Centralization uye decentralization

Centralization uye decentralization muri nehurongwa maviri mamiriro mudziyo. Mukati wokutanga pfungwa inopa kuti yehurumende zvinobatanidzwa zvinonyatsorehwa mitemo upenyu paruzhinji. Panguva iyoyo rinotsvaka kutungamirira basa miganhu zviremera, subordinating ake pakarepo simba, zvakawanda kana zvose zvine chokuita miganhu upenyu. Decentralization kunosanganisira mutaro kuti mabasa omunharaunda uye ehurumende zviremera. Pfungwa iyi ine zvimwe ukama chete rokuti "kuzvitonga" Zvisinei, haisi kufanana nayo. Decentralization - rinobatanidza pfungwa, sezvo kuti anopa zvizere kuzvionera kuti nharaunda, yeUnited hurongwa. In Municipality iyi kunoratidza fanira kutarisirwa chete Paramende. Panguva iyoyowo kwakadaro chiri chete vanobvumirwa muchikamu rimwe mamiriro, mumwe kana kupfuura nenharaunda dzaro.

Pakutanga, centralization uye decentralization dzakasiyana kukura uye kuparadzira mundima. With kukwana nzira yokukurukurirana sequential kuwedzera hurumende simba, kunoteverwa kuparadzirwa nawo pamusoro zvose zvoupenyu National zvakanga zvisingabviri. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga vakatsvaka mumwe chikamu vemo, rinomiririra mutongo madenderedzwa. In paumbwe rakabatana pamutemo hurongwa simba akaona nzira enyika uye zvoupfumi pakati vanoparadza zvavo.

Centralization uye decentralization zvave nakure despotic chekare chinoti. Saka, simba uchava muNaziri pamativi machinda (magavhuna), vakakumbira mauto uye mari kwavari. Muchiitiko chino, kushandisa kudzora simba ravo kugona kushanda. Vatongi zvakafanana mundima dzawo vaiva kuzvionera kutopedza.

Centralization uye decentralization mune hweRoma vakanga kusvika pakati nepakati. Pasinei autocratic maitiro uye kuti ematunhu dzisingadi chete kuramba vasina kuroora simba, hurumende akaziva hurumende mumaguta uye enyika.

Mushure kuwa hweRoma muna yose Europe (dzakakudzingai Byzantium) hurumende hurongwa haana kuriritira centralization. Zvakanga zvakafanana akawanda anoti iyoyo. Apo feudal mudziyo akanga asiri zvinhu yokuva musimboti hurongwa. Panguva iyoyo rinotsvaka kukudziridza youmambo simba. Somuenzaniso, yabudirira kubudirira mukuru muFrance. Zvadaro, misimboti umambo French, akaumba hwaro umhare reRepublic. Asi kana National hurumende hurongwa rinoshandiswa France uye nheyo changamire. Zvisinei, basa simba kutongwa vasina kuroora simba. In Municipality ichi kunokudziridzwa zvikuru simba.

Kuwirirana Implementation kuti centralization zvaiita chete muzana remakore rechi19. Munguva iyi, mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka dzakaumbwa, zvikurukuru, vave yakabuda uye zvave zvakanaka dzakabudirira nzira yokukurukurirana, zvakanaka kutoitwa neteregirafu, tsamba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe vehurumende maererano ehupfumi dzavo, anogona kazhinji chete kuvapo pasi nechepakati kuzvidzora. zvivako izvi zvinosanganisira hondo, dzakawanda zvokutengeserana, nezvikepe uye nevamwe. Nzira yokukurukurirana (neteregirafu, mumhanyi), migwagwa (njanji) Uyewo hazvigoni inopiwa pasina kurasikirwa unhu zviremera vane kugona kunosvika kune imwe nzvimbo diki. Kuvapo uye kugadzira nzvimbo iyi inoda mari, izvo neKomisheni nomumwe pemisimboti rimwe simba.