Chii chiShinto? The chitendero chinyakare pamusoro Japan

Iyo chitendero muJapan ane vateveri vakawanda? Zviri chisinganzwisisiki National uye zvekare zvikuru zvinodavirwa anonzi vechiShinto. Kufanana chero chitendero, izvozvo yakatanga, izvozvo chinayo zvinhu pakunamata uye pfungwa dzisiri nedzimwe ndudzi. Asi zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti chiShinto achiri kure nechiKristu. Hongu, uye dzimwe dzidziso vanonzi chaAbrahama. Asi chiShinto - hazvina chete kunamata madzitateguru. maonero akadaro chitendero muJapan raizova zvakanyanyisa anoitwa. Izvi hazvisi animism, kunyange zvazvo vatendi wechiShinto anonamatwa zvakasikwa uye kunyange zvinhu. uzivi ichi zvikuru kunzwisisa uye anofanira kuridzidza. Munyaya ino isu muchidimbu tsanangura chii yechiShinto. MuJapan, pane dzimwe muviri. Sezvo chiShinto interacts pamwe ezvitendero aya? kana navo zvakananga daka, kana tinogona kutaura nezvomumwe syncretism rechitendero? Dzidza ichi, verenga nyaya yedu.

Origin uye codification vechiShinto

Animism - kudavira kuti zvimwe zvinhu uye mananara hunhu spiritualized - chakavapo kumarudzi ose pane imwe padanho okukura. Asi pashure ezvitendero kunamata miti, matombo uye gwenya dhisiki yakanga kuraswa. The zvechitendero kwevanhu zvava vamwari kuti kudzora zvakasikwa. Zvino kwose kwose pemarudzi ose. Asi kwete Japan. Pane animism akapona pamwe kuchinja uye metaphysically yakatanga, uye akava vaiita chitendero nehurumende. Nhoroondo wechiShinto kunotanga yokutanga panotaurwa mubhuku "Nihongi". In Chronicle ichi remakore rechisere, rinoudza of Japanese Emperor Yōmei (akatonga pakutanga kwezana rechitanhatu uye rechinomwe emakore). The akati namambo "aizviti chiBhudha uye chiShinto achakudzwa." Sezvingatarisirwa, mune imwe neimwe nzvimbo duku Japan yakanga mweya wake, Mwari. Uyezve, mune dzimwe nharaunda airemekedzwa zuva, apo vamwe vaifarira mamwe mauto kana mananara zvakasikwa. Kana muzana remakore rechisere, nyika yakatanga narwo inofanira enyika centralization, nyaya codification vezvitendero zvose uye ezvitendero.

canonization mungano

Nyika vakabatana pasi pesimba mutongi Kusakabe nharaunda. Saka pamusoro vokuJapan "Olympus" aiva mwarikadzi Amaterasu, kuzvibatanidza zuva. Iye akanzi mai achitonga mhuri wavarindi. vamwe vamwari vose vari rakava yakaderera. Muna 701, mashoko administrative simba "Jingi-Hamusikuwana" akanga kunyange yakatangwa Japan, riri mutariri zvose kuenda kunyika ezvitendero uye mhemberero dzechitendero. GEMM Queen muna 712 akarayira kuti chine dzidziso kuti aivapo panyika. Saka munhu Chronicle "Kojiki" ( "Records mabasa starinyi"). Asi chikuru bhuku, iyo inogona kuenzaniswa Bhaibheri dzezvitendero yaAbrahamu (chiJudha, chiKristu uye chiIslam), nokuti chiShinto akava "Nihon Shoki" - "yenhau Japan akanyorwa ane bhurasho." Wakaisa uku ngano rakanga rakanyorwa 720 neboka vakuru vachitungamirirwa munhu G-asi Yasumaro uye yakananga kupindura Toneri Prince. zvinotendwa All vanounzwa vakabatana. Mukuwedzera, muna "Nihon Shoki" vari munhau uye vachiudza pamusoro kupinda ari pachitsuwa Japanese chiBuddha, Chinese uye Korean vanokudzwa mhuri.

kunamata madzitateguru

Kana tikafunga mubvunzo "chii chiShinto", pane kutaura kuti ndiye kunamata zvakasikwa shoma. No kukosha mune zvetsika chitendero Japan kuridza chitendero madzitateguru. In chiShinto hapana ruponeso pfungwa muchiKristu. Mweya yevakafa kuramba usingaonekwi pakati pavapenyu. Vane pose pose uye zvakazara zvinhu zvose. Uyezve, havana kutora kushingaira chikamu panzvimbo pasi zvinhu. Sezvo ari enyika maumbirwo Japan, basa rinokosha mune zvakaitika kutamba mweya yemadzitateguru akafa wavarindi. Kazhinji chiShinto hapana pachena mutsetse pakati vanhu uye Kami. Ekupedzisira - midzimu kana vanamwari. Asi vanokweverwa kupinda husingaperi kutenderera upenyu. Vanhu vafa vanogona kuva Kami, uye mweya - kuti zimukadzimu mumuviri. Shoko "chiShinto" chinosanganisira vatambi vaviri, rinoreva "nzira wavanamwari." Pass ichi nzira runopiwa ose mugari Japan. Pashure chiShinto - kwete chitendero nyika. Iye haafariri kuparidza - kuparadzirwa zvaaidzidzisa pakati pemarudzi. Kusiyana chiKristu, chiIslam kana chiBhudha, chiShinto - chitendero chakachena Japanese.

Pfungwa huru

Saka, vazhinji mananara zvakasikwa, uye kunyange zvinhu chaizvo zvokunamata, yainzi Kami. Dzimwe nguva iye anogara chero chipi zvacho chinhu, asi dzimwe nguva rinowanikwa zimukadzimu raMwari. Ikoko Kami-vanoitisana nzvimbo uye kunyange genera (udzigami). Vakabva vave madzitateguru mweya - rudzi "mutarisiri ngirozi" vana vavo. Zvinofanira kutaurwa mumwe musiyano unokosha chiShinto nezvimwe zvitendero zvenyika. Zvinotora vakasvimha dzidziso nzvimbo. Saka zvakaoma chaizvo kutsanangura nemashoko vechitendero chiitiko chiri vechiShinto. Zvinokosha ortho-Dox (dudziro yechokwadi), uye ortho-praxia (zvakarurama tsika). Saka, vanhu Japanese havateereri zvikuru dzidziso yakadaro, uye kuomerera netsika. Kuti achiripo anenge kuchinja kubva panguva apo vanhu vaiita zvose zvemarudzi zvemashiripiti, totemism uye un'anga.

Chokuita zvinoriumba

ChiShinto - chitendero zvachose kwete dualistic. Mariri haungawani muchiKristu, kurwisana pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Japanese "ashi" - hakusi Mhedziso zvakaipa. Hazvina kunge chinhu chinokuvadza, izvo zvakanakisisa kudziviswa. Chivi - tsumi - haarambi chokuita ruvara. Chiito ichi, icho kunoshorwa vanhu. Tsumi kushandura hunhu hwevanhu. "Asi" inoshora "Yoshi", riri kwete mhedziso zvakanaka. Zvose zvakanaka uye anobatsira, nei kuedza. Naizvozvo Kami havasi mitemo. Vane asatenderwe mumwe, kuvanza tsaru zvigumbu. Pane Kami kukurayira mhondi okunze - kwenyika, tsunami, madutu. Uye ferocity yavo unhu hwamwari hauzoti duku. Asi nekuda vokuJapan kutevera "nzira vanamwari" (atumidzwa wechiShinto pfupi) ndiyo bumbiro kwetsika. Zvakakodzera kuremekedza zvikuru mukuru uye zera, kuti kukwanisa kurarama murugare zvakaenzana rukudzo zvinoenderana pakati murume uye hunhu.

Pfungwa kunze kwenyika

The muchadenga haana kusikwa Musiki akanaka. Kubva mhirizhonga yakabuda Kami, izvo dzimwe mudariro ndakasika zviwi Japanese. ChiShinto pamusoro Japan rinodzidzisa kuti zvakasikwa hwakarongwa nemazvo, kunyange hazvisi zvakanaka. Uye chinhu chikuru mairi - kuitira. Zvakaipa - ihosha kuti akadya asimbiswa dzemunharaunda. Naizvozvo, zvakanaka munhu anofanira kudzivisa utera, miedzo uye kukodzera pfungwa. Vanogona nacho tsumi. Chivi kwete chete kukanganisa mweya wakanaka womunhu, asi akaitawo wakamuberekera pariah munzanga. Uye ichi ndicho vokuJapan - chirango zvikuru zvinotyisa. Asi Mhedziso zvakanaka uye zvakaipa haako. Kusiyanisa "zvakanaka" kubva "zvakaipa" mumamiriro ezvinhu, munhu anofanira kuva "mwoyo segirazi" (akatiita achatonga chokwadi) uye kwete kuputsa pamwe mwari (kukudza setsika). Saka zvinoita mupiro kutsiga wezvose.

ChiShinto uye chiBuddha

Chimwe pachena kuchiitwa chitendero Japanese - zvayo zvinoshamisa syncretism. ChiBhudha vakatanga kupinda pachitsuwa muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Akagamuchirwa kunoitwa vatongi vemunharaunda. Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira chii chitendero muna Japan aiva mukuru kuchinja inotungamirwa chiShinto tsika. Pakutanga zvakanga akanzi kuti pane Kami - the vaichengetedza chiBuddha. Ipapo vakatanga kusonganira midzimu uye Bodhidharma. Nokukurumidza, yechiShinto netemberi akatanga kuverenga sutras dzechiBhudha. Muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe kwechinguva dzidziso Gautama ari chinoziva Mumwe aiva Japan sezvo chitendero wehurumende. Nguva iyi yakachinjwa kunamata vechiShinto. Mumatemberi paiva mifananidzo bodhisattvas uye Buddha pachake. Paiva kudavira kuti Kami, uyewo vanhu vanoda kununurwa. Uyewo, pane dzidziso syncretic - Ryobu Cinta uye nechireyi-vechiShinto.

temberi wechiShinto

Vamwari havafaniri kugara muzvivako. Naizvozvo, temberi - ichi hachisi musha Kami. Zviri nani nzvimbo vakatendeka vaunganire asvika kunamata. Asi achiziva chii chiShinto, hazvibviri kuenzanisa temberi Japanese chinyakare ane chechi yePurotesitendi. In huru building, honden mumabhatiri "Kami muviri" - Xingtai. Kazhinji ichi ndicho chiratidzo nezita mwari. Asi pane anogona kuva nezviuru Xingtai mune dzimwe mutemberi. Minyengetero honden haana kuiswawo. Padzinoungana yeMagungano - Haiden. Kunze kwake, pamusoro munharaunda yetemberi zvakaoma pane kicheni kuti kugadzirira tsika chikafu Chiitiko, nzvimbo kuita zvemashiripiti, dzimwe outbuildings. Tsika mutemberi vanopedza vapristi anonzi Kannus.

musha atari

Shanyira temberi haisi hazvo mutendi Japanese. Pashure Kami kuripo kwose kwose. Uye unogona kuvakudzawo kwose. Saka, pamwe temberi kunokudziridzwa chaizvo kumba vechiShinto. MuJapan pane atari mhuri dzose. Unogona kuenzaniswa "dzvuku pakona" iri zvirindo Orthodox. Atari "kamidana" rinomiririra pasherefu apo hwakaratidza nameplates-siyana Kami. Ivo vaitiwo nemazango uye mazango, akatenga mu "nzvimbo tsvene". Yekufadza mweya yemadzitateguru, kuisa kamidana uye zvipo uye nokuda mochi vodka. In rukudzo wemufi anoiswa paaritari uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha kuna nyakufa. Dzimwe nguva zvingava dhipuroma rake kana kuti kukwidziridzwa (chiShinto, mu pfupi, akakatyamadza vokuEurope chiripiripo kwayo). Ipapo mutendi anogeza chake uye maoko, anomira pamberi kamidana, vachikotama kakawanda, uye ipapo guru kutinhira. Saka Kunokwezva pfungwa Kami. Zvadaro chinyararire vachinyengetera uye vachikotamira zvakare.