Animal Ecology: kunyatsogona, mifananidzo, matambudziko

Animal Ecology - kudzidza esayenzi ukama pakati pemhuka, zvinomera uye zvimwe zvinenge, uyewo zvakavapoteredza. The huru yemisoro ndiwo maitiro, vachidya tsika, mifananidzo vaitamira, Magariro uye interspecies ukama. Dzezvakatipoteredza kunzwisisa nei mamwe marudzi vanokwanisa kurarama tichishandisa murunyararo takarirana chete zvakatipoteredza.

Ecology zvinogonawo omerera mabasa maitiro evanhu. Mazvokuda uye masanga maitiro evanhu angava zvinobatsira kana inokuvadza zvainoita kwezvakatipoteredza. nyaya Major zvinosanganisira tsvina ngozi, kuparadzwa kwemarudzi, nyika kushandisa kuchinja uye kusvibiswa.

Kunyatsogona Animal Ecology: mararamiro ezvinhu zviripo

Zvinhu zvipenyu ndivo chikuru chezvinonhuwira zvinonyatsorehwa ekudzidza, izvo unotora wafunga mhuka, zvinomera uye tusingaoneki uye dzinogarisana yakati chaiko nzvimbo. Avanotarisira kuwira mumapoka matatu: mvura, nyika uye wetlands. Mienzaniso zvinhu zvipenyu zvinosanganisira murenje, dondo, Prairie, achinaya mvura, nekorari the reef uye inopisa masango inowanzorimwa, panewo dzomumaguta zvinhu zvipenyu, ayo zvikurukuru inogarwa nevanhu. kudzidza zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti ikoroji hwemhuka nyika yose.

Chii ikoroji?

Ecology - kudzidza ukama pakati zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu vavo Mhoteredzo. sainzi iyi rinotsvaga kunzwisisa ukama hunokosha pakati miti nemhuka uye nyika yakavapoteredza. Ecology zvinomera nemhuka rinewo ruzivo pamusoro zvakanakira zvinhu zvipenyu uye tingazviita sei kushandisa zviwanikwa zvenyika, kuti tirambe zvakatipoteredza utano zvizvarwa zvaizotevera.
Tikadzidza ukama pakati zvinenge vavo nzvimbo panguva dzakasiyana zviyero: kubva mukudzidza nemaziso mabhakitiriya muchikura akwariyamu, zvakaoma aiita pakati pezviuru zvinomera, mhuka nezvimwe munharaunda. Dzezvakatipoteredza vari kuferefeta marudzi akawanda ezvinhu: kubva tupukanana kurarama ivhu kuti zvinomera uye mhuka rainforest kana gungwa.

Basa ikoroji muupenyu hwedu

Vakawanda dzakagadzirirwa mumunda ikoroji, akadai zvomumvura, chirimwa uye Statistical ikoroji, inotipa ruzivo kunzwisisa nyika nani yakatipoteredza. ruzivo urwu kunogona kutibatsira kuvandudza zvakatipoteredza, dzichengete zvedu zviwanikwa uye kudzivirira utano hwevanhu. Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidza dzimwe nzira idzo ruzivo kwezvakatipoteredza vakambova kubatsirawo upenyu hwedu.

Ecology, kana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nesayenzi - ndiye bazi zvipenyu kuti vanodzidza ukama zvinomera nemhuka dzavo mumuviri uye chaivo ezvinhu. The Mhoteredzo zvinosanganisira chiedza nokupisa, zuva nemwaranzi, mwando, mhepo, okisijeni, carbon dioxide, zvinokurisa muvhu, mvura uye mhepo. The chaivo ezvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinenge zvakafanana kwemarudzi, uyewo miti uye dzimwe mhuka.

Rimwe Newest sayenzi ane refu nhoroondo

Animal Ecology ndeimwe Newest of Sciences, nzeve iyo kumbokweva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, kunyange kudzidza nevanhu vavo nzvimbo vaiita refu ichi pamberi. Somuenzaniso, imwe mboni Aristotle, muzivi wechiGiriki Theophrastus akarondedzera ukama pakati pemhuka pachavo uye avo vakavapoteredza muzana remakore rechina BC. e.

nzvimbo iyi vakatanga kuvaka racho muna 1850 naCharles Darwin rake "Origin of Species" uye mabasa ake panguva uye aikwikwidza Alfred Russel Wallace. The yokupedzisira yakanga ichizivikanwa pakudyidzana mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara uye muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano vave zvipenyu munharaunda kana biocenoses. Muna 1875, ivo yeAustria geologist Eduard Zyuss akafunga rokuti biosphere kufukidza ezvinhu akasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti nezvokuvapo upenyu Panyika.

Mirayiridzo inokosha ikoroji

The chikuru Pfungwa ikoroji ndechokuti mumwe muviri mupenyu ane kugara uye kugara nevanhu chero nhengo kuti unogadza nemakapoteredza. Mararamiro rinogona kurondedzerwa se ezvinhu apo pane kudyidzana pakati zvinenge uye zvakavapoteredza. Mukati pakunogumira siyana zvakabatana ngetani zvokudya uye zvokudya Matandira. The simba kubva zuva akabatwa chikuru vaburitsi (zvirimwa) kuburikidza photosynthesis, zvinofamba kumusoro hochekoche chikuru vanoshandisa (herbivores), zvichiteverwa yechipiri uye tertiary vatengi (carnivores, kana zvikara). Masero rinewo decomposers (notumwe uye utachiona), izvo anoora zvokudya uye kudzokera navo shure kupinda mararamiro.

zvinetso zvemhoteredzo

The Environmental dambudziko kunogona kuitika kana kwezvakatipoteredza Kuchinja zvokuti zvava vanoshorwa kupona. matambudziko Animal Ecology zvinogona chokuita nemamiriro okunze (tembiricha kuwedzera kana kudzikisa kwemvura), kukanganisa kwevanhu (parasikira mafuta), kuwedzera basa pazvikara, uwandu kana nekusiyana, kukurumidza kukura chavagari uye saka kutadza kuramba mararamiro avo. Mumakore emakore mashoma, mabasa evanhu kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Tichiregeredza masango, nzvimbo itsva zvokurima, kuvaka zvivako uye migwagwa kunoitawo kuti pakusvibiswa zvinhu zvipenyu.

ikoroji Forums

Zvinotevera mhando Animal Ecology:

• Vasiri (maitiro), kudzidza nomumwe pezvakaitwa kuchinjira kumamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Population kudzidza yevagari rinomutsa kwemarudzi kana mapoka kwemarudzi (semuenzaniso, mhuka, chirimwa kana zvipembenene ikoroji).
• Community ikoroji chinotarisa aiita pakati zvipenyu mukati zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza vomunharaunda.
• Mararamiro ikoroji, izvo inodzidza chekubuda simba uye basa kuburikidza mararamiro zvinoriumba.

With Panyaya zvakatipoteredza zvarwo, zviri kure sechinhu landscape, rinotaura pezvakaitwa uye ukama zvinhu zvipenyu zvakawanda kana guru kwazvo tsaukana dzoga (semuenzaniso, Arctic, polar, gungwa, uye zvichingodaro. D.), uye zvakatipoteredza wemunhu.

The kuchinja mhuka

Ecology (kubva muchiGiriki oikos - imba uye Logos - ruzivo) - kudzidza sei zvinhu zvipenyu anosangana nemumwe uye mazvinogara nesayenzi. Anorangarira zvakaoma uye siyana ukama akasiyana pfungwa maonero. Adzidza vasiri pezvakaitwa vari tembiricha kuzvidzora, kudya kunovaka uye muviri. Zvinhu kukanganisa mhuka zvingasanganisira chirwere, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye chepfu nemigumisiro.

Ecology - kudzidza kuparadzira, nezvakawanda uye ukama pakati zvipenyu uye kudyidzana kwavo zvakatipoteredza nesayenzi. We kudzidza zvose kubva basa utachiona duku inotonhorera marara kusvikira migumisiro anogara achinaya mvura Mupasi muchadenga. Animal Ecology hwakada chokuita physiology, mhindumupindu, genetics.

Gore negore, mazana kwenyika zvipenyu kunyangarika, zvakaoma kufungidzira predstvavit sei chinzvimbo zvingava dambudziko yevanhu. The fauna of kunoshamisa, uye mhuka chinokosha kwezvakatipoteredza, sezvo ivo waidzora nhamba zvinomera kuti zvinokonzera kupararira mukume, michero, mbeu, uri chinokosha romugove cheni, basa rinokosha mune paumbwe ivhu inotungamirwa nharaunda.

Conceptual kunzwisisa ikoroji

Kufanana vazhinji sainzi, Conceptual kunzwisisa ikoroji kunokanganisa hwakafara nezvokuzadziswa kudzidza, kusanganisira:

• Life kurongedza achitsanangura adaptations.
• Distribution uye zvizhinji zvinenge.
• Kufamba nyaya uye simba kuburikidza zvipenyu munharaunda.
• Kuramba kugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu.
• Kuzhinji nokuparadzirwa razvo mumaratidzirwo kwezvakatipoteredza.

Ecology rakasiyana yepanyama kare, inova kunyanya kunetseka nezvinhu rairatidza kudzidza zvipenyu. Izvi Sub-kuranga zvipenyu, unova kudzidza upenyu.

kudzivirira mhuka

Animal Ecology - imwe sainzi interdisciplinary, iyo yakaumbwa panguva panosangana zvemhuka, ikoroji uye jogirafi. Ari kudzidza upenyu siyana mhando fauna of, zvichienderana zvakatipoteredza. Sezvo mhuka chikamu mararamiro, vari zvikuru kuti zvirarame pasi redu. Havana kupararira pamakona ose enyika; yavanogara mumasango uye mumarenje, prairies uye mvura iri kweArctic, kubhururuka mumhepo, uvande pasi muvhu.

mubvunzo rinokosha mune ikoroji - kudzivirira mhuka. Zvakawanda kukonzera kuchinja marudzi kusiyana panguva dzakasiyana pachiyero. Somuenzaniso, vamwe zvikara kunogona kukuvadza munhu marudzi, kuvapo kwavo kunogona zvinobudirira kuderedza kana kuwedzera uwandu kwemarudzi aripo munharaunda. Conservation bhayoroji ndehwokuti kunzwisisa zvinhu anozoita kuti vabatwe kuti kutsakatika kwemarudzi, uye kuti vanhu vanogona kuita kuti kudzivirira disappearances.

kupindira kwevanhu

The zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kuti kukanganisa vanhu asi mhuka dzinosanganisira mhepo uye kusvibiswa mvura, ivhu tsvina, nemvura inonaya iine acid. kwemiti, abudise kuti wetlands, rwizi alterations kutungamirira chokuti mungozi yose mararamiro. Zvipenyu vane kuchinja nokukurumidza kuti kuchinja mamiriro, kuchinja nzvimbo, uye havasi vose vanogona kurarama zvinobudirira. Izvi - zvinoderedza kana kutsakatika vanhu vakakwana. Pets vari zvikuru novimba pehurumende uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Rokuparadza Kupindira munhu zvakasikwa anogona kuparadza marudzi akawanda uye zvipenyu mhuka pasina mukana wokugadzirisa navo.