Catherine A .: Biography uye pikicha

Catherine A. - Empress, akava mumwe iconic kwokufananidzira nhoroondo Russia XVIII remakore. Zvakatanga vanonzi zera vakadzi pachigaro Russian choushe. Yakanga isiri murume akasimba enyika kuda kana voruzhinji Mindset, asi nokuda pachake maitiro akaita avasakadza munhoroondo Nyika Yababa. Zviri pamusoro Catherine I - vatenzikadzi wokutanga, ipapo mukadzi Peter I, uye gare gare mutongi Russian mamiriro zvizere.

chakavanzika wokutanga. udiki

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro makore ichi munhu mangwanani, ipapo tisingazivi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvakavanzika uye nechokwadi aro Biography dzinopfuura mashoko zvechokwadi. Nanhasi handizivi nzvimbo yaro chaiyo yakatangwa uye nyika - pashure pemakore anopfuura 300 pashure akamubereka, kare havagoni kupa mhinduro chaiyo.

Maererano neimwe shanduro, Ekaterina A. akaberekwa April 5, 1684 mumhuri Lithuanian (uye zvichida wokuLatvia) murimi mudiki pedyo Ķegums, yaiva munzvimbo rinokosha Widzew. Ipapo mundima idzi dzaiva chikamu kupfuura simba pamusoro Swedish wehurumende.

Imwe shanduro inoti nemidzi yake wokuEstonia. It inotiudza kuti inonzi iye akaberekwa ari ano muguta Tartu anonzi pakupera yacho XVII remakore Dorpat. Asi akatiwo kuti iye haana mukuru kubereka, uye akauya kubva pakati miduku yokuruwa.

Mumakore achangopfuura, pane imwe shanduro. baba Catherine raiva Samuel Skavronsky, akashanda Kazimierz Yanu Sapegi. Kamwe akatizira Livonia, akagadzirisa muruwa neguta reMarienburg, apo akatanga mhuri.

Pane mumwe nuance. Catherine A. - Russian muchindakadzi - asina zita yakadaro pasi iro vakaburuka munhau. zita rake chairo - Skavronskaya, wainzi Marita, uri mwanasikana Samuel. Asi maturo mukadzi pamwe chete zita yepasisa choushe, saka iye une idzva "pasipoti Data" uye vakava Mihaylova Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Chakavanzika wechipiri. mukomana

MuEurope, mumakore iwayo okutanga zvakanga zvichiri denda ine ngozi. Uye mhuri yake ngozi iyi vasingagoni kudziviswa. Somugumisiro, mugore kuberekwa Martha kubva "Black Death" akauraya vabereki vake. Paiva babamukuru vangu chete, uyo akanga asingakwanisi kufunga mitoro mubereki, saka ini akapa musikana kuti mhuri Ernst Gluck, uyo aiva mufundisi yeLutheran. Nenzira, ndiye inozivikanwa shanduro yeBhaibheri mumutauro wokuLatvia. Muna 1700 vakatanga Northern War, chikuru pemauto vaiva muSweden uye Russia. Muna 1702, mauto eRussia yaaigara ari haripindiki nhare neguta reMarienburg. Pashure paizvozvo Ernst Gluck Marta vakatumirwa kuMoscow ari musungwa. Kwapera nguva, pasi mufundisi chionekeso Fagetsiya vakagara muimba yake, ari German Quarter. Pacharo March - Catherine A. ramangwana - kwete kudzidziswa kuverenga nokunyora, uye akanga ari mumba sezvo musikana.

Shanduro iri Brockhaus uye Efron anopa mamwe mashoko, iro amai havana kufa nedenda, asi akarasikirwa murume wake. Chirikadzi, akanga amanikidzwa kupa mwanasikana wake ari mhuri imwe Gluck. Uye shanduro iyi inoti kuti adzidze kuverenga nokunyora, uye ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana.

A wechitatu shanduro, mumhuri Gluck wacho akauya pamusoro kusvika makore 12. Martha vasati akagara Veselovskaya Anna Maria, tete vake. At 17 akaroorwa ari Swede Ioganna Kruze pamberi kurwisa eRussia pamusoro neguta reMarienburg Castle. After 1 kana 2 mazuva aifanira kuzoshanda hondo, apo akanga asipo.

zvakavanzika izvi yokuberekwa uye mangwanani makore wakafukidza unhu hwake Catherine A .. Biography hazvishandi kusvika 100% pachena kubva panguva iyi, zvakadaro achaonekwa siyana mavara machena.

Field Marshal Sheremetev muna Catherine muupenyu

Mauto Russian pakutanga Guru Northern Hondo Livonia akatungamirira Sheremetev. Akakwanisa akakunda chikuru nhare neguta reMarienburg, pashure iyo huru ehondo yeSweden vakazoenda. Hunokunda of pachena kumucheto utsinye zvakapambwa. Iye akaudza wokuRussia chevaux zvinotevera nzira: "... vakatumira zvose kumativi kupisa uye kubatwa, rose hapana chakasara varume nevakadzi atora musungwa, zvose yaparadzwa uye vakapiswa Kuendeswa kushanda mabhiza uye nedzimwe mhuka uwandu 20 000, vamwe wakatemerwa uye nezvironda zvetsono .. ".

Munhare, Field Marshal akakunda vanhu 400. Fomu njodzi vagari akauya Sheremetev mufundisi naErnst Gluck, uye pano yaiva (Sheremetev) kuonekwa Catherine A., akanga ipapo zita Marta Kruze. Vakwegura Marshal akatuma vagari vose uye Gluck muMoscow, March chete simba akatora tenzikadzi. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare akanga murongo wake, uye ipapo pakupisa vakapopotedzana Menshikov akatora Marita hwake kubva hwake chokuita itsva muchiuto uye enyika mutungamiriri, munhu pedyo yakabatana Peter.

Version naPetro Genri Bryusa

Mune zvimwe zvakanaka zvinopiswa Catherine pachake arondedzera mu netsamba dzake zviitiko Scot Bruce. Maererano naye, mushure kubatwa zviri neguta reMarienburg Martha akatora Baur - Colonel Dragoons, uye vose zvavo ramangwana.

Achiisa kumba, Baur akarayira naye kuita basa romumba. Aiva nekodzero vashandi inoraswa. Chii chaakaita zvikuru Zvimwe, somugumisiro vakarumbidzwa rudo uye ruremekedzo yake pasi. Gare gare General akayeuka kuti imba yake pamberi zvakanga kumbobvira saka akashambidzika uye ndigadzirise, sapamazuva March. Kamwe Prince Menshikov, Baur pfupi mukuru, akanga ari kushanya kwake, panguva iyo musi- akanga Catherine A .. Photos mumakore iwayo haripo asi kuti vabate mariri, asi Menshikov akamuratidza kujairika chiso zvinhu uye unhu. Akava kufarira March uye akabvunza nezvazvo panguva Baur. Zvikurukuru kana iye anoziva kuti kubika uye kuchengeta imba. Iye akapiwa mhinduro yakajeka. Ipapo Prince Menshikov akati kuti musha wake chaizvoizvo zvakanaka pasina cherechedzo uye kubatsirwa mune mukadzi akaita heroine yedu.

Baur akanga akasungwa zvakasimba muchinda, uye pashure pemashoko aya, anonzi Martha, uye akati kwaari Menshikov - wayo mutsva. Akavimbisa Prince kuti iye achava mutsigiri zvakanaka naye mumba uye mumwe, unogona kuvimba. Uyewo, anoremekedzwa Martha Baur, kudzivirira "kukwanisa kuwana mugove rukudzo uye mhanza yakanaka." Ayo Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Catherine I Alekseevna akaenda kundogara mumba Prince Menshikov. Yakanga 1703.

Musangano wokutanga Catherine Peter

Mune mumwe kakawanda kuna Menshikov chevaux Peter I vakasangana, uye ipapo akatendeukira kuna tenzikadzi wake, Marita. It akasiya uchapupu musangano wavo wokutanga wakanyorwa.

Menshikov aigara St. Petersburg (Saka - Nienschanz). Peter akaenda Livonia, asi aida kugara neshamwari yake Menshikov. Usiku ihwohwo akatanga akaona Mudikamwa ake. Akava Catherine A. - mukadzi (mune ramangwana) Petra Velikogo. Usiku ihwohwo akamirira patafura. Mambo akabvunza Menshikov, uyo ari, sei uye kwaaigona kutenga nayo. Ipapo Petro akatarisa refu uye nesimba Catherine mune pakupedzisira jokingly akati kuti vaakarera kwaari kenduru vasati varara. Zvisinei, ichi aitamba sezvakarayirwa, vakakoniwa kuramba. Usiku ihwohwo vakapedza pamwechete. Peter akasiya mangwanani, kutenda, akabva kwaari 1 Ducat, zvehondo vachiisa ruoko kwaMarita yake okuonekana.

Rakanga musangano wokutanga namambo, mumwe musikana muranda uyo kwaifanira kuva Empress. Musangano uyu kwaikosha zvikuru, nokuti dai asina zvaitika, Petro aisazombofa kuziva nezvokuvapo musikana akadaro kujairika.

Muna 1710, panguva kukunda mune Hondo Poltava kwokukunda chakarongwa muMoscow. By nharaunda, vakabata hondo Swedish nhapwa. Sources vanoti kuti pakati pavo paiva murume Catherine Iogann Kruze. Akati kuti musikana uyo anobereka mwana mumwe pashure mumwe mambo, ndiye mudzimai wake. Mugumisiro mashoko aya akava muutapwa ake kuSiberia, apo akafa muna 1721.

Tenzikadzi Petra Velikogo

Gore rakatevera, pashure musangano wokutanga namambo Catherine I Alekseevna mwana wake wokutanga, wainzi Peter, papera gore aiva mwana wechipiri - Paul. vakakurumidza vakafa. Mambo akadana kwaari Marta Vasilevskaya, zvimwe naye tete mhuri. Muna 1705 akasarudza mutorei iye akaisa muimba hanzvadzi yake Natalie mu chitarisiko. March ikoko vakadzidza kuverenga nokunyora Russian, uye shamwari nemhuri Menshikov.

Muna 1707 kana 1708 March Skavronskaya vatendeukira Orthodoxy. Mushure rubhabhatidzo, akatambira zita idzva - Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova. Middle zita iye akagamuchira nezita GODFATHER rake, uyo akaratidza Tsarevich Aleksey, kuti unonzi wakapiwa Peter, nokuti kuramba incognito.

Mudzimai Petra Velikogo

Catherine aiva mukadzi Peter vadiwa, ndiwo rudo hwake. Hongu, akanga akawandisa enganonyorwa uye wezvakashata, asi aida chete munhu mumwe - wake Marita. Aiiona. Peter I, sezvo muchiziva kubva netsamba vakararama panguva, akatambudzika kwazvo nomusoro. Hapana mumwe munhu aigona kuita navo. Catherine A. aiva ake "marwadzo". Apo mambo akatanga mumwe kurwisa, iye akagara pedyo naye, vakambundira iye uye stroked musoro wake kwemaminitsi mashoma, akarara zvakanaka. Pamusoro chisinga-, akanzwa itsva, aifara, vagadzirira nezvinetso zvitsva.

Muchirimo 1711, kutangira muna Prut Campaign, Peter akaunganidza pedyo muna Chitarisiko, akauya pamberi pavo ake musanangurwa akati kuti kubva zvino zvinofanira zvose kunzi mukadzi pamutemo uye mambokadzi. Uyewo, akati, kana akafa asati aroora, saka tinofanira vose vaiona chepamutemo mugari wenhaka kune Russian choushe.

The muchato akatora nzvimbo chete muna 1712, February 19, muchechi Isaakiya Dalmatskogo. Kubvira Catherine A. - mukadzi Peter. Vaviri akanga dzakabatanidzwa zvakasimba mumwe, kunyanya Peter. Aida kuona nayo kwese: anoburukira muchikepe, wongororo zvechiuto, pamazororo.

Vana Peter uye Catherine

Katerinushka sezvo mambo akadana kwaari, vakabereka vana 10 Zvisinei, Petro, vakawanda vavo akafa mucheche (ona. Table).

vaviri vanasikana vake chete kwakabatana mberi nhoroondo enyika yacho Romanov dzinza. mwanasikana Catherine kuti Elizabeth Alekseevna akatonga nyika kwemakore anopfuura 20, uye vazukuru Anna akatonga Russia kubvira 1762 kusvika kuwa poumambo muna 1917.

Pamukwidzwa choumambo

Sezvaunoziva, Petro akarangarira sezvo mambo-muvandudzi. With maererano kuti kutsivana muitiro, haana kudzivisa mubvunzo. Muna 1722 munzvimbo iyi akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze zvinhu pairi mugari wenhaka pachigaro haana kuva zvokutanga mukono mutsetse muzukuru, uye uyo akagadzwa kuita gavhuna. Somugumisiro, gavhuna chingava chinhu nyaya.

November 15, 1723 Peter akasarudza Manifesto pamusoro yokupedzisira Catherine. The chaizvo kugadza kwakaitika May 7, 1724.

Okupedzisira vhiki hwake, Peter akarwara zvakasimba. Zvino Catherine akaziva kuti haangaurayi pakurwara urwere, akadana Prince Menshikov uye Count NdiTolstoy chokuti vave kushanda kukwezva iwayo simba kurutivi rwayo, Petro akanga asina kusiya kuda.

January 28, 1725 achitsigirwa cheVarindi uye ruzhinji avakuru Catherine akaziviswa Empress, mugari wenhaka Petra Velikogo.

Velikaya Ekaterina Alekseevna kune Russian chigaro

Russian Imperial simba yaitonga Catherine haana autocratic. Zvinenge simba raiva mumaoko kuchimbudzi Council, asi vakati kuti zvawo ane weSeneti, yaiva pasi Catherine Mukuru kunzi Seneti. Unlimited simba rakanga hunopiwa pamwe Prince Menshikov, uyo akatora Martha Skavronskaya ari Count Sheremetev.

Catherine A. - Empress pasina paruzhinji zvenyika. Akanga asingafariri mamiriro, akaisa zvose kufunganya vari Menshikov, NdiTolstoy, uye vakasikwa 1726 kuchimbudzi Council. The mubereko akanga chete kune dzimwe mutemo, uye kunyanya kuti zvikepe, rakanga chakasvitswa kumurume wake. Seneti mumakore hachisisina mutsindo simba. Zvinyorwa zvose yakataurwa kuchimbudzi Council, uye Empress aiva nyore kushanda vakasaina dzavo.

Long makore rokutonga Peter I makadzika kugara hondo, mutoro iyo chose pamusoro pamafudzi vanhuwo zvavo. Hazvina kubva ichi vakaneta. Panguva iyoyo yakanga yokukohwa akaipa mune zvokurima, mutengo chingwa kumukazve. The nyika wakasika munhu tya mamiriro ezvinhu. Kuti zvimwe kuderedza nayo, Catherine akatura yokuvhota kubva 74 kusvika 70 cent. Akaberekwa March Skavronskaya, zvinosuruvarisa haana kusiyana vavo kuchinja maitiro, wakapiwa namesake kwayo - 2 Catherine A., uye ayo paruzhinji basa aihuitira kuduku zviitiko. Nepo nyika akavigwa embezzlement uye nehanya pasi.

dzidzo Poor uye asiri kuita paruzhinji munyaya chisava kunyimwa varo vanhu rudo - iye akavigwa mariri. Catherine nokuzvidira akabatsira mufaro uye chete vanhu tichikumbira kubatsirwa, vamwe vaida kuona kwake godmother. Kazhinji, iye haana akaramba uye rinotevera godson akapa ducats shoma.

1 Ekaterina Alekseevna aiva nesimba kwemakore maviri chete - kubva muna1725 kusvikira 1727 ndipo. Panguva ino, zvakanga akavhura Academy of Sciences, akarongeka uye hunoberekwa Bering kuti rwendo, uyewo Order of St. Aleksandra Nevskogo akatanga.

Kufa

Pashure Peter afa, upenyu Catherine vakatanga kuruka: amene unozvishandura, balls, mitambo, vasanyanya zvikuru utano hwake. Muna April 1727, rechi10, mukuru Empress akarwara, chikosoro yakawedzera, akaratidza zviratidzo kukuvara yemapapu. Catherine I rufu yaiva nyaya nguva. Rarama zvakanga isingasviki mwedzi.

May 6, 1727, ari manheru, nenguva 9 o'clock, Catherine akafa. Aiva nemakore 43 okuberekwa. Asati afa zvakanyorwa testamende kuti Empress asingagoni kusaina, saka paiva siginicha mwanasikana wake Elizabeth. Maererano kuda choushe akanga kutora Peter A., muzukuru Emperor Peter I.

Catherine A. uye Peter ndaiva yakanaka peya. Vakatsigira hwavamwe. Catherine akaita magic, zvinokurudzira kwaari, Peter, akavapindurawo, constrains ayo zvemukati simba. Pashure porufu rwake, Catherine nguva yasara apedza mhemberero uye kunwa kudhakwa. zvapupu akawanda aizviti kuti iye chete achida kukanganwa, vamwe vanotaura wake Kutaurisa hunhu. Chero zvazvingava, vanhu akamuda, varume vaiziva sei kuti varonge pachavo uye mambokadzi akaramba pasina simba chairo mumaoko avo. 1 Ekaterina Alekseevna kutanga paraiitwa rekutonga nevakadzi Russian Empire, zvakasara panguva achidzora kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore, pamwe zvikamu pfupi anoverengeka makore.