Zvine vakakotamiswa Zviridzwa: rondedzero boka

Hwaro Symphony Orchestra ndiro boka riri pakati, pamberi vateereri uye muitisi. Izvi zvine akakotama zviridzwa. kurira kunobva ndiko vibrating tambo. Kupatsanura Hornbostelya Sachs-nemitengeramwa akakotama inonzi chordophones. Kana vaviri violins, Viola uye chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello kutamba pamwechete, imi mune tambo quartet. Izvi kamuri mumhanzi tambo norudimbwa.

vamutangira

Double basses, cellos, violas uye violins vakanga kunyange asina kutanga, yakanga pashure pamusoro Viola, rwakazokura akakurumbira muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Radzo rakanga vakapfava, saka ivo nokukurumidza akava Mudikamwa kuti kwaya ose. Tambo akakotamisa zviridzwa, sezvo vakadaro, akazviratidza refu pamberi violas, asi zvakadaro vari vaduku zvikuru vatanha zviridzwa.

The uta yagadzirwa muIndia, kunyange akanga vaGiriki vekare havana kuziva nezvacho. MaArab, vaPezhiya, Africans vakapfuura kubva imwe nyika kune imwe sezvo Baton, uye zvishoma nezvishoma (remakore rechisere), uta akauya Europe. Pane akaumba zvine yakakotamiswa zviridzwa, izvo, kuchinja, akabereka Viola wokutanga, gitare uye ipapo.

Viola

Viola vaiva inosiyana uye kubva zvakasiyana kuzvikomo manzwi, vamwe vamire pakati pamabvi ake, mumwe - pamabvi ake, uye vamwe - hombe - akamira pabhenji uye vaifanira kutamba yakamira. Paivawo Viola diki, zvaiita sezvo violin pafudzi rake. Viola Da Gamba richirimo mumhanzi, iye ane mutsa zvikuru uye akanaka "izwi." Iye achikunda aivapo kusvikira nemisere remakore, vamwe nguva chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello vakaimba yake bato. Chete muna 1905 ari Viola mambo Gamba mumhanzi akadzoka. Tambo akakotama zviridzwa zvabatsira chaizvo inzwi ravo naye kudzoka.

Kazhinji, kuti Viola kwenguva refu vaiva machinda yakawanda anofadza vane izuva, sezvinoita muffled inzwi, mumhanzi rinonzwika organically chekenduru, apo vaimbi vari vherevheti nguo uye weupfu wigs. First gitare acho mumhanzi akunda, saka dzoushe uye Salons dzavo refu havabvumirwi kupinda, pane akatonga mumwe viol uye nomutengeramwa.

mumhanzi Viola kwakaita kubva anokosha zvinhu uye vaivawo tsvarakadenga, kunyange vakuru vacho kazhinji artistically zvakavezwa muchimiro maruva, vakuru mhuka kana vanhu.

vanatenzi

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, pamwe veMubatanidzwa violins, nembira uye violovye nemhizha vakatanga dzidzisazve nokuti fairground zvavo nhumbi kutsiva yekare vakakwirira, nekuti vakanga nemikana yakawanda dzokubvisa inzwi, upenyu magadzirirwo unyanzvi. In Cremona, akatanga chikoro akakurumbira pakati Andrea Amati, uyo akava enhaka. muzukuru wake akakwanisa kuita violins vane zvinoshamisa kuita kuridza uye ushamwari, softness uye dzakasiyana-siyana matauriro akaramba.

Violin akava akakwanisa zvose: kutaura manzwiro evanhu uye kunyange kutevedzera intonations enzwi kwevanhu. Kwapera A remakore, mumwe tenzi - Antonio Stradivari, mudzidzi Nicolo Amati, akazarura kwake workshop uye wakaita zvakanaka. Uyewo hunoshamisa aiva tenzi uye Dzhuzeppe Gvarneri, vakauya nepfungwa itsva gitare design, zvakawanda akakwana. Zvikoro zvose izvi zvaiva mhuri, nyaya mberi, nevana, uye vazukuru. Avaindipa kwete chete violin, asiwo vamwe zvine yakakotamiswa nhumbi dzose.

Mazita orchestral zviridzwa

The chepamusorosoro mazita uta tambo ane gitare, uye yakadereresa - bass. Pedyo inzwi gitare - chete pazasi - inonzwika Alto, kunyange yakaderera - chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello. Maumbirwe Its zvose zvine vakakotamiswa nhumbi akafanana nhamba yevanhu, asi inosiyana.

Housing violins ane shop maviri - okumusoro, wokutanga chakagadzirwa mumeporo uye mumwe kubva kudya. Kuti uriri ndiye anokonzera unhu uye nesimba nenzwi. Zvayaiva pamusoro rakamonana slots - add-mumakomba, uye vanotarira sezvinoita tsamba "f". Kuti muviri yakabatanidzwa mutsipa (umo "mhanya" minwe violinist), dzaiwanzogadzirwa Ebony, uye pamusoro payo parukungiso - mana. Ivo zvakabatanidzwa nembambo dzadzo, Achitsaudzira uye kudhonza pamusoro pavo. Heino rokuyamura kureba kurira kunobva violinist mimhanzi yaunonyanya fiddle, twirling kukamurwa.

How kutamba navo

Alt makuru gitare, kunyange zvazvo chete anochengeta pafudzi rake. Chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello yakatokura, kutamba nayo agere pachigaro, akaronga chishandiso pasi pakati petsoka dzake. Bass kwazvo kupfuura kukura chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello, bass mutambi nguva dzose Mitambo vakamira, muna zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko, rinogara yakakwirira chitsiko.

Namatai - rutanda namatanda akatambanudza makobvu bhiza bvudzi, iyo zvino lubricated rosin - mupaini nebwe. Zvadaro kukotamira zvishoma rwakanamatira tambo uye sei kuti kurudzosa pamwe. The tambo vibrates uye nokuti zvinoita. All zvine vakakotamiswa zviridzwa Symphony Orchestra ushande musimboti ichi. Apo inodiwa mamakisi pauta tambo, unogona kusvina Audio Yokubvisa (pizzicato), uye kunyange yakarova womuti chikamu uta.

Alto

Viola anotarisa chaizvo chakafanana violin, iye zvishoma vakwanise uye yakareba, asi timbre yake chaiyo, kuridza yakaderera uye mukobvu. Kwete violinist ose anogona kuridza Viola pamwe nyaya muna mana nematanhatu masendimita refu, hongu, uye ndinoiitawo mutsipa. Minwe kunge vakasimba uye refu, hwayo bhurasho uye simba zvakare. Uye, chokwadi, vanoda chaizvo nehanya. izvi unhu zvose pamwe chete ndiyo zvisinganyanyi kuitika.

Kunyange zvazvo vanyori Viola hakusi nevakawanda sezvo mamwe boka vakapfugama nemitengeramwa, zvichiri zvikuru mune chikwata chevaimbi. Kana vachiridza Solo Somuenzaniso, Yuriy Bashmet, kukosha chiridzwa zvinonyanya akanzwa.

chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello

No Chishandiso zvakawanda dzakashandisa manzwiro akadai pakusuruvara, kusuruvara, kunyange mwoyo. Chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello ane izwi kuboora mweya yaingowanikwa timbre, hapana mumwe mudziyo haadi. Aleksandr achisekerera zvichienzaniswa kwayo "Scarlet Anoenda" fiddle pamwe musikana wakachena anonzi Assol uye chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello - pamwe vaneshungu Carmen. Chokwadi, chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello rakadzika wokushandura simba manzwiro uye yakajeka hunhu.

Chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello yakabereka panguva imwe chete chete violins vane vatenzi yokutanga, asi vakwana kubudikidza Antonio Stradivari. Izvi chishandiso kwenguva refu nguva haana kuona mumhanzi, achisiya wake kutsigira bato, asi kana inzwi rakanga zvechokwadi vakanzwa yakawanda Vanyori unonyora Solo chamber nziyo chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello uye vatambi kuwedzera vakakwana magadzirirwo kutamba mudziyo uyu.

contrabass

Ndicho yepasisa-zvine akakotama mudziyo uri mazita. Form pamusoro bass fiddle akafanana zvakare: a raiiswa muviri, mapendekete ake sandara pamusoro mutsipa. Inzwi rake raive rakasimba, vapfumi, varombo, uye chikwata chakadzokera asingadi kuridza zvakanaka pasina Bass, saka bass pane kungoita irreplaceable. Uyezve, akararama upi kwaya anenge - kunyange jazz. It hunokosha.

Kana tikaenzanisa ari orchestral mamakisi pamwe pamuviri womunhu, bass - ndiwo marangwanda iro, ukuwo, kuti "nyama" - ndiye harmonic kuenderana uye melodic mutsetse - "ganda", zviri pachena kune vose. Kana isu kufungidzira kuti marangwanda muviri chabviswa, chii chinoitika? Hongu, shapeless saga. Ndicho chete zvinodiwa uye bass pariri unongoramba. Chii zviridzwa tambo & uta achakwanisa kuchengeta mutinhimira yose kwaya? Chete basses.

gitare

Tambo akakotama zviridzwa Zvakakodzera aiona mambokadzi apo violin anoimba, vamwe vanogona chete nziyo pamwe. Kurira rakundwa manomano nzira, chii hapana rimwe kushandisa boka iri haazivi sei. Uta rakaoma, mafungu, ine horsehair, grated rosin - akapotsa ikwidzwe nokuti simba rosin akasasa upfu. Kana uta rinouya tambo, zvimiti uye pakarepo kuminyuka tambo, sei zvakawanda dzaro elasticity, uye zvino anouya kure, kuti pakarepo kuomerera zvakare. Hekuno kwebasa tambo - kunyange kana kuminyuka uta, uye sinusoidal pamusoro kudzoka - uye pave nemamwe timbre.

More uye nokungwarira akadai: mune namajoko, mumwe gitare Somuenzaniso, parukungiso vari strung pamusoro dzakaoma Sills nesimbi, apo violin vanotovimba huni, asi tamba anomira kuti zvichisiyana chete mutambo kumativi ose, uye nokufamba izvi rinopa zvose parukungiso, kunyange Chokwadi chokuti uta haina hanya. Saka zvizere haawanzotauri oneka nechimiro chokureva anowedzerwa kuti kunyange zvakawanda Anopfumisa kurira chiridzwa.

mikana turusi

Intonation rusununguko gitare kuridza nyore zvisingaperi. Haikwanise chete nziyo, asiwo muridzo, uye kutevedzera mukova creaking uye segwenhure shiri. Uye kamwe paterevhizheni akaratidza April Dununu Humorina apo violinist varambe vachifara vateereri kuburikidza mimicking game zvachose chokuita mumhanzi. Somuenzaniso, inzwi illegible maneja pachiteshi, azivise vasvike chitima. Shoko "pavtaryaaaayu" gitare kutsutsa pakutsiurwa. Ugone chokushandisa ichi chinonyanya novimba unhu yokunzwa Executive, uye kurovedza inofanira refu. Kwete pasina, vana vanotanga kudzidza kare matatu kana mana apfuura kuti pachine mugumisiro.