Chii evanhu mabasa anoitwa chitendero (zvishoma)

The echitendero chezvinonhuwira nzanga yevanhu iri zvakawanda kana zvishoma nguva dzose ukama zvakananga evanhu kwendangariro. Kuti tizive hunhu simba ichi, unofanira kuziva chii evanhu mabasa anoitwa chitendero.

Basa chitendero munzanga

machechi kukanganisa vanhu uye nzanga nenzira dzakawanda. Hunhu izvi hakusi kwechigarire uye unogadzurudzirwa kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo uye pamusoro nguva. Zvisinei, chero zvazvingava, zvinoita anosarudza migumisiro matambudziko iyo vaongorori so evanhu basa rechitendero. Yokupedzisira inoreva yose-siyana migumisiro simba vezvitendero, kuva nzvimbo kuti dzakasiyana-siyana chenhau ezvinhu.

Mwero kunamata magariro

A nzvimbo dzidziso dzechitendero munzanga - kukosha shanduka. Somuenzaniso, kuMiddle Ages, chitendero permeable vose vehurumende masangano, kuva zvakananga kukanganisa masangano enyika: administrative dzakabatana, mauto masangano, shamwari kwounyanzvi, nokure mifananidzo, etc. Nhasi, nyika dzokuMadokero zvakawanda kusada zvokunamata, saka kuongorora chii evanhu mashandiro anoita chitendero Anoita munzanga nhasi, tinofanira zvinobva pakuti chitendero adzingwa mumamiriro ezvinhu oupenyu. Izvi ndezvechokwadi nokuti dzakabudirira, vanonzi wokutanga nyika, asi kwete nokuda African States, kana, muti, kuMiddle East, uko chitendero netsika vachiri basa guru iri sangano munzanga.

The Marxist dzidziso evanhu mashandiro anoita chitendero

Pari, evanhu, uyewo chitendero, haasi mumwe mwero zvinodiwa izvo kutaura kudzidza chii evanhu mashandiro anoitwa chitendero. Somuenzaniso, maererano Sociological pfungwa, rinotarisa simba Karla Marksa, basa chitendero hunoyerwa panyaya kukanganisa wayo mberi munzanga. Nemamwe mashoko, mubvunzo chii evanhu mashandiro anoitwa chitendero, mhinduro pfupi kunoenderana ane tinyatsonzwisisa zvipingamupinyi ayo uye vatsigire mumagariro mberi. Sokuziva, Marx pachake akaenzanisa basa ino munezvimwe nyika pamwe chinodhaka. Asi panguva iyoyo akanga (uye Fridrih Shona) aiziva kurwadziwa rokusika basa chiKristu mangwanani uye Protestantism, kuti, kwake mafungiro, kuunza upenyu paruzhinji munhu mutsva, dzakakwirira panyaya mberi mumagariro ukama chechetere.

Saka, Marxist evanhu anotaura maviri makuru mashandiro anoita chitendero - Revolutionary uye reactionary.

Social mashandiro anoita chitendero kubudikidza Erich Fromm

A siyana akagadzirwa nzira kuziva mashandiro anoita chitendero wakavigira kunoshamisa muzivi uye nyanzvi Erich Fromm America. Exploring chii evanhu mabasa anoitwa chitendero, chakasiyana yose chakarondedzera zvavo zviviri, izvo, kwake mafungiro, ndezvemamiriro dzidziso nyika yose yechitendero - the humanistic uye anomanikidza.

Humanistic basa rechitendero

Humanistic basa Fromm anoisa panguva ngoni rechitendero ino, iyo inosimbisa kukosha chokuvapo kwevanhu pacharo. Somugumisiro, kwakadaro chitendero inokurudzira womukati kukura wacho uye nzanga. Kazhinji, chikamu ichi zvinoita kuti pave zvedzidzo, zvishande, yetsika uye dzimwe pfuma wacho uye nzanga. A dzinongoitika mugumisiro wayo kupindirana Implementation pakati Fromm akaona munzanga inodzorwa pfungwa kubatana kwenyika, hunhu uye vanhu. The pamazita zvitendero zvakadaro, Fromm vari dzidziso Wat (mangwanani), chiKristu, uyewo zvimwe kwedzidziso dzechitendero, akadai chiTao.

Anomanikidza basa rechitendero

Asi kuti tinzwisise zvakakwana chii evanhu mabasa anoitwa chitendero, zvishoma kubatwa uye kechipiri, aionekwa Fromm, unonzi anomanikidza. hunhu waro kwakavakirwa redzidziso mvumo yepamusoro simba, richienzaniswa munhu aiziva pakutanga simba uye vasingabatsiri. Kusiyana humanistic mhando rezvitendero, iro rinonyanya anotora munhu uye kukura kwake, anomanikidza rezvitendero atora pamunhu uye nzanga yose zvayo mutoro kunamata, groveling pamberi mwari. Zvose zvakanaka kuti chitendero anoratidza kuti Mwari, uye vose baser unhu - murume, vachipambara okusika zvikuru, njere uye tsika rine vanhu. Muvanhu vakaumba chitendero, kurimwa nepfungwa kutya, mhosva. Joy uye rusununguko kuwana nayo noruvara chivi, asi chikuru kunaka haanzi kuteerera.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa mhando ichi munyika chitendero Islam uye Russia ano rakajeka chiratidzazvizhinji ane anomanikidza chitendero ndicho Chechi yeOrthodox, zvikuru rezvedzidzo tsika izvo rinozivisa nheyo "kuteerera nani achitsanya nokunyengetera" uye chaizvoizvo kududzira kutendeuka chinhu chikuru chiito kutenda.

Ukuwo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti maererano Fromm chitendero hakuna zvachose rakakamurwa mapoka maviri. Pasina chaakasiya ezvitendero zvose zvinogona kuratidza somunhu humanistic uye anomanikidza zvinhu. Ndizvo hunhu maduramazwi nhoroondo ezvinhu zvinokonzera, izvo pasocial mabasa anoitwa chitendero. The chete chiBuddha, kufanana chiKristu, panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura huchangotanga ezvinhu akasiyana somutariri humanistic uye anomanikidza basa.

Other mabasa

Pamwe, saka kutaura, pamwe pose mashandiro anoita chitendero, zvinoratidzwa Marx uye Fromm, unogona tsanangurai kupfuura private, emo. Pakati pavo, kutanga kutevera mashandiro kugutsa dzavasinei nadzo pakunamata - kudiwa kwokutenda, zvituri zvakaitika, etc. Zvaiitwa chokuita wechipiri .. Kunoitawo kuti waidzora yetsika dzemunharaunda munzanga, vachiti simba ravo uye kuvhiringidza kutyora yavo.

Chimwe chinhu chokuita mumudzimu uye mupfungwa yokutindivadza. kutenda Religious anopa tariro uye kukurudzirwa ezvinhu nenhamo uye kusuruvara - zvose wacho uye nzanga yose zvayo. In mhedziso, tinoona chinhu Pfungwa basa - chitendero chinoita basa Pfungwa ukama munzanga nokugadzira uye nevamwe nyika mwoyo kwevanhu.