Batteries: zano oparesheni, asi uchishandisa pfungwa uye vanoronga

Zvionera manyuko magetsi ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo anobatsira zvigadzirwa zvavanhu. Chii foni kana redhiyo, kuti havana mabhatiri? The umhare mano mazhinji, uyewo avo ezvinhu mashandisiro havasi kupa wechigarire simba nemushonga, saka izvi simba anogona wakasununguka ushande anenge pose. Pashure pfupi okutanga Ngatitore pasi nyaya.

Chii chinonzi bhatiri?

Mupfungwa yakakura, ichi izwi chinorehwa zano kuti pasi dzimwe ezvinhu mashandisiro anogona kuchengeta chero simba mhando, uye vamwe - kupedzera kusangana zvinodiwa nevanhu.

Batteries kuunganidza magetsi kubva zvokunze simba bhuku, uye ipapo ndimupe kunofambidzana vatengi kuitira kuti vaite basa ravo. Saka kana namano vari zvachose nemakemikari pakati electrolyte uye electrode mahwendefa. Sezvineiwo, zvakagadzirwa ichi inowanika pana mabhanga, uye iro mabhatiri vari aumba. kuvaka date mudziyo inopa nokuda voltage, kazhinji 1.2-2 V, riri zvishoma. Saka, kuwedzera chokupika magetsi, uye kushandisa marudzi akasiyana papi.

How kushanda zvinoyerera mabhatiri?

Data simba zvitengeswa mudziyo rinopa riine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Vanoshandira sezvinotevera: kana mutoro zvakabatana kuti electrodes (somuenzaniso tinogona kufunga chiedza girobhu racho), pane namahwindo magetsi redunhu. Sezvo rwunotanga kuyerera buditsa ano. Zvinonzi inoumbwa kufamba maerekitironi, anions uye cations. Uwane ruzivo pamusoro sei uye chii chinoitika, unogona kuudza chete nenzira muenzaniso.

Ngationei kufunga kuti tine bhatiri apo yakanaka electrode - ndiko nickel oxide, iro rave rakawedzerwa graphite kuvandudza conductivity. cadmium chipanji rakashandiswa nokuda akaipa ndiro. Saka, kana paine zvinoerera, zvacho yezviri okisijeni asunungurwa uye kuwira electrolyte. Saka vanoparadzaniswa mitezo zvaakafanana magetsi (yakadai maerekitironi). The tudonhwe vanoshingaira okisijeni tinotungamirirwa kurutivi kunaka mahwendefa, apo vari oxidized cadmium.

bhatiri kushanda pane mhosva

Unofanira patsanura mutoro panguva zviteshi kwamahwendefa. Ivowo zvokudya, kazhinji munhu DC voltage (asi zvinogona pulsed, zvichienderana nyaya) kuti mukuru kupfuura kukosha bhatiri riri kupomerwa. Zvakare, polarity anofanira kuva zvakafanana. Ndizvo kubvisa uye ndinoiitawo chinouraya pakati mutengi uye kunobva unofanira kuenzana. Cherechedza kuti mundiro vanofanira hazvo nhaka zvakawanda simba kupfuura pane iri bhatiri, kuti vamise vakasara simba mairi nokusika magetsi ane mirayiridzo pakatarisana kuti tiite. Somugumisiro, kuchinja uye makemikari pezvakaitwa kuti atore nzvimbo iri bhatiri.

Ngatimboonai muenzaniso kubva yapfuura ndima yacho. Pano zvakanaka electrode achabudirira pamwe oxygen, uye zvakaipa achapora yakaisvonaka cadmium. Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura kuti panguva muripo uye tiite chete kuchinja makemikari anoumba electrodes. Izvi hairevi kuti electrolyte. Asi unogona sasana, izvo achava inokanganisa bhatiri upenyu.

Saka, takurukura nheyo kushanda chero bhatiri. Zvino ngatidzidze sei panguva kushanda kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro avo.

yakafanana kubatana

The ano mutengo kunotsamira zhinji zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga pasi kuti kunzwisisa magadzirirwo, zvakashandiswa vavo miganhu. The guru nzvimbo electrodes vari, ndipo pari nenhamba ivo angakudzivisai. Pfungwa iyi yaishandiswa zvinofambirana kubatana mumwechete mhando masero ari mabhatiri. Izvi zvinoitwa, kana uchida kuwedzera kukosha magetsi kuti anoenda mutoro. Asi panguva imwe chete zvakakodzera kusimudza simba uye simba mabviro.

dzino kubatanidza

Kana tikafunga pemahombekombe iyo mabhatiri, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti vari, sezvo mutemo, muna chete redzimba. Kumwe mhando maererano kushandiswa kuwana waivako kukuru zvishoma makakatanwa kurasikirwa.

Ona kushandisa zvakagadzirwa ichi anogona, disassembled motokari mabhatiri vari kutungamirira-acid. Zvinonzi izvi mhando kushandiswa kwete umhare motokari bhatiri, zviri vakangoerekana ungangotarisa nzira kuti kunze, sei izvi mhando maererano. Muchiitiko chino, iwe uchava nechokwadi chokuti hapana simbi kuonana, uye paiva yakavimbika galvanic kubatana kuburikidza electrolyte. Asi izvi zvinofanira kunzwisiswa pachinhu ichi mhando chete. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, yakasiyana yakatarwa basa chichaitwa papi.

Marudzi mabhatiri

Ivo anosiyana nokuda kwavo, mikana uye Implementation mashoko. Panguva iyoyo, kugadzirwa ano nyanzvi kugadzirwa dhazeni mhando kupfuura vatatu, izvo vakasiyana Kuronga electrodes uye electrolyte kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, he-Ion mabhatiri anozvikudza pamusoro mhuri 12 vanozivikanwa yokutevedzera. Conditionally anogona kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera:

1. Lead-acid.
2. Lithium.
3. Nickel-cadmium mabhatiri.

Ndiwo zvikuru nevanhu vamiririri. Asi kuti tinzwisise mikana tinopa tinyatsoziva ndandanda nezvinhu inogona electrodes:

• simbi;
• kutungamirira;
• titanium;
• lithium;
• cadmium;
• cobalt;
• nickel;
• zingi;
• vanadium;
• sirivha;
• aruminiyamu;
• nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo, zvisinei, zviri mashoma chaizvo.

Kushandisa mabhuku akasiyana rinokanganisa goho unhu vakawana ndokuzotaura pamusoro dzose. Saka, Somuenzaniso, he-Ion mabhatiri zvinoshandiswa kombiyuta uye Mobile namano. Nepo nickel-cadmium anoshandiswa se munhu wokutsiva kwakajairika electrochemical masero. Tichingotarisa, marudzi ose mabhatiri vanogona kushanda pamwe chero mutoro. The mubvunzo chete ndechokuti, sei kururamiswa chinhu kushandiswa yakadaro.

Key Features

Tatoona kuti mabhatiri zvakadaro, umhare nemamiriro iyo vari vakaita. Zvino ngatimboonai chii kunokanganisa mashandiro avo. Zvinokosha, nokuti isu unhu tiri:

1. Density rinonzi mamirire kwazvo simba reshiyo kuti vhoriyamu kana kurema bhatiri.
2. Rinoreva kufadza anokwanisa kukosha bhatiri kuti anogona kupa panguva zvinoyerera muitiro kusvikira munhu rakadzika voltage. Nhamba iyi runoratidzwa ampere-kwemaawa kana coulombs. Inogonawo anoratidza simba chinzvimbo. It unotaurwa watt-kwemaawa kana Joules. The dambudziko mudziyo yakadaro - kushuma chitsama simba kuti anopiwa panguva zvinoyerera kusvikira risingamboshandisi chinogamuchirwa voltage.
3. Temperature muoti kunokanganisa zvemagetsi ehupfumi ari bhatiri. Kana pane chakakomba zvokutsauka kubva rakarumbidza uchishandisa siyana mugadziri, pane mukuru mukana ane simba zvitengeswa kutadza. Izvi nokuti kutonhora nokupisa sei mwero nemakemikari, uyewo pezviri kumanikidzwa.
4. Rinoreva pakuzvinyengera buditsa vanokwanisa kurasikirwa kuti kuitika mushure bhatiri kana pasina mutoro pamusoro zviteshi. Munzira dzakawanda, nhamba iyi zvinoenderana shanduro uye anogona ngazviwedzerwe kana murombo kuputira.

Ndivo zvechadenga mabhatiri uye zvinopa mukuru mubereko kwatiri. Chokwadi, kana uine chimwe chinhu chitsva uye kwakazara, kare zvisingaoneki, uye ungafanira chinhu zvakawanda. Asi ichi ndicho zvikuru sezvisingaiti.

The mudziyo electrodes

Somuenzaniso, isu vanotungamirira mahwendefa. Kunyange zvazvo vaya zvadzaimboita. Modern ndiro akaita mutobvu-karusiyamu chiwanikwa. Izvi inowana kamari azvipire nokuzvidzora buditsa kuti bhatiri (50% vanokwanisa akarasika kwemwedzi 18). Kunoitawo kushandisa mvura zvishoma (1 giremu paminiti ampere-awa).

Unogona kusangana uye chemasanganiswa kuvakwa apo, kunze mutobvu, inowedzerwa zvakanaka electrode pamusoro namavara akanaka, uye kunaka - karusiyamu. Zvisinei, mune zviitiko zvakadaro, pane zvakawanda mvura rinodyiwa. Kuwedzera kuramba ngura pezvakaitwa, wedzera gaba kana sirivha.

Electrodes yaakaita yekamuri mamiriro yezviri nziyo Coated rukoko. Nheyo nokushanda bhatiri zvikurukuru kunotsamira chii zvinhu rinoshandiswa nokuti mahwendefa. We funga kutungamirira, izvo nyore kudzidza, asi pfungwa kwavari nguva dzose kwete yemutemberi.

electrolyte

Isu funga zvose zvakafanana kutungamirira-asidhi mabhatiri. Sezvo electrolyte yavanofanira vanoiswa, kazhinji anoita sulfuric acid. It ane dzakananga arambe achirema zvinogona siyana zvichienderana bhatiri chechetere. Panyaya iyi, nheyo; mukuru, dzakanga. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru electrolyte runopwa, uye matochi vanokwanisa kunoderedza. Lifespan zvazvinoita zvikuru kushanda (pawakaperera nekuchengetedzwa mitemo). The bhatiri electrolyte rinogona mhando mbiri:

• mvura;
• ari muchimiro akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya anokosha nezvinhu.

Panguva iyoyo, kupfuura hwakapararira mhando kutanga.

Operation mabhatiri

Kushandisa rechargeable mabhatiri zvinogona kuonekwa panenge kwose kwose. Funga ako nharembozha kana uninterruptible simba zvokushandisa makombiyuta. zvake furashiraiti anogona kupiwa muenzaniso In (mazano ano vari kuwedzera kugadzirwa pamwe pakuvara rechargeable bhatiri uye hazvina kuitirwa kuti masero galvanic). Uye motokari? Mugadziriro "kurega-kutanga" uye rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe braking kuburikidza kunoshandisa mabhatiri, uye vanoisa dzakakwirira yaanoti iri kutanga kuitika, zvakadzika zvinoyerera uye mukurumari. Sezvaunogona kuona, pasina simba rinopiwa izvi zvinonetsa kuita muupenyu mazuva ano munhu.

Zano kuvaka bhatiri

Taiongorora inokosha ruzivo namano izvi. Rega kunyange kuteerera kwakadaro pfungwa sezvo bhatiri redunhu. Zvechokwadi, mune gadziriro nyaya paari kare, chete kupfuura. Battery vanoronga razvino, maererano nenhoroondo, yakatanga yakatangwa yefizikisi French Gaston Plante. Nzvimbo dzaakasika pane 10 mativi mamita! Modern mabhatiri, chokwadi, muri chete akaderedza zvikuru uye zvishoma dzapedza makopi bhatiri ake. Zvinoonekwa kuti vanhu vanzwe ndiyo chete nyaya. Inopa commonality uye STRUCTURAL kuvimbika.