Akawana Antarctica chaizvoizvo?

Kuvapo kondinendi rechitanhatu hunonzi vanhu vazive kubvira pakutanga XVI remakore. The rwendo Amerigo Vespuchchi 1501-1502 gg. It Akaongorora polar latitudes kwesango hemisphere uye akasvika pamhenderekedzo pachitsuwa South Georgia. Anozodzidza padanda aidzidzisa kudzivirira chando, zvikukutu chando uye hummocks. Pashure paizvozvo, zvakavanzika Antarctica mwoyo naye kuwanikidza. Musi mepu yacho yakaonekwa vasati mukudzora kuti rutsoka womunhu, uye kunyange kusvikira panguva iyo wokutanga vanhu vakaona nyika yakafukidzwa neaizi. Kare zvaifungwa kuti ino ndiyo kumaodzanyemba yezasi Latin America kana kunyange Australia, sezvo Somuenzaniso, kuswedera muna 1513 Pirireisa mepu.

Asi Antarctica uyo akavhura vokutanga? Uye chii "pachena"? Ndinoona? I achibudira panyika? Ini vachisimudza mureza? Pachiitiko ichi, hapana tenderano. Russian vanodavira kuti kukudzwa kuzarura kondinendi aiva rwendo kubva Bellingshausen uye Lazarev (January 1820), ukuwo British vanodavira kuti Antarctica yakawanikwa Edward Bransfild (mu January 1820). America paakavapa ari laurels pakati akawana kondinendi idzva Nathaniel Palmer (November 1820). All vatatu nzendo idzi chete kuonekwa billowing kudenga kumahombekombe, asi vakanga vasingagoni kuswedera pedyo navo nekuda hombe echando nzvimbo. Wokutanga kufunga kuti takura mureza nyika yavo wokuFrance Dumont d'Urville, asi akaita saizvozvo, sezvakanga akatendeuka akabuda, pachitsuwa, asi kwete pamusoro guru nomunda.

The Dutch vane mhinduro yavo kumubvunzo akawana Antarctica. Maererano navo, izvozvo akaita wengarava Dirk Geeritts shure muna 1559. Pashure dutu kuti kuitika Strait of Magellan, chikepe kuzoonana navo dzechikwata uye akaguma akatumira kumaodzanyemba. Kana yakagadzira yeDutch akaona "dzakakwirira" uye akazivisa Coordonatele dzavo - 64 ° S. W. Zvisinei, Geeritts kumbobvira kuzviti akawana kondinendi, uye hatizivi zvaaireva ne "dzakakwirira" - nayo kunge aiva mumwe Zvitsuwa zvizhinji pasherefu yacho kondinendi.

Muna January 1773, Dzheyms e akaswedera ngarava «Resolution» uye «Adventure» kusvika 67 ° 'S. W., apo akanga akamira neaizi. Ko kuzorora laurels dzedu, iye Zvisinei adzoka rakatevera gore uye ukasvika 71 ° 15 'rwezasi Latitude, paakanga kutamira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero Tierra Del Fuego, nyika haana asvika, uye havana kuona. Asi pedyo nemhenderekedzo huru aiva nemhanza ari American chikepe "Cecilia," rimwe gore mushure Russian rwendo muna 1821. Asi vanhu havaendi pamhenderekedzo. Kana mutongi akawana Antarctica pamusoro kumhara, uye pano tinowana discordance.

The pamutemo musi kumhara pamusoro Continental uye pasherefu chando vokutanga haisi ichi chisinganzwisisike chikamu nyika kuonekwa January 23, 1895. Kuti rukudzo wakawira maviri vomuNorway: mukuru chikepe hove "Antarctica" Christensen uye mutakurwi Karlstenu Borhgrovinku, mudzidzisi dzinongoitika nesayenzi. Mudzidzisi, chokwadi, kure akanyengetedza chinzvimbo dzinofunga maindasitiri chikepe mukuru muedzo chikepe dhoku uye mvura kumahombekombe. Ikoko Borhgrovink akaunganidza dombo mimwe pamatombo uye akatsanangura kuti akaona Antarctic lichen. Asi pano ndicho Argentine masayendisiti nharo ndiro rine chokwadi ari vomuNorway, achiti kuti kuwana ndiani asvinudza Antarctica, hazvibviri, nekuti vanhu ava havasi akasiya hapana uchapupu zvakanyorwa. Vanochera matongo vakawana pamhenderekedzo huru zvakasara dzimba zvemumba, iro zuva kubva pakutanga XVIII remakore. Kujeka whalers isingazivikanwi rudzi vakatsiva zvakavanzika zvake paguva.

Chero zvakanga, pahwaro hwechibayiro Russian rwendo chavanhu hazvirambiki. Bellingshausen uye Lazarev skirted huru uye zvakaratidza kuti iye akapoteredzwa mumakungwa. Weather in Antarctica haakonzeri kukurudzira zvakadzika: kunyange muzhizha pane kubvunda aizi pakavha. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye kuti kondinendi iri soro - kwayo avhareji yakakwirira kupfuura zviuru 2 metres, uye yakakwirira (Vinson Massif) - 5140 mamita. Panovhurwa Antarctica kwakaguma kwete zvishoma chinzvimbo uye ngozi urongwa vanhu kuenda South Pole. Lavra wanikidza zvikuru wokumaodzanyemba pfungwa yedu ndezvaJehovha Amundsen (1911-12.).