Anatoly Efros - Soviet firimu uye mitambo mutungamiriri. Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich (Makore oupenyu - 1925-1987) - Soviet firimu mutungamiriri uye mudzidzisi. Muna 1976 akagamuchira wenyaya akaremekedza Artist of RSFSR.

Mavambo uye mangwanani makore

Anatoly akaberekerwa Kharkov, June 3, 1925. mhuri yake haisi kusvika chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo kwezvakatipoteredza. Vabereki Anatoly aishanda imwe fekitari ndege. Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva yemberi mukuru vaduku kwazvo yekutambira. Iye aifarira Stanislavsky, verenga pamusoro zvesimba ake. Ndapedza chikoro, Anatoly akatanga kudzidza muMoscow. Iye chikoro panguva Theater. Moscow City Council.

Kudzidza ari GITIS

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich muna 1944 akapinda GITIS iri kutungamirira dhipatimendi (Chokwadi M. O. Knebel uye NV Petrova). Muna 1950 iye kudzidza pamwe chinokudza. Graduation waivako Anatoly Vasilyevich - "Prague ndeyangu", vakasikwa mujeri dhayari Yu Fucik. Kusarudzwa tenzi uye mararamiro rakava rombo pamusana Efros: Knebel, chikuru mudzidzisi uye mboni Stanislavsky, akakwanisa kupa akwanise kunzwisisa kwounyengeri nepfungwa yemitambo. Nokuti zvose ake upenyu Anatoliy akaramba akaita unyanzvi "ruzivo." Akava uye creatively reworked ari Stanislavsky ezvinhu, uyewo zvayo nzira basa chete mutambi.

Mabasa wokutanga basa iri CDT

Anatoly akaisa zvesimba ake yokutanga muna Ryazan yemitambo, uye muna 1954 akagadzwa mukuru mukuru Moscow Central Vana Theatre. CDT (zvino Youth Theater) apo Efros akatanga Vanoratidzira zvesimba kwete chete nokuda vana. Pano kuuya vaduku vatambi, vane mazita vakazopiwa akaita anozivikanwa Russian Danho: Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Uye Anatoly Efros akabatsira kuzarura tarenda. It iri MDGs ari 1950s vakaisa dzinokosha itsva yemitambo munyika yedu.

With zita V. Rozov (yaifananidzira pakati), munyori wemitambo, akabatanidza chinhu Danho rinokosha mukutanga mabasa Anatoly Vasilyevich (yaifananidzira kuruboshwe), uyewo Russian yemitambo zvarwo. A yakawanda Mitambo kufanorongwa munyori uyu Efros: muna 1957 - "Kufara", muna 1960 - "hondo Kusabatwa", muna 1962 - "asati adya chisvusvuro." Gare gare, apo kushanda Anatoly Vasilyevich yemitambo Lenin Koshanda muna 1964 akaratidzwa "zuva kubwinya," uye muna 1972, panguva yemitambo musi Malaya Bronnaya kuratidzwa "Alyosha mukoma" by Fedoru Dostoevskomu. The CDT mumwe mabasa ose Anatoly Vasilyevich rokutanga aiva mutambo muna 1955, "Rombo rakanaka!" (Pink). Zvakava pedyo zvikuru wepo O. Efremov. Chokwadi, kuita izvi zvakanga paku kusimukira pfungwa "Contemporary", zvikuru nevanhu vari 1950s, kuRussia yemitambo. It akazarura makore maviri gare gare mutambo "nokusingaperi Alive" Pink kufanorongwa Efuremu. Chokwadi, Efros anogona kunzi mumwe havaoni yacho yemitambo. Humwe uchapupu ichi - chokwadi kuti Anatoly akaisa "Contemporary" rokutanga zvesimba - "Hapana" (E. De Filippo) Lydia Tolmacheva naEfuremu.

Fani Efros

Chiitiko pamusoro Efros, uyo Akaperekedzwa mutungamiriri kwerinenge ake upenyu hwose (kunze yokupedzisira ye naye) ndechokuti mukurumbira wake haana makuru uye ruzha. Anatoly haana zvinotyisa kana "mufashoni" mutungamiriri. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe mazita rattled - O. Efremov (muna 1960), Yuri Lyubimov (mu 1970). Vaiva magamba (uye chakakodzera kudaro) theatre vateereri makore iwayo. Zvisinei, okusika nesimba Anatoly Efros pakati nyanzvi (vatungamiri, vatambi, playwrights, vatsoropodzi) raiva yakakwirira chaizvo. Chokwadika, ake zvesimba vaive akabudirira chete vateereri, nomufaro Akarinda uye aidiwa nevakawanda. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa zvakazara ose utsanzi uye kudzika "yakaderera mavhoriyumu" kutungamirira Anatoly Vasilyevich aigona chete nyanzvi vakanga zvakanaka mukati yemitambo. Zvinokosha kuti zvinenge zvose vatambi, uyo akashanda pamwe chete Efros, anoyeuka akashandisa pamwe ichi somunhu mufaro zvechokwadi. A yakakwirira chaizvo pamwero kuzivikanwa, zvichida soro - kwete chete kuva refu panguva upenyu yakakurumbira mukuru, asiwo yezvechitendero kuti vatinoshanda vari kazhinji kwazvo kuda paruzhinji nechido kufungidzira.

Natalia Krymov uye Anatoly Efros

Kubva kukoreji mukuru mukuru A. Efros uye yakanakisisa mutambo uye mitambo mutsoropodzi 1960-80-ies N. Krymov vakanga inotevera. mubatanidzwa wavo haana chete kuroorwa, raiva simba rokusika tandem, anosarudza zvaitika makore akawanda Russian yemitambo. Vaiva mwanakomana, Dmitry, uyo akazova mutungamiriri uye pachikuva wakachenjera.

Shanda muna Theatre. Lenin Koshanda

Anatoly Efros akakwanisa kuita mukurumbira CDT. Pashure paizvozvo ndakagadzwa yemitambo. Lenin Koshanda mukuru wekambani (muna 1963). yemitambo iyi iri kuenda kuburikidza dzakaoma ipapo. Dzokera rudo vateereri akanga Efros - kuvimba kuti Department of Culture. A renyeredzi yose matarenda vatambi ikaungana pasi pomureza yose Anatoly Vasilyevich. mazita avo pakarepo akava nomukurumbira yose Moscow yemitambo vakawanda kuremekedza nemhaka iyi unyanzvi mukuru, Anatoly Efros. NaOlga Yakovleva uye A. Zbruev, uye vamwe vanozivikanwa vemifananidzo (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov nevamwe.) Rune mukurumbira zvikuru. The shure yemitambo Fafitera. Zviitiko Real vanova zvesimba zvizhinji, pakati pavo: 1964 "Pazuva muchato" uye "104 mapeji nezverudo", 1965 "My Poor Vanya" uye "kuita firimu ...", 1966 - "The Gaviota" uye "Moliere" . Lyrical Mutambo Efros (kwete publicist!) Nokuti panguva mutambo (Radzinsky, pink, vise) vaiva kunyatsongwarira. Vakanga clotted tsika zvinetso intelligentsia nguva, kufunga chii nzvimbo iri rakapiwa munhu munzanga. Zvisinei, hapana zvishoma akakodzera ndiyo chaiwo mutsara Anatoly Vasilyevich, uye izvi pasinei nokuti zvechisimba "modernizing" hazvina mavari. Izvi zvakakonzera Kusagutsikana. Anatoly Efros akabviswa utungamiriri yemitambo iyi muna 1967.

Efros akava mukuru yemitambo musi Malaya Bronnaya

Akava inotevera mukuru zvino yemitambo musi Malaya Bronnaya. Zvisinei mwero nezvenzvimbo haana kudzivisa chokwadi kuti yemitambo pakarepo pashure pakasvika Anatoly Vasilyevich pakuzivikanwa se "Efros theatre." Kwete chete makore ose 17 kwayo wekambani iyi akatakura zita rake, asi makore akawanda gare gare. Makore 17 kunge Anatoly Efros vafare, kunyange zvakaoma. The zvakanaka divi pambiru rakatevera raiva kuti zvaiita kuti maximize Kusimbisa basa ravo.

Efros takapoteredzwa boka guru - kubva Lenkoma pashure naye vamwe vatambi. Vose vaya vakashanda Anatoly Vasilyevich, vaizviti vadzidzi vake, kunyange avo vasina kudzidza muna GITIS vadzore (akadzidzisa ipapo intermittently kubvira 1964). Malaya Bronnaya akashanda panguva V. Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. Volkov, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Round, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. Petrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, Va Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Makore pamwe Efros vazhinji kwavari zvechokwadi akatisiyira. Zvishoma nezvishoma, yemitambo, riri pamusoro Malaya Bronnaya, akava musimboti woupenyu guru zvokunamata - uye izvi pasinei nokuti paiva Taganka. Zvesimba Anatoliya Efrosa wakaridza dzinorema uye akasiyana counterpoint kune pemabasa ake. Theater Director A. Efros aiva emhizha, kwete enyika. Zvakajairika ake zviripo nokusingaperi.

Ukama Yuri Lyubimov

In 1970, ukama Efros uye Darling (yaifananidzira pamusoro) vaiva chepamusoro uye achiremekedza. Anatoly Efros muna 1973 kufanorongwa pasi rokuti "Just mashoko mashoma achidzivirira Monsieur of Moliere". Huru mumabasa taitamba Lyubimov. Izvi zvaizoitawo, akakokwa yemitambo musi Taganka Efros kuti Danho kutamba "The Cherry Orchard." New ruzivo akapa tagankovskim vatambi zvinobatanidzwa mariri.

Zvesimba ose chekare uye panguva Mitambo kufanorongwa panguva yemitambo musi Malaya Bronnaya

Mutsara pamusoro Malaya Bronnaya akava ngano wechokwadi - kunyanya chaiwo. "Romeo uye Juliet," "Three Sisters," "Othello," "kuroorana," "A Mwedzi Munyika", "Don Giovanni", "mukoma Alyosha" - mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva ano uye isingatarisirwi kuita neimwe nhengo dzayo pachena itsva zviri tarenda rake. Zvisinei Theater Anatoly Efros vake zvakakomba zvinoyevedza kukunda rinoshandawo zvesimba kupfeka ano mutambo "Tales of Old Arbat," "Happy Days murume vasingafari", "Theatre Director", "Zhizha Utsi", "The Man kubva", etc. . Anatoly aishanda zvizhinji iyi paterevhizheni, vachitsvaka nzira itsva kutaura. Akanyorawo chaizvo papepa kutara kufunga nezveremangwana uye choupfu yemitambo.

political mitambo

Pasinei chokwadi kuti A. Dunaev aishanda yemitambo musi Malaya Bronnaya wechikoro wokuimba, iye zvakasimba akatsigira, Efros zvesimba kazhinji unorambidzwa. Zvisinei, Anatoly akaedza kurarama, chaizvoizvo tichidzivisa, sokunge haazivi kuti mitambo enyika kuti vanonzi kukodzera yemitambo. Efros kwete wokuimba inomira. Modernity nepfuma yake kubudirira kuburikidza tsika matambudziko yakamutswa nokuda kunotsvaka intelligentsia, chifananidzo chaakanga Zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakazosvika pakati pezana 70 Director Anatoly Efros akatanga waongororwa sezvo kunyadziswa. Mumashoko ake dzinoitwa dingindira zvakanga nyore kuwana mumagariro uye zvematongerwo nemadimikira - vakarambidzwa Somuenzaniso, "munyengeri Kokobashkin". Zvisinei, pamwe Classics zvakanga zvisiri nyore - uye Anatoly Efros akatanga kupomera chokwadi kuti zvinokanganisa nayo. Basa iri Malaya Bronnaya Street Wakapedzisira pfupi vakadzikama Danho mutungamiriri basa.

Makore zvakaoma basa panguva Taganka Theater

Kogan, mukuru yemitambo, muna 1983, akataura hondo Efros. Muna 1984, Anatoly kuruboshwe. Zvisinei, hazvina achangobva - Efros akaenda kunoshanda panguva Taganka Theater mukuru mukuru, munzvimbo iyi nokutsiva Yuri Lyubimov. Kunyanya kunoshamisa chaiwo panguva iyi youpenyu hwake. Anatoly akanga nguva dzose sezvineiwo kudhonzwa kupinda enyika mitambo, pasinei hwaaida kudziviswa navo. Kokutanga zvesimba ake akatanga kuongororwa pamusoro evanhu pane unyanzvi zvinodiwa.

Zvakandiomera zvavaizoitwawo mutungamiriri Anatoly Efros. Biography ake panguva ino kuchiratidzwa kunzwisisa pamusoro chikamu navo. The mutsva wesangano yemitambo mudonzvo haana kugamuchira. Zvechokwadi zvange pano, uye nhamba Yuri Lyubimov, uyo akamuwana muuraye-nokuputsa nokusvika Efros. Lyubimov akaita ruzha akataura kuti bhururu wake akaita "kusavimbika." Tagankovskie shoma vatambi vakakwanisa pamwe Efros - Smekhov V., V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Vamwe vakazivisa munhu anotyisa boycott. Most kunaka nzira hondo zvaiitika. Kuburikidza kurwisa yose troupe vakaponeswa okupedzisira zvesimba pakati Anatoly Vasilyevich - ". Beautiful Svondo kuti kupikiniki" "The Cherry Orchard," "The Misanthrope," "The Lower makadzika", Vatori zhinji mukurwisana ichi pashure vakati vakanga kururama. Zvisinei, izvi zvakaitika zvikuru gare gare.

Kufa A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, January 13, 1987, akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. Nhasi, zita Anatoly Vasilyevich vakava rutivi nhoroondo chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uri munyika, pamwe mazita makuru akadai K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Ya. Tairov.