Zverinetsky wemamonk, Kiev: kero, pikicha uye nhoroondo

Sezvo makarekare guta guru reUkraine, inozivikanwa machechi ayo uye dzimba dzemamongi, achikwezva vafambi vanobva kwose pamusoro. Vazhinji vanoti guta, iro riri "anozivikanwa nomunwe waMwari" uye chaizvoizvo yakazara nemafungiro chiKristu, murume kunounza pfungwa kuwirirana uye norunyararo. Golden domes dzemachechi akawanda Kiev kuti vade maziso, inoshamisa uye bewitching vashanyi uye mapurani siyana nezvivakwa dzakawanda dzechitendero zvino ipai aesthetic mufaro.

In nhoroondo guta nenzvimbo inokosha inogarwa nyika yakakurumbira machechi zvakadai, sezvo Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, wokutanga wemamongi Christian Russia, uye Saint Sophia Cathedral. Mapurani Ensemble wokutanga anouraya vashanyi pamwe runako rwayo, uye ari wechipiri unogona kuona rakasiyana Pamifananidzo kudanana kubva regumi remakore. Vose Cathedral vaiona World Heritage ne UNESCO. Kiev chinonziwo "Jerusarema yeRussian nyika." Zvakaoma kuratidza nemanzwiro kunoitwa yeOrthodox, neVadzidzi nzvimbo tsvene guta rekare. Asi kwete chete Kiev-Pechersk Lavra uye St. Sophia Cathedral ndiyo inozivikanwa guru muUkraine, uye kamwe uye Kievan Rus. Pane zvakawanda zvimwe netemberi zvakafanana dzinonakidza uye machechi kuti kuona wose anouya pano. Uye mumwe wavo ndiye Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev.

Kudzokera ikoko

Vaya vanosarudza pachavo kuongorora kukwezvana uku, iuye kwaari kubva mumugwagwa Michurina - zvikamu 20 uye 22. Pashure achipfuura pasuwo, unofanira kumuka pasuo resimbi. Pamusuo wemamongi Zverinetsky vanofanira kumudana uye kumirira kondakita. Kuwana nayo uye achishandisa Botanical Garden, wakati asvika bhazi kana mumabhazi 14 № № 62 uye kubva kukosha 62K "Cave" Metro station. Ibva unofanira kumisa "mugwagwa Bolsunivskogo". Kana kuenda pevhu, unofanira kuwana kure panguva "Ushamwari yemarudzi" chechitima. Kubva wake Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev pakero: mumugwagwa Michurina 20-22, ingasvikwa netsoka mumaminitsi gumi chete.

To pfungwa mupilgrim mapoka kuuya nebhazi: pedyo netemberi yokufamba uye vanoshandura motokari ine kureba mamita kupfuura mapfumbamwe zvikuru kunzwisisa. Naizvozvo zviri nani kuti paki kumwe mumugwagwa uye Strutinskii, kumusoro mumugwagwa. Michurina, famba kubako zvakaoma.

Vhuṱanzi

Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev iri mune eponymous nhoroondo Ruwa wokuUkraine guru. Ari akanyorwa mazita matongo Monuments of National kukosha kuti nyika. Zverinetsky bako yemamongi ine nhoroondo-gore zviuru. Yakavanzwa mumapako riri kurudyi kumahombekombe Dnieper River. Kuvapo ichi chinoshamisa uye yakasiyana yokugara kwevanhu vakadzidza kusvika hafu adarika. Zvisinei, ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvakavanzika kuti inovanza yekare Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev, asingakwanisi kupedza kudaro kure.

Kutaura chokwadi kuti nzvimbo iyi yokugara mutsvene, masayendisiti akawana nemabhuku emabasa Red chivanze, kumusha mwanakomana Yaroslav Mudrogo Vsevolod. Zita "The Menagerie," sezvo dzekare tenda, rine chokuita musango, apo muchinda akanga kuvhima. Chinonziwo kuti mumakore 1096-1097 munguva yedu pamusana muArabhu ndiyo imwe yemamongi rakaparadzwa pano. Kutonga nezvinooneka anowanikwa mukudhinda masero mapfupa evanhu, uye mamongi uye vagari vemo panguva yokurwiswa Mongol-Tatars vakanga yakavanzwa pachivande mumapako, uko vari Kakawanda uchirwisa uye Akadzivira vapenyu.

Wemamongi panguva Second World War akashanda se utiziro. Izvi runoratidzwa vanochera matongo vakawana chinyorwa pamadziro, dating 1941 gore. Pari kubudikidza kumutsidzirwa wemamongi chete zita mumapako pano nayo inoshanda obschezhitny Zverinetsky makono yemamongi. It rakaumbwa muna 2009. Mariri pane mamongi nomwe, mamongi shanu uye mbiri novices.

nyaya

Muna 1888, mune rimwe Ukrainian pepanhau shoko richiti kuti regumi namaviri October wegore iroro rakazarurwa bako raiva pedyo Mutsvene Utatu wemamonk panguva zoo. Zvino zvikuru netsaona. Zvapupu, zvichienderana remembrancers, akaudzwa kuti paiva pakarepo nokukoromoka, uye ipapo anovhura pamukova mubako. wokutanga muenzi The kuva itsva yemamongi Theodosius Matvienko. Mukadzi uyu vaizviita aigara pedyo nenzvimbo iyi. Kwaari kazhinji muchiroto rakasvika chiratidzo: kutamira mumwe mugumo muraraungu vakazorora chaiyo panzvimbo kukundikana mubako yakaumbwa.

Sezvo kaiziva pakuvhurwa, wokutanga Theodosius akaburuka pasi. Kukundikana akaona dzakawanda dzevanhu mapfupa. Vamwe vavo vakavigwa anokosha niches, uye vamwe vanopararira zvose pamwe mubako nzvimbo, uye nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo - sokuti, sezvo vakawana rufu. Theodosius akabvunza mamongi Mutsvene Trinity Church, saka kuti vaishumira yemariro nokuda mweya yevanhu, vakandowana mu pochivshimi kutsva mubako. Pashure pokuteerera nyaya yake, pamwe neropafadzo zvemamongi ose wemamongi mukuru, Archimandrite Iona wakaburuka kuongorora mubako.

It, pamwe vakawanda dzevanhu zvasara, vakawana zvimedu nguo, michinjikwa, Paramali, matehwe mabhandi cassocks, chechi nemidziyo crockery. Zvakawanikwa zvose izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukundikana hauna kuona neapo kuvigwa dzevanhu, uye mumwe yekare bako dzemamongi, izvo kare inozivikanwa guta Kiev.

zvinoshamisa kuwanikidza

Zviri rakasiyana mufananidzo muchinjikwa yakawanikwa, inonzi "Zverinetsky". Chimiro, zviri chaizvo rakafanana schematic mufananidzo womunhu muviri, nekuti kunze zvavaisiita kwatiri mujinga vaviri vayambuka mitsetse, ane zvakare ... "makumbo" maviri.

Kwenguva refu, kusvikira 1912, Zverinetsky wemamongi vasingagoni kuongorora. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana nharaunda yayo yakanga dzinoshandiswa atirari dhipatimendi, saka mari zvidzidzo ake haana dzinounzwa. Taifanira kuwana anorichengeta uyo angadai akasarudza mari pakutsvakurudza. Uye Sezvineiwo, zvakadai inowanikwa. Zvakazoonekwa Prince Vladimir Zhevakhov. Akatenga nyika chips on whitekuva, akanzwisisa guta kanzuru mvumo kuchera nomumapako.

Muna 1912, basa rakatanga. Vaitungamirirwa ne nhengo vanhu pakudzivirira Monuments of Kiev Alexander Ertel. Zhevakhov pachake chete akatarisa basa uye nemari.

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union

Pakarepo, nebako yakava nzvimbo outorwa. A kuwanda vanhu achiungana pamukova kwavari achida kuenda yekare yemamongi Zverinetsky. Purogiramu kushanda vaifanira kuramba kuchinja aibuda vechinamato chaitadzisa Vatsvakurudzi kushanda. Vanhu vakauya pano pashure kuguma kudzidza, kusvikira thirties. Mapilgrim vakadzivira pano kuuya chete pashure pokukundwa uye vakatanga kutambudzwa simba yeSoviet. Muna 1933 iye vakaurayiwa abbot pakati wemamongi Archimandrite Filaret, uye muna 1934 yakavharwa uye iye Zverinetsky wemamongi, uye pashure imba yake yakanga nomukondombera kumusoro. Access kubako rakavhurwa chete mushure nineties remakore rapfuura.

The kumutsidzirwa wemamongi

Muna 1993, apo nyanzvi akaongorora zvisaririra yakawanikwa mumapako, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti ekupedzisira ndezvaJehovha wegumi nemiviri emakore. Uyezve, vakawana kuti vanhu vose ivavo zvisaririra vakanga vakaongorora, akatambudzika pakararama zvirwere zvakadai inochinja muviri kubva refu kugara chando uye nyorova ezvinhu. Izvi zvakanga kwohumwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mamongi vari vakavanda. Muna 1997, kwakanga akararamazve wemamongi Kuberekwa Musikana, uye muna 2009 - pahwaro ake Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru Zverinetsky wemamongi yakatangwa. Kubvira ipapo yave kugara akabata kunamata. Munhu wose anoita outorwa kubako uye, chokwadi, anofanira kushanyira Zverinetsky wemamongi. Purogiramu mabasa anogona kuwanikwa patemberi, kana kutarisa pamutemo wotoona temberi.

yakasiyana anowana

Kamwe akachenurwa pevhu namaberere mukati rimwe masero vakawana rekare nemisipiresi scapular Hwedu Lady. Kunenge kuti icon zvaiva Metropolitan, wakakubudisa kubva Korsun Prince Vladimir pamusoro Rus Kubhabhatidzwa. Masayendisiti kuziva kuti akanga ari muSiria. Metropolitan Michael pamusoro Kiev akabhabhatidzwa, uye zvinokwanisika kuti ndiye akavamba Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev. Photos zvakagadziridzwa dzakaitika Pavaichera dzinoratidza kuti ichi mubako yemamongi yakanga yaparadzwa kana Polovtsy kana Tatars. Vazhinji mapfupa akawanikwa kurudyi pamukova mumapako ari mberi nokudzoka shure. Sezviri pachena, vanopinda nechisimba, yakarasika tariro, iri nyore akauzadza.

Revival chechi vakatanga pakarepo pashure pehondo. Caves vakagamuchira chinzvimbo of Museum of Archaeology. Mukupera nineties remakore rapfuura, zvemamongi pakati wemamongi St Jona akatangazve kunamata rakaitirwa mubako mutembere, unova Zverinetsky wemamongi muKiev. Photos zvishamiso mufananidzo chete zita rinowanikwa mubako, akaiswa rimwe remabhuku. pepanhau iri rawa mumaoko mupristi mumwe mumisha yaiva pedyo Kiev. With zvikuru kuna baba vake vakadzidza kuti icon asati raakanga daily anoramba achidzokorora munamato kuna Mwari. Muna 2000, mufananidzo chinoshamisa adzoka Utatu Church St Jonah wemamonk.

Zverinetsky Monastery purogiramu mabasa

Kubvira kare kare, rakanga vaifunga kuti nzvimbo Zverinetsky bako riri chimwe chezvinhu zvitsvene pfungwa kuti Ukraine uye Russia. Uye pasinei nokuti pakuvaka nyika Svyatomihaylovskogo kana Vydubytsky tembere hama vakasiya masero dzavo pachivande, uye iye pevhu yemamongi rakaparadzwa wechiTatar-Mongol nechisimba uye akanganwa nemakore anenge mazana masere, nhasi vanoramba kukwezva Mapilgrim vanouya pano kubva pamusoro nyika yedu zvikuru. Nhoroondo avo incredible chakavanzika inoita zvinoshamisa Zverinetsky yemamongi muKiev.

Purogiramu Divine Services wakaitwa mukati mamasvingo wemamongi, unogona kuona pamusoro pamutemo wotoona temberi. Musi weSvondo nenguva 7.15 uye pamusoro mevhiki pa 6.30 am yakaitwa pano Midnight. By Small Compline vanofanira kuuya panguva 17.00. Thanksgiving yokunamata rakaitirwa mubako mutemberi musi yeMugovera pa 7.00 am. Musi weSvondo, panguva imwe chete kushumira manheru uye Akathist kuna Arhangelu Mihailu.

Zverinetsky (Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru) yemamongi nhasi rakakura kunzwisisa. On Ndima yayo anoshanda bako chechi, vagadzwe nezita Miracle Arhangela Mihaila, uye nesuwo temberi Church Amai vaMwari. Services inoitwa pamusoro-pasi uye pevhu dzezvimwe, izvo zviri chikamu kunzwisisa Zverinetsky wemamongi. Purogiramu mabasa, uyewo mazita mazororo echitendero zvino zvinogona kuwanikwa musi yake yebasa Website.

dzinoyera

Ancient yemamongi Zverinetsky vomunguva Zvinofadza kwete chete nokuda nhoroondo yaro zvinoshamisa. Pane zvakawanda ipfungwa matsvene. Pakati pavo vari vairemekedza mifananidzo, mufananidzo Amai vaMwari "Zverinetsky", "Joy Vose Kusuwa", "Quick kuti Teererai". Heano zvisaririra dzamadzibaba matsvene Zverynets.

Information nokuti vashanyi

Zverinetsky nemakomba pevhu vari kuumbwa vatatu maberere-mumigwagwa: Atari, pamariro (makuva Vasina) uye mhete (unexamined kuvigwa). Masero, uyewo boka crypt yakafukidzirwa mapuranga kuchengeteka. Inokuchengetedza pamusoro Madhaka. Walls uye loculi Funeral mumugwagwa makore mashoma apfuura azopora aine chidhinha. On chikamu ichi pevhu tunnels maimbova nheyo dzetemberi.

The Kureba dzomumusha riri vanhu vanenge zana nemakumi mashanu mamita. Haakuvadzi zvakakwana vashanyi. Kurutivi rworuboshwe Atari pakuguma mugwagwa pane kuvigwa loculi, akasaina muzita Theodore chirema, kodzero ari muchitokisi Andronikasi cavers. Temberi pamusoro pearitari iri kutemera ibwe mazita sere abbots Zverynets: Leonty (muvambi wemamongi), Marcian, Michael (akazova Bhishopi Tartu), Sophronia, Mines (akazova Bhishopi Polotsk), Clement, Manuel, uye naRazaro.

Vashanyi anogona kupinda vaonane nezuva upenyu yekare vagari tembere iyi mubako. The mamongi vairara kuchitonhora yakamanikana zviso, uye nezvifukidzo kwavari ivhu zvesimba. Residents aiva chisvusvuro patafura, inova mvere pamusoro mumapako. Kuvigwa vamwe mamongi Zverinetsky mwero chaizvo: chete isa munhu panyika pakati mapuranga maviri, ipapo kutura muviri kutanga uye wechipiri - wechitatu. Inoungana kare yellowed panguva repfupa akaturikidzana yaiteverwa matombo kunooneka vakapfigirwa ari yakamanikana mugero pachivande. Pano rinogona kuonekwa uye zvedongo midziyo kubva izvo peep dehenya kwevanhu. The sepulchral niche umo akavigwa ari abbot Clement akawana diki simbi kuvake. Yakanga yakafukidzwa chena enamel, izvo zvinofanira kudzivirira simbi kubva ngura. Icon chinoratidza mufananidzo wemhandara "Hodegetria". Zvadaro, vanhu vakawana kuti zvishamiso uye kuporeswa kubva chirwere. Pano unogona kuona simba Michael - Metropolitan, iyo, sezvo rave akati kuti rakafuridzirwa kubhabhatidzwa Prince Vladimir muna Kievan Rus.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Zvinonzi Maecenas Zhevakhov, mari iyo aiitisa Zvakafukunurwa, pashure pokuchinja, yakanga akavanda mumapako Zverynets. Zvisinei, ipapo akanga akabatwa uye akapedza mwedzi minomwe ari Kiev mujeri. Vabuda mujeri, Zhevakhov akava mumongi, uye muna 1926 - bhishopu. Muna 1937 akanga asungwa nokuda NKVD. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Zhevakhov nokuti zvinopesana hurumende akapfurwa.

ngano zhinji otaurwa ane pevhu bako yemamongi. Chokwadi, vatsoropodzi zvingaita sokuti, kuti kunoshamisa kuwana nzvimbo simba chinhu munhuwo geophysical mananara chete: kuti ruzha chingava kubva pokuwa, uye muraravungu kunokonzerwa chiedza refraction. Zvisinei, vafambi, uye romantics zhinji, vashanyi kuuya pano chete kuti vakwanise kupinda inoshamisa Aura kuti rutumba ichi. Pane kutaura kuti pane vari mudzimba zvezvikomo Menagerie, zvinogona kuvanzwa uye kunozivikanwa raibhurari, vaiva pedyo Prince Yaroslav vachenjeri.