Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - chii ichocho?

Sezvamunoziva, kombiyuta yekombiyuta inosanganisira zvinyorwa zvina zvinokosha: arithmetic logic unit, I / O modem, pamwe nekurangarira nekugadzirisa majekiti. Iyi chivakwa yakarondedzerwa muzana remakore rapfuura uye, pasinei nokuti nguva yakawanda yapfuura, chimiro chechigadziro chaVe von Neumann chinoramba chakakosha.

Chii icho ALU?

Imwe shanduro ye aritemu ndiyo imwe yezvikamu zvepurogiramu iyo inofanirwa kuita zvigadziriswe uye mashandisi ekuchinja shanduko, kutanga kubva pakutanga uye kuguma nemashoko akaoma. Ukuru hwemaitiro evanowanzoshandiswa kunowanzotorwa kureba kweshoko, kana kuti ukuru.

Basa guru re ALU nderokushandura data yakachengetwa mumakombiyuta RAM. Mukuwedzera, chirongwa che aritemu chinogadzirisa zviratidzo zvinotungamirira kombiyuta kuchisarudzo chekanzira yakarurama yekuita zvakakosha kugadzirisa nzira zvichienderana nemhando dzekupedzisira dzemhando. Zvose zvinosanganisira magetsi ehurumende, imwe neimwe iyo yakarongeka ikava zviuru zvezvinhu. Mabhodi akadaro kazhinji anowedzera-kukurumidza uye anozivikanwa nepamusoro-kati.

Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvinowanikwa, ALU inoita maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda nhamba mbiri. Chero chero chigadzirwa chemagetsi chekombiyuta inopa kugadziriswa kwezviito zvina zvakakosha, kushanduka, uye kuchinja kushandura. Iko sarudzo yemabasa e ALU inhu hunokosha.

Izvo zvikamu zvei aritumini logic unit mazana mapoka makuru e node anowirirana nehutano hwekutonga, kutumira, kuchengetedza nekushandurwa kwemashoko anouya.

ALU Storage Units

Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Zvinokonzera izvo zvinochengetedza mabhesi anobatsira uye zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvemigumisiro;
• Registers vane mutoro wekuvimbika kwevashandi, zvinguva pfupi uye zvekupedzisira.

Dzimwe nguva zvinyorwa zvegwaro rearitemu rinogadzirwa zvinogona kuunganidzirwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekuyeuchidza, uye zvinokonzera zvinogona kugadzira rejista imwe yenyika.

Kutengesa nodes ALU

Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Mabhazi anobatanidza mabhudzi echombo pakati pavo;
• Multiplexers nemagetsi zvinoshandiswa pakusarudza nzira yakarurama yekushanda.

Kuchinja nodes ALU

Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Summers anoita michini-maitiro;
• Logic execution schemes;
• Shifters;
• Correctors for decimal arithmetic;
• Code conversers vanoshandiswa kuwana invers or data in addition;
• Nhamba dzekuverenga nhamba yemakwikwi akapedzwa uye yekushandisa kushandiswa kwebetsero.

Kudzora nodes ALU

Ichi chikamu chezvinhu zvinosanganisira:

• The control unit;
• Signal decoder;
• Logic kutendesa zvirongwa zvakakosha kuita matavi ekutonga firmware.

Chiito cheprotoror control unit

Iri bhenekeri rinokonzera kukonzera kuenzanisa kwezviratidzo zvinoshanda zvinodiwa kuti zviitwe zvakakodzera murairo wakataurwa. Sezvo mutemo, kushanduka kwakadaro kunowanikwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Simba rekushandisa rinopa hurumende kupedza purogiramu yacho. Panguva imwecheteyo, matare akafananidzwa akadikanwa ezvimwe zvikamu zvemuchina anobatanidzwa.

Nheyo huru ye microprogramming, iyo ine nhamba yakajeka yezviito, ndiyo inotungamirira kushanda kwechigadziro chekushandisa.

Urongwa hweAlU

Arithmetic logic zvishandiso nenzira yekushandura zvinoshandiswa zvakaenzana uye zvakafanana. Kusiyana kukuru pakati peizvi ALU kune nzira iyo oper operators inomiririrwa nayo uye maitiro akaitwa.

Nenzira yekushandisa arithmetic logic zvishandiso zvakakamurwa kuva multifunctional uye kudzivirira. Mune ALU yekutanga, zvirongwa zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa kuita mabasa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekumiririra nhamba, iyo inowirirana nenzira yakakumbirwa yekushanda nedata. Muchivharo zvigadzirwa, zvose zvese zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza nekuparadzirwa nemhando dzemhando. Nekushanda nemadhipatimendi ekudarika, nhamba uye mavarafabheti mashizha, nhamba uye nesimbi yakadzika kana yakasimbiswa, zvirongwa zvakasiyana siyana zvinoshandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, chigadzirwa che aritemu chinoshandisa zvakakurumidza pamusana pekufananidzana kunoitwa mabasa akapiwa. Asiwo vane dambudziko - kuwedzera mari yekutsigira midziyo.

Imwe shanduro ye aritemu inogona kushandiswa ku:

• Decimal numbers;
• Mafashamo-nhamba nhamba;
• Numeri ine nheyo yakasimbiswa.

Device Operations

Nhengo ye ALU inoratidzira kuitwa kwezviito kuburikidza nemabasa anonzwisisika, ayo akaparadzaniswa mumapoka akadaro:

• Decimal arithmetic;
• Binary arithmetic for numbers with point marked;
• Hexadecimal arithmetic for expressions with floating delimiter;
• Kuchinjwa kwemareta emirairo;
• Manyorero emhando;
• Kuchinja kwe alphanumeric minda;
• Special arithmetic.

Mazuva ano emakombiyuta emakombiyuta anokwanisa kuita zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, uye michina ine michina haina basa rakadaro, saka iyo yakaoma zvikuru nzira dzinoitwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwezvikamu zviduku.

Aritmetic operation uye zvinonzwisisika nzira

Zvose zviito zve ALU zvinogona kunge zvakagadzirirwa zvikaita mapoka mashoma.

Maitiro echiArithmetic anosanganisira kupatsanurwa, kuwedzera, kubvisa kwema modules, kubviswa kwemazuva ose nekuwedzera.

Izvo zvinoreva "uye" uye "kana", kureva, chibatanidzwa uye disjunction, pamwe nekuenzanisa kwedhesi yekuenzana, inoratidzirwa sechinangwa chekushandura. Nzira dzakadaro, sekutonga, dzinoitwa pamusoro pemashoko anonyanya kusanganisira maverengi akawanda.

Maitiro echirongwa anokosha anosanganisira kuisa tsika, zvinonzwisisika uye arithmetic shifts. Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pekushandurwa. Kana aritemu inoshanduka pane imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa chete nemadijititi edijitori, ipapo pane chiratidzo chinonzwisisika chidimbu ichi chibatanidzwe pane chirevo.

Basa rega rega rinoitika kuburikidza nokushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chearitemu chinogadziriswa chinogona kunzi kuenzaniswa kwebasa remhando yakarurama, iyo inorondedzerwa nemagariro akawanda-siyana pamakombiyuta e-electronic. Semuenzaniso, makombiyuta emabhinari anoshandisa manyore echinyorwa uye nezvimwewo, kusvika kumadhora.

Zvechokwadi dzose masvomhu-manzwisisiro ekushandura ane mabasa avo ega, uye zvinoguma zvawanikwa zvinoshandiswa sezvibato zviduku zvine gumi nematanhatu. Izvo chete zvakasununguka ndezvokutanga zvekuparadzanisa kweDIVS. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhogi dzinokubvumira kuti ubate data pane zvakabuda sehuwandu nehuwandu kana kuti pamwe chete chiratidzo chokuputika. Iko kunzwisisika kwebato kutendeuka kunovakirwa pa modulo arithmetic. Mureza unoiswa kana kusagadziriswa kuchinja kunowanikwa nechiratidzo. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera nhamba mbiri dzakanaka, unofanira kuwana mugumisiro ne "+" chiratidzo. Asi kana kutakura kunowanikwa muchitinho chechiratidzo chinogadzirisa chikwata, uye chigumisiro chacho hachina kunaka, ipapo mureza wokuputika unogadzirirwa.

Kuendesa zvinyorwa zvitsvene kunobva pane arithmetic isina kubvumirwa. Iyi mureza inogadzirwa nehurongwa kana iyo yakagadzirwa inotakura kubva kumusoro yakanyanya isingagoni kunyorwa semugumisiro. Izvi zvinonzi ALU zvinoshanda chaizvo kana uchishandisa shanduko nemashoko akawanda emashoko.

Mhedziso

Shanduro yeArithmetic logic inoshandiswa kuita zvinonzwisisika uye arithmetic kushandurwa pamusoro pemabasa ekudikanwa, umo mabasa anoyera kana nhamba dze nhamba dzinowanzoonekwa. Mushure mokunge chiito chacho chapera, chigumisiro chacho chinodzorerwa kumurangariro kuti ishandiswe mumatare anotevera.