwa Amo chirimwa. kuvakwa kwayo kwakanga hwakazara nezvinetso zvikuru, nokuti nyika nyore haana chimwe muchini pagadzirwe anodiwa zvikamu. Sami michina muRussia zvinobudisawo pakanga pasina nzira, uye naizvozvo vose vanofanira akarayira muUnited States.

After Red October

Muna 1918, pashure pokunge October Revolution, vashandi vaifanira kuwana nzira kugadzira kupembedza zvikamu sezvo romugove kubva kunze pasisina. The wokutanga November 1924 rakazova wokutanga Soviet rori Amo, iyo yakavakwa zvachose kubva mumhuri zvinoriumba. Musi uyu anonzi kuti zuva pakutanga ano Russian Automotive indasitiri.

Muna 1927, pambiru Director akabvuma IA Likhachev. Akasvika pambiru imwe huru dambudziko, apo nyika yakanga kana vashandi unyanzvi kana vachikwanisa kubereka kunyange sei dzinoverengeka yepamusoro simbi yakakwana. Production mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvakanga zvinodhura zvokuti marori kubva kuUnited States, mutengo 30% (!) Kukosha!

Kutsungirira ichi, hombe-pamwero vavakezve chirimwa yakaitwa muna 1931. Just kukuru sei ndiye zvezvinotaurwa basa, runoratidzwa mashoko ari Likhachev: "Chokwadi, isu vakasonanidza jasi nokuda mabhatani ...". Apo chirimwa ichiri kunzi žil zis. Kusvikira 1939 boka akakwanisa kusunungura chete vanenge 40 zviuru nemarori Amo, tisingatauri pamusoro chete nhamba dzemotokari American, ikabereka panguva yacho rezinesi. Yeuka kuti kubvira 1917 kusvika 1920 asiya pasuwo motokari asingasviki zviuru zviviri. Pakazosvika 1939, fekitari unomushandira vanhu 39747.

1941-45

Hondo rava dambudziko yose nyika uye nokuda fekitari chikwata. Sezvo kambani kusunungurwa rakakura chigadzirwa (kwete rinotumira asiwo regimental pfuti, anoshongwa, etc.), vashandi vayo pamberi haana kunzi. Zvisinei, havana aishanda ezvinhu akaoma zvokuti vechiduku vanosarudza kuenda mberi.

matambudziko rakakura akawedzera kuti muna 1941, chirimwa akatozotamiswa kune mamwe maguta, muzvikamu. Muna 1942, nokuda yakaoma mamiriro pamberi, uye kutyisidzirwa kubatwa nevaNazi kugadzirwa nechigadziko akanga arayira kuparadzwa zvachose zvavakanga vachida kuita. It akaponesa fekitari žil chete yechando counteroffensive pedo Moscow, somugumisiro iyo yakaronga yakabviswa.

Chokwadi, nokukurumidza kambani vaiva vashandi kunyanya kare, vakadzi uye vechidiki. Hafu-nenzara, muna unheated mumawekishopu, vaifanira kuunganidza pamberi-mutsetse mitemo. Ivo dzakakunda. Marori chete vanopfuura zviuru 100 yakapiwa nokuda dhuma mana kwemakore aya!

ari yepashure pehondo

Panguva ino, chirimwa žil akatanga nokushingaira kugadzirisa uye vakiridza. Around makore chete, Soviet Union yakatanga basa pamwe China. Maererano migumisiro kwakadzama muna China, yakanga yakavakwa fekitari, iyo yaishandiswa pakuvaka mapepa yeSoviet. Uyezve, muna Soviet Union vakakokwa Chinese Nyanzvi kunodzidziswa.

All haizopereri nguva kusvikira kumugumo 80s, kuti žil fekitari muMoscow kuwedzera kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu. Nyanzvi wechaunga vaiitawo zvose guru-pamwero zvivako yenyika; mushonga uye nzvimbo, zvechiuto uye motokari indasitiri - hwose zvaitwa kusanganisira maoko avo.

guva 90

Wokutanga hafu isingafadzi rechi90 chirimwa vachiri vakabata. Sezvineiwo akanunurazve yasara Soviet-nguva zvibvumirano, uye ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika vatengesi vachiri kutenga motokari. Muna 1994, kuti conveyor bhandi chinoitwa pamusoro "vokupedzisira Mohicans," žil-130. Zvaiita kuti žil (žil) mupenyu mazuva ayo okupedzisira.

Kubvira 1995, zvinhu vacho chaizvo zvakaipa. Vanopfuura hafu zvitoro apinde yakapararawo, vashandi vakagumurwa chirwirangwe nekuti vakanga vasina zvokudya zvekupa mhuri dzavo. Zvishoma akanunura nezvinobvamo zvirevo zviduku, pasi izvo vasara kugadzirwa zvivako dzimwe nguva ndoenda diki kugadzirwa batch. Pakazosvika 2011, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita akarwarisa zvokuti vakasiya fekitari ndima saizi kwave anoenzanirana munzvimbo dzose-Russian Exhibition Center.

makore 1996-2011

Muna 1996, varidzi zvebhizimisi kukurumidza kuparara simbi Dmitry Zelenin uye Alexander Efanov. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti ivo pachavo vakanga vamboona pamusoro chinzvimbo chakadaro, asi vakasagona apfuura chirimwa migove, iyo panguva iyoyo mutengo chaizvoizvo masendi.

Chinhu chokutanga vakawana zvisingatomboiti aramu gadziriro, zvigamba hofori mumakomba fenzi (kunyange kuba michina), uyewo akasuma vanopfuura idzva, sezvo hwakare kwenguva refu chaizvoizvo akashanda nguva. Mumwedzi wokutanga rakachengetedzwa kudziviswa kuba vanenge miriyoni remadhora. Zvaiita kuti zvinhu vakaenda zvakanaka, vatengi chakamukazve chava Sangano žil. Likhachev chirimwa zvishoma nezvishoma vawana vatengi itsva kunyange kunze.

kukundikana itsva

Haiwa, Luzhkov akafunga kudaro. Saka sei kutanga kunobatsira chirimwa yakava zvokudya zvinonaka chechingwa kuti "mumhuri bhizimisi" uye Efanova Zelenin akakurumidza kumanikidzwa kutengesa munhu kutonga rokutambudzikira. The kambani kamwe zvakare akava pfuma Moscow, izvo vasati kufa automaker yakanga zvachose kwete zvakakodzera.

Pamutemo, kugadzirwa wakadurura mamiriyoni emadhora, kukosha migove vakakura ... Asi zvinhu vakaenda kuipa, vashandi zvakare kwemwedzi havana kugamuchira mubayiro. Saka zvinhu vakaenda kusvikira 2010. Pakazosvika nguva chirimwa akanga kare kushanda kusiyiwa. Ndokupi 1939 yaaishandira vanhu vanenge 40 zviuru muna 7000 akasiya "zera hweruzhinji." Muna 2010, vakanonga 1258 (!) Truck. Conveyor akamira.

Kuponesawo chete chirimwa kuti nzvimbo yakakura zvinowanikwa workshop umo chaizvoizvo paakapiwa mari, asi nokuti kubudisa chinhu chinooneka. The mari inoenda kunyange kubva kuJapan.

2011

gore rino ndiyo asingakanganwiki kuti chokwadi kuti Sobyanin akasvika. Iye airamba hazvisi pachena ndiani nhoroondo wokuimba, vakaramba mukana kutengesa chirimwa, zvakare akatanga kudurura mari kupinda kambani. Ko kubudirira? Nepo hapana anozivikanwa. Zvisinei, musi 30 August 2011 zvakanzi pakupedzisira kuzodzosera raparurwa kugadzirwa muitiro, akatanga yakatsiga zvikuru kana zvishoma akavaka motokari. Mumwe ane chete tariro kuti Likhachev chirimwa asi kukunda dambudziko.

Maitiro itsva

Sezvo nhasi iri chinoshingaira rearmament hondo, chekambani utariri anokungura tarisiro yakakwirira kuti varayirwa hurumende kuiswa masimba ake. Akapiwa nhoroondo uye zvishoma nezvishoma unoponesa kirasi vagadziri, ichi vane chikonzero chakanaka. Chero zvazvingava, hurumende rave akataura kuti kubvuma kwokupedzisira zvaibiwa kwakaenderera wekambani chero zvazvingava hazviiti.

Kunyanya, kambani yakazopera mvumo mamiriro guta-dzichiumbwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvichaita vaine pasinei feasibility zvidzidzo. Vagumirwe nhasi ndiyo žil chirimwa. Company kero - 115280, Moscow, Ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.