Chii chinonzi teratogen? Zvinokonzera vachiberekwa anomalies

Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba yevana vanoberekwa vaine abnormalities okukura, rave kuramba ichiwedzera. Izvi imhaka kune teratogenic migumisiro (kubva muchiGiriki. Teros chikara, vhundutsa) zvinhu, zviri utero muviri ndiko vanonyanyova. Muchiitiko chino, vazhinji (kunyange nguva dzose) kunobva waamai basa.

Saka, gamba kuti Hugo kuti Quasimodo akanga achiri mudumbu akakuvadza mai wake, kuminyuka pamwe zvakasimba dumbu panguva yepamuviri kuti atengese anodhura mwana-chikara. Ndizvo pfungwa "teratogen" zvizivikanwe vanhu kare kare.

Zvokukura mudumbu munjodzi

The mwero munjodzi ari mudumbu panguva pamuviri zvinosiyana, vanachiremba kusiyanisa 3 nzendo.

1. Danho iri zvinotora maawa gestation yokutanga 18 naye. Panguva ino, kana pane vazhinji zvaparadzwa masero, pane kwatangwa nokupfupfudzika. Kana pamuviri kumboitika, embryo anogona kukurumidza kudzosa masero tagovera pasina kukuvadza utano. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Panguva iyi miviri chete nzira - kana embryo afa, kana vakura zvakakwana mberi.
2. Danho rechipiri kunoratidzwa mukuru munjodzi ari mudumbu. Stage anotora 18 kusvika 60 mazuva. Zvaive munguva iyi vakaumba wakakura zvikuru chirwere, dzimwe nguva kunyange haawirirani upenyu. Vanachiremba vanoti malformations zvikuru ngozi kuumbwa kusvika mazuva 36 gare gare ivo zvishoma raidudzwa, uye anowanikwa Kazhinji, pasingaverengwi kuremara ari urogenital ino uye hwakaoma mukanwa. Ndicho chikonzero vakadzi vane pamuviri anosvika mitatu kazhinji pangozi nokupfupfudzika. Iyi zvinonyanya kukosha kutarisira pachavo utano hwavo, nokuda kwayo kunoenderana utano yemberi mwana wako.
3. Panguva iyi, fetus ratova kuumbwa nhengo dzavo hurongwa, saka kukura kwavo havagoni kuva chakaipa. Asi pane mukana fetus kukura, rufu nth nhamba masero, kuderera vamwe mitumbi. The pangozi kupfuura mwana tsinga.

Types teratogens

Shoko rokuti "teratogenesis" (panowanikwa kukura zvikanganiso) vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - anomalies kunobva yaivhuvhuta zvezvakatipoteredza nemigumisiro uye anomalies nemhaka nhaka zvirwere. Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa "teratogen" anoreva chete wokutanga mhando. mushonga uyu, zvoutachiona uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti anokonzera vachiberekwa malformations zvomukati uye hurongwa.

Kupatsanura teratogens sezvinotevera.

1. Chemicals.
2. Ionizing nemwaranzi.
3. nzira Wrong youpenyu pamuviri.
4. Chirwere.

Chemicals kufanana teratogen

Mumwe mishonga zvinoratidza kuti chero makemikari chepfu pamatunhu mishonga kuti muviri. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya vakadzi vane pamuviri, iro vanyatsohuongorora vakasarudzwa mishonga kana zvichidikanwa.

The pamazita makemikari anogona kukuvadza mudumbu, nguva achiudza, Zvichakadai, hatigoni kutaura kuti chero fuma muurongwa somunhu teratogen, akasungwa kuti zvokukura abnormalities, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe zvinodhaka kunogona kuwedzera ngozi Fani iyi pa 2-3. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa yakasimbiswa kuti mishonga kupfuura ngozi I trimester pamuviri, asi zvazvinoita panguva trimesters II uye III haisi aizvinzwisisa. It anozivikanwa chete tigume pamusoro thalidomide, kunyanya mumazuva 34-50 ose gestation.

The njodzi huru nepamuviri vanomiririra kwemvura ine mekuri, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka. Uye zvinotevera boka zvinodhaka:

1. Tetracyclines (mishonga).
2. Valproic acid, anoshandiswa kugwinha uye pfari, uyewo trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (Preparation tanzi leukemias).
4. Androgen kemikari chiito.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (kuratidzwa neBP).
6. Ayodhini yeimwe.
7. "MTX" (rine imwe immunosuppressive kushanda).
8. Lithium carbonate.
9. "Tiamazol" (thyrostatic zvinoreva).
10. "Penicillamine" (rinoshandiswa autoimmune siyana).
11. "Isotretinoin" (ane analogue vhitamini A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (kemikari gadziriro).
13. "Thalidomide" (kurara mapiritsi).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (Anti-kenza zvinodhaka).
15. "Etretinat" (kushandiswa zvirwere ganda).

Sezvo kunambwa fetus mapoka zvinodhaka anoshandiswa zvirwere zvakasiyana zvachose, akarayira kurapwa pamuviri vanofanira kungwarira zvikuru. Iva nechokwadi kuti kuisa chiremba kukurumbira kuti uri panzvimbo.

ionizing nemwaranzi

Nokuti ionizing nemwaranzi zvinosanganisira US (kunyange vanachiremba vagara vachizviziva kuti kuti munhu zvakaipa azvarwa Ultrasound zvikasashanda), bhokisi maekisirei, maekisirei uye dzimwe tsvakurudzo nzira dzinosanganisira kushandiswa ionizing mafungu.

Mimwe mienzaniso teratogens - ichi tsaona chete kusunungurwa radioactive zvinhu kupinda zvakatipoteredza, radioactive ayodhini marapirwo, radiotherapy.

Infectious yomuchipatara uye pamuviri

Sezvo placenta ane mukuru mwero permeability, pane njodzi pamuviri kana intrauterine fetus chirwere ane nhamba zvirwere. HweHIV mumavhiki 7 pamuviri rokutanga anokwanisa kutungamirira fetus abnormalities kuti haawirirani upenyu. HweHIV of mwana akazotevera mumatanho kungaita kuti chirwere ari mucheche.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti rwakadini kwokuomerwa hosha kuratidzwa mune pamuviri uye mudumbu dzingasiyana.

Teratogenic chikonzero rinokwana zvinotevera zvirwere:

• toxoplasmosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• Herpes mhando I uye II;
• rubella;
• njovhera;
• Venezuelan equina encephalitis;
• varicella-zoster utachiwana.

Uyewo varwadziwe mwana rinobatanidza munhu chlamydia utachiona uye anogumbura pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri yomukadzi pamuviri.

nzira Wrong woupenyu pamuviri

Vakadzi vari munzvimbo kuti anokonzera upenyu uye utano mwana wake, saka havafaniri chero doro, kuputa uye kunyange kudhakwa kofi. K zvinhu zvinosanganisirawo teratogenic zvinodhaka nedoro, mishonga yezvipembenene kushandiswa mune zvokurima maindasitiri, Nezvakakuyiwa uye cleaners.

Zvakakosha zvakanaka kunovaka muviri uye kudzivisa isina inokuvadza anoshanda zvivako zvokudya. Zvokudya zvinofanira kuvakwa nenzira yakadaro kuti pamuviri vakagamuchira zvose zvakakodzera kukura mudumbu. Somuenzaniso, mapuroteni kushaikwa kunotungamirira fetus zvokudya. munhukadzi muviri inoda micronutrients akadai selenium, zingi, ayodhini, kutungamirira, manganese, fluorine. The Kudya kunofanirawo kuva uwandu calcium mavhitaminzi zvakakwana.

Other teratogens

By fetus pathologies zvinogona kukonzera chirwere cheshuga, goiter, phenylketonuria uye mapundu izvo zvinowedzera kugadzirwa androgen mahormone. Uyewo, vanachiremba vanodavira fetus ndiye overheating ngozi, kushaya folic acid.

Teratogenic akataura zvinhu pamusoro apa. Pfungwa iyi zvinosanganisira zvose zvinogona kukanganisa dzose kukura ari mudumbu uye kukonzera anomalies. Haiwa, izvi zvinhu chaizvo, saka mukadzi panguva pamuviri kunokosha chaizvo kuti akuteerere utano hwavo uye kudya kunovaka.