Chii Bursztyn? Kuziva mavambo uye zvivako

"Chii Bursztyn?" - mubvunzo zvakajairika chaizvo, uye vanhu, kukumbira izvozvo, mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange pamusoro subconscious sandara, vanoziva mhinduro, dzinenge shoko sekuti kwazvo avanoziva. Uye ichi hazvishamisi, nokuti vanhu vashoma vakanga kumbonzwa rinopenya, sezvo ichakurukurwa iri pamusoro payo.

Amber Name: kupi kubva?

Zvino, pazvakava pachena, chii chinonyanya Burshtyn, shanduro usiri mutemo, tinoda chete dzinoti kuti shoko zvabviswa Ukrainian uye Belarusian mitauro. Asi zvinozivikanwa zita vose "rinopenya" akapinda Russian achibva Lithuania, unonakidza akafanana gintäras uye akapinda kushandiswa nekaupenyu achangobva. Asi chokwadi, kwete Lithuanians yakawanikwa uye zita ibwe yakaisvonaka iyi, aizivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda kubva kare, uye zita rake anonzi navaArabhu. Kana izvi zvikaitika, usingazivi kuti vamwe, asi zvakanga pasi Arabic zita anbar nezvake vakadzidza vaRoma, rinoratidza izvozvo sezvo ambre, uye gare gare, tinoshandurirwa rinopenya, shoko kunobatanidzwa mimwe mitauro yokuEurope.

Amber Origin: kubva ngano uchapupu hwesayenzi

Saka, kunzwisisa zvakaitika uye apo Burshtyn zita raro, riri kutaura kwarakabva, asi chinotova dzinonakidza. NavaArabhu, akaupa zita raro, zvakakomba vaidavira kuti rinopenya - hazvina kufanana uchizviomesa muzuva dova reminda vokudenga, yakawa kubva kudenga womunhu akarurama mubayiro.

Wokutanga uyo akataura kuti rinopenya zvimwe inyaya nebwe pamusoro coniferous miti, aiva "kudzidzisa" murume Greece yekare - Aristotle. Gare gare, pfungwa yokuti Burshtyn "ibwe matanda", akanga vakanonga Theophrastus uye Pliny.

Zvisinei, hapana uchapupu kuti, kana kururamiswa iyi shanduro hapana wavo akapa uye havana kuedza kunyange kuita kudaro. Hazvishamisi, saka, kuti anopfuura 2000 kwemakore uye izvi zvose zvakanga hapana kupfuura shanduro, uye kwasviba pfungwa kuMiddle Ages chamuita zhinji ngano uye vachiwanda. Pfungwa dzinoratidzwa Aristotle, akagamuchira uchapupu nesayenzi atova pakati XVIII remakore., It akaratidza vakadzidza zvikuru vanhu nguva yake, Karl Linney, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov.

Chitarisiko rinopenya: chii?

Unogona, Chokwadi, uye havana kuziva zvaakanga Burshtyn, asi hazvibviri kusaziva kuti anotaridzika sei, vose ndamboona naye, vakange vakabata, vanoedza mberi. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti pane akasiyana siyana rinopenya kuti yakasiyana mune arambe achirema, yakajeka, ruvara, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji. Kazhinji ibwe rinopenya ane ake muviri nemaziso voids inoumbwa nokurohwa mhepo, zvichiita sokunge porous, uye zvakawanda zvakadai, zvakaipisisa unhu, kunyange nemaziso inoratidza zvakanakisa.

Kune 5 marudzi chikuru amabwe zvinoshamisa izvi, vose kana haana kufanana mumwe, kana kutarira sezvinoita kure chaizvo, asi harisati chete akanaka ekare rinopenya-Burshtyn:

1. Bone - zvikuru nemishonga chimiro rinopenya, chose opaque uye anotarisa zvikuru zvakafanana dzenzou, saka akapiwa zita.

2. Bustard - wechipiri arambe achirema in, uyewo opaque uye haana kukosha zvikuru, asi zviri rakanakira makorari uye ndiyo yakanakisisa pakati pehama, asi nokuda ose emaoko.

3. Gore - iri ibwe wakanaka, asi havasi kunyanya zvinokosha, ane translucent chimiro, kazhinji mutsinga "kujeka" uye yakajeka, zvine ruvara.

4. Foamy - vakaipisisa mu kunaka mhando dzose, zvikuru zvakanaka Vongai zhinji disseminations mhepo, zvichiita zvakawanda zvakafanana pumice.

5. Transparent - chinokosha pakati pamusoro kunyimwa duku in, yamarudzi ose rinopenya, chokuita nematombo anokosha dzekirasi yepamusorosoro. Kazhinji mumuviri wake prehistoric Zvipembenene makopi akadaro vanokosheswa kupfuura zvose.

Amber Application: zvivako uye zvinogadzirwa

zvakadaro kunyange ikozvino zvakakosha kuti Burshtyn ichi uye chii rinomiririra, zvakakosha - chikumbiro chacho munyika yanhasi, uye zviri chete zvinoshamisa sei zvakakosha uye ichiita mabasa akawanda. Amber pose kushandiswa kugadzira tsvarakadenga, asi, zvinosuruvarisa havasi hunogara chaizvo raanoziva, dambudziko kuonana pamwe mhepo kunoitika kusingadzivisiki oxidation rikurumidze. Mashoko aya zvinoita chinoshamisa kushandiswawo pabwe, asi musakanganwa kuti zvichiri kwete sekristaro, kusafanana nedzimwe mabwe anokosha uye Semi-anokosha. Transparent rinopenya akaita chakanaka zvishongo, nokukosheswa haidereri pane zvibereko anovaima uye nesafiro. Lower-yepamusoro rinopenya zvigadzirwa akashandiswa zvaAtemisi haberdashery youmbozha uye vapfumi zvishongo. In shoma zvikuru, rinoshandiswa mune zvemagetsi kugadzira, refu zvava chinokosha pamusoro mishonga zvinhu uye zvinonhuhwira, asi chii chiri kunakidza zvikuru, kunyange indasitiri zvokudya!

Deposits rinopenya: migumisiro inosuruvarisa zvachose kugadzirwa

Kutaura zvazviri, munzvimbo dzakadai panyika vashoma kwazvo, uye reserves dzayo kwezvinoshandiswa nerimwe gore, uye mutengo Sun Stone anogara kukura. Maererano nenyanzvi chete mumakore 70 makore ake ceaseless dzokubudisa rinopenya deposits vapiswa munenge 11%, uye chinhu irreparable kurasikirwa zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. Uye hazvina basa, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi - rinopenya, Bernstein, Burshtyn, shanduro kumbova njere - reserves yaro kwezvinoshandiswa. Tinogona kusiyanisa nzvimbo vashomanana munyika, 80% rokuzadza pamusika uyu ibwe chinoshamisa:

1. Russia - Kaliningrad, kuFar East nharaunda ..

2. Ukraine - Rivne uye Volyn nharaunda.

3. Greenland - Island Chora.

4. Alaska - Barrow chiteshi.

deposits Minor rinopenya anowanika pachitsuwa kweSisiri, muna Burma uye kuMexico.