Chii endemic uye "vane chii vadye"?

Mhinduro yomubvunzo iwoyo iri endemic muna jogirafi, Somuenzaniso, vanoona vachava zvakaoma chaizvo, asi zviri nani kuti kuna zvipenyu uye kufunga pfungwa ichi kubva zvipenyu divi.

Definition, tsananguro, endemic

Akadana endemic mhando - vamiriri vose kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka kuti kugara kunzvimbo zvakarurama dzoga kana shoma munzvimbo. Kazhinji nzvimbo idzi ndivo kwezvakatipoteredza kana nenzvimbo zvikonzero vanoparadzaniswa vamwe nyika. Uyezve, mashoko nzvimbo vanoonekwa ne conserved nzvimbo, kureva avo apo mamiriro ezvinhu nokuvapo endemic kwemarudzi handishanduki kwenguva refu kwenguva.

Nemhaka zvakawanda zvinoitwa nevanhu vakawanda mhando nemhuka nhasi vari kutamira ari chikamu chisingawanzowaniki kana endemic, inokurudzira vanhu kumisa National Parks uye reserves kuti tirambe uye vawedzere Vagari mhuka yasara. Humanity zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinhu endemic kuti ramangwana redu. The zvakawanda zvipenyu zviri akatanga muchikamu endemic, patinonyanya pokugumira nzvimbo dzavo, mhuka uye zvinomera kuronga dzaitongwa kufanana.

kupatsanura pakati endemics

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti endemic kwemarudzi kuti vanogara munharaunda mumarenje mumwe chete (Welwitschia zvinoshamisa, izvo chinokura bedzi muna Namib Desert), mumwe chitsuwa kana mumwe muhomba (pane subspecies pamusoro hummingbird chinoramba chete pagomo Chimborazo, riri South America), inonzi uzkoendemichnymi. Kuti pakupedzisira kunzwisisa zvinhu endemic, anofanira kuziva zvinokosha kupatsanura, apo mhando akadaro rakakamurwa neoendemics (mberi endemic) uye paleoendemikov (relict endemic).

Neoendemics inonzi chaivo taxa kwakadaro (rudzi), raikura newokuti "musha" ayo, asi ari oga nzvimbo, somuenzaniso muna kuzvitsuwa kubva makondinendi. Somuenzaniso, muna Madagascar 65% rezvinomera chinosanganisira endemic kwemarudzi, muna Hawaii, nhamba yavo yakawedzera kusvika 90%. Uyewo, izvi zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvirimwa kurarama Crimea, pamusoro pegungwa, kuti Seychelles, chitsuwa Saint Helena, kuBritish Isles, etc. Uye, chokwadi, sei kutaura zvinhu endemic, kana tisingatauri inozivikanwa vamiririri ..: kangaroos uye koalas. Vanouya ari infraclass kuti anogara chete muAustralia.

Paleoendemikami chete zvipenyu zviri kuonekwa somugumisiro wacho anenge rakakwana kutsakatika pamusoro makuru zvikamu dzakare neeSultan. Vakasara vamiririri izvi yekare vakapona, kunyanya nemhaka yavo kwazvo nevamwe kubva zvikuru dzakabudirira. Relict endemic zvipenyu zviri anowanzonzi zvipenyu zvisaririra, sezvo ndivo vanonyanya vamiririri mapoka vakwegura, uyo akararama makore mazhinji akapfuura. Izvi zvinosanganisira hove crossopterygian (coelacanth) klyuvogolovye zvinokambaira (Tuatara), makarwe, chidhongi gakanje, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (mvumbi platypus) uye t. D.

endemic pamusoro America

North America iri kwayo kusiyana endemic kwemarudzi zvakakodzera. Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa kwemarudzi zvinomera kuva vakadaro uye iri mundima United States, ndiwo hofori muti Sequoia, nomumwe vamiririri iyo veko kuti vakatotumidza mazita avo. Pakazosvika endemic yemiti kunosanganisirawo vanoondoroka Balfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor mbeu mavara, Obregon of Negri uye t. D. From fauna of endemic nyika North America vangazivikanwa dondo nyati, Cougar, American matema bheya, Mississippi mupurwa, uye bullfrog (wasvika rimwe pakureba 20 cm) uye California condor.

Baikal - parera kweSiberia

Kuti tinzwisise zvinhu endemic kuna Lake Baikal, tinofanira chete kucherechedza kuti nemiti uye fauna of kwegungwa kubudikidza 65% ine endemic kwemarudzi. Saka, kubva pano muna 2600 zvipenyu zvipenyu uye subspecies pamusoro zvishoma kupfuura 1,000 taxa, vanenge 95 genera, mhuri inenge 10 vari nhengo endemic nyika. Imwe yakakurumbira Lake Baikal endemics vanogona kunzi Baikal chisimbiso (chisimbiso), mumwe chete Freshwater mucherechedzo marudzi munyika. It zvinosanganisirawo nyanza endemic mhando uye mhuri: golomyanka, zheltokrylye (megungwa hove) Baikalian omul (Salmonidae mhuri) Baikalian epishura (crustaceans, richisvika avhareji kukura munenge 1.5-2 mm) uye, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chisimbiso Baikalian.