Zvirevo bhuku Russian uye Chinese ngano

Munyika mune mbiri bhuku rekare rouchenjeri. Vari nevakawanda sechinoitika ngano, ari kutumira uchenjeri mashoko pfupi, ngano uye rengano, uyewo mabhuku - wokutanga izere dzigare mairi mashoko. zviitiko zviviri izvi asingagoni vayambuka, saka nhasi vanhu ane mabhuku akawanda pamusoro zvirevo uye mashoko akawandisa mabhuku.

The enhoroondo muRussia

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 988 Rus kushandisa chiKristu. Panyaya iyi, pane ari zvaidikanwa panyama venhau, izvo zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuna nevanhu okutenda Orthodox rose nenharaunda yose mamiriro. Kwakadaro mashoko vatakuri mutemo mutsvene wechiKristu akatanga mabhuku akanga akakopwa noruoko kubudikidza mamongi. A rakakura kukura mabhuku muRussia akauya hama Kirill I Mefody.

Panguva yaitonga Ivana Groznogo kudiwa vakawanda mabhuku rakawedzera zvikuru kubva dura inoumbwa yevagari ehurumende (the boyars), akavapindurawo, kwakawedzera zvikuru. The mamongi havana nenguva nyorazve bhuku, kunze, zvakatora refu kwazvo nguva. Panyaya iyi zvaida kuti michina yokudhinda. Muvambi akadhindwa bhuku munyika iyi runoonekwa kuna Ivan Fedorov, uyo kubudikidza zvarayirwa Ivan IV rakabudiswa yokutanga kudhinda shanduro "MABASA AVAPOSTORI."

Kubvira ipapo, bhuku akava Chinokosha Paunhu vakadzidza uye tsika vanhu, vakapinda Russian tsika yacho uye ngano: a mhando itsva mashoko - chirevo pamusoro bhuku.

Under Peter Ini rinodhindira ndiwo mutakuri tsika dzechiKristu kwete chete. Paiva mabhuku, achiita kuzvivaraidza ushande. Rakanga wo mabhuku uye akaunganidzwa, izvo vakadzidzisa vana pamba uye muzvikoro akanyorwa. With siyana ichi mabhuku zvirevo pamusoro bhuku rakatanga zvinosanganisira zvimwe chirevo. Ivo kuenzaniswa dzidziso kuverenga uye dzidzo.

Bhuku sechiratidzo kudzidzisa

Proverbs uye mashoko pamusoro bhuku yakasimbiswa naye Russian zvavo tsika seinokonzera ruzivo uye zvakawanda. Hapana tsaona nekuti paiva kwakapararira kwokuti murume akachenjera havagoni kuva kudaro pasina kuverenga.

Books zvakasimba midzi munyika yedzidzo, vanobatanidzwa curricula pamusoro masangano yedzidzo, sezvo pfungwa "dzekare mabhuku", vakakoniwa kurarama kana mabasa evanyori makuru vasina wagadzirirwa mune chaihwo svikiro.

Zvirevo bhuku zvinomiririra chete zvachose mufananidzo zvenhau sezvo chinhu chinobatsira tsika dzevanhu. Asi kwaiva muzviitiko zvakawanda munhau apo mabhuku uye munhu mabasa vaionekwa ngozi, sezvo yaiva pfungwa dzinopesana zvinofarirwa simba. Muenzaniso uyu - "The Gulag Archipelago" yokufungidzira Solzhenitsyn waMwari, rakabudiswa kuruzhinji zvikuru gare gare pane akazviratidza kubva chinyoreso kumunyori.

Russian mashoko pamusoro mabhuku

Kukosha bhuku iri nguva dzose inosimbiswa Russian ngano. An mufananidzo chinyorwa ichi rinogona achiti: ". Gold iri mined kubva pasi, uye ruzivo - kubva mumabhuku" Kubva pane izvi zviri pachena kuti kuziva vanhu Russian kwakangofanana nendarama kukosha, uye bhuku rakanaka - iri rakaorera ivhu pamusoro unowanikwa zvose rinokosha uye zvakakodzera kuti pakunamata uye patsika kukura murume.

Zvirevo ebhuku iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nedanho familiarization pamwe mashoko acho mairi, kureva pamwe kuverenga. MuRussia, nenzira, pamberi ari abolition pakati serfdom ruzhinji kwevanhu kwakanga kuverenga, sezvo vanhuwo zvavo vasina marii kutumira vana vavo kuchikoro. Kunyange zvakadaro, chirevo pamusoro bhuku nokurirava midzi Russian tsika yacho, refu asati hurumende yakanga yakapedza kusadzidza.

Chinese mashoko pamusoro mabhuku

Vakachenjera nevafungi vokuMabvazuva vaisagona kunzvenga nyaya mabhuku divi. Proverbs uye mashoko pamusoro bhuku kugara nzvimbo inokosha iri Chinese zvavo unyanzvi.

Oriental mashoko akasiyana chaiyo, madimikira akahwanda anovaita inopenya uye kwezvokufuka. Pano mumwe wavo: "Nedochitannaya bhuku - haina vakapfuura kuguma nzira pamberi." tsumo iyi rinosimbisa kuti kuverenga mabasa - wose upenyu pamwe yayo maitiro uye mitemo, izvo murume anofanira kuteerera. Kana kuverenga basa haina ruchapera, ipapo zvose rapfuura zviito vanorasikirwa zvazvinoreva anoramba kujeka musimboti uye uzivi ebhuku, muverengi haangavi zvakazara kukwanisa kunzwisisa kunaka kwaro. Saka, chirevo pamusoro mabhuku uye kuverenga zvinhu zvinogarodyiwa uye anokosha China.

Russian tsumo pamusoro pokudzidzisa

Vanhu Russian, Chokwadi, anoona dzidzo sezvo Boon kuvanhu. Uye sezvo zivo ndiro bhuku, pfungwa "kudzidza" uye "Kuverenga" National ngano vava anofanana. Ndokusaka mashoko tsumo pamusoro rudo kune bhuku kazhinji dziri dzimwe mashoko siyana - mune mashoko kudzidza, "Red Bird perem uye murume akadzidza" - nokuti hazvibviri pakuzvinyengera dzidzo pasina bhuku rakanaka.

Chinese tsumo kudzidza

Eastern vakachenjera uyewo kusimbisa incredible kukosha kwokuverenga ruzivo vamwe uye pachake, kuvandudza nyika yake yomukati. Naizvozvo, China kwakaita mashoko nezvedzidziso uye bhuku - kupfuura kufarirwa chimiro akangwara zvipfupi mashoko akadaro.

"Iwe handidi kuva kukurumidza mukudzidzisa - unogona kurasikirwa nayo" - ndicho chimwe muenzaniso mashoko, izvo akasimudzira mangwanani kuzviremekedza dzidzo, inova yakanakisisa mutevedzeri - yaibatsira uye dzinonakidza bhuku.